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1、有机化学复习总结一有机化合物的命名1.能够用系统命名法命名各种类型化合物：包括烷烃，烯烃，炔烃，烯炔，脂环烃（单环脂环烃和多环置换脂环烃中的螺环烃和桥环烃），芳烃，醇，酚，醚，醛，酮，羧酸，羧酸衍生物（酰卤，酸酐，酯，酰胺），多官能团化合物（官能团优先顺序：COOH SO3H COOR COX CN CHOC O OH(醇)OH(酚)SH NH2 ORCC C C(RX NO2)，并能够判断出Z/E 构型和 R/S 构型。2.根据化合物的系统命名，写出相应的结构式或立体结构式（伞形式，锯架式，纽曼投影式，Fischer投影式）。立体结构的表示方法：1）伞形式：CCOOHOHH3CH2）锯架式：
2、CH3OHHHOHC2H53）纽曼投影式：HHHHHHHHHHHH4）菲舍尔投影式：COOHCH3OHH5）构象(conformation)(1)乙烷构象：最稳定构象是交叉式，最不稳定构象是重叠式。(2)正丁烷构象：最稳定构象是对位交叉式，最不稳定构象是全重叠式。(3)环己烷构象：最稳定构象是椅式构象。一取代环己烷最稳定构象是e 取代的椅 式构象。多取代环己烷最稳定构象是e 取代最多或大基团处于e 键上的椅式构象。立体结构的标记方法1.Z/E 标记法：在表示烯烃的构型时，如果在次序规则中两个优先的基团在同一侧，为 Z 构型，在相反侧，为E 构型。CH3CCHClC2H5CH3CCHC2H5Cl
3、(Z)3氯 2戊烯(E)3氯 2戊烯2、顺/反标记法：在标记烯烃和脂环烃的构型时，如果两个相同的基团在同一侧，则为顺式；在相反侧，则为反式。CH3CCHCH3HCH3CCHHCH3顺 2丁烯反 2丁烯CH3HCH3HCH3HHCH3顺 1,4二甲基环己烷反 1,4二甲基环己烷3、R/S 标记法：在标记手性分子时，先把与手性碳相连的四个基团按次序规则排序。然后将最不优先的基团放在远离观察者，再以次观察其它三个基团，如果优先顺序是顺时针，则为R 构型，如果是逆时针，则为S 构型。CadcbCadbcR型S型注：将伞状透视式与菲舍尔投影式互换的方法是：先按要求书写其透视式或投影式，然后分别标出其R/
4、S 构型，如果两者构型相同，则为同一化合物，否则为其对映体。二.有机化学反应及特点1.反应类型反应类型(按历程分)自由基反应离子型反应协同反应：双烯合成自由基取代：烷烃卤代、芳烃侧链卤代、烯烃的 H卤代自由基加成：烯,炔的过氧化效应亲电加成：烯、炔、二烯烃的加成，脂环烃小环的开环加成亲电取代：芳环上的亲电取代反应亲核取代：卤代烃、醇的反应，环氧乙烷的开环反应，醚键断裂反应,卤苯的取代反应消除反应：卤代烃和醇的反应亲核加成：炔烃的亲核加成文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3
5、U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S
6、3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C
7、1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6
8、N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O
9、2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S
10、2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1
11、K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3还原反应（包括催化加氢）：烯烃、炔烃、环烷烃、芳烃、卤代烃氧化反应：烯烃的氧化（高锰酸钾氧化，臭氧氧化，环氧化）；炔烃高锰酸钾氧化，臭氧氧化；醇的氧化；芳烃侧链氧化，芳环氧化）2.有关规律1）马氏规律：亲电加成反应的规律，亲电试剂总是加到连氢较多的双键碳上。2）过氧化效应：自由基加成反应的规律，卤素加到连氢较多的双键碳上。3）空间效应：体积较大的基团总是取代到空间位阻较小的位置。4）定位规律：芳烃亲电取代反应的规律，有邻
12、、对位定位基，和间位定位基。5）查依切夫规律：卤代烃和醇消除反应的规律，主要产物是双键碳上取代基较多的烯烃。6）休克尔规则：判断芳香性的规则。存在一个环状的大 键，成环原子必须共平面或接近共平面，电子数符合4n+2规则。7）霍夫曼规则：季铵盐消除反应的规律，只有烃基时，主要产物是双键碳上取代基较少的烯烃（动力学控制产物）。当 碳上连有吸电子基或不饱和键时，则消除的是酸性较强的氢，生成较稳定的产物（热力学控制产物）。8）基团的“顺序规则”3.反应中的立体化学烷烃：烷烃的自由基取代：外消旋化烯烃：烯烃的亲电加成：溴，氯，HOBr（HOCl），羟汞化-脱汞还原反应-反式加成文档编码:CT2O2S3Y
13、8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C
14、1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3
15、U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S
16、3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C
17、1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6
18、N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O
19、2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3其它亲电试剂：顺式+反式加成烯烃的环氧化，与单线态卡宾的反应：保持构型烯烃的冷稀KMnO4/H2O 氧化：顺式邻二醇烯烃的硼氢化-氧化：顺式加成烯烃的加氢：顺式加氢环己烯的加成（1-取代，3-取代，4-取代）炔烃：选择性加氢：Lindlar催化剂-顺式烯烃Na/NH3（L）-反式加氢亲核取
20、代：SN1：外消旋化的同时构型翻转SN2：构型翻转（Walden翻转）消除反应：E2，E1cb:反式共平面消除。环氧乙烷的开环反应：反式产物四概念、物理性质、结构稳定性、反应活性（一）.概念1.同分异构体构造异构立体异构位置异构碳架异构官能团异构互变异构构型异构构象异构H2CCCH3CH3H2CCHCH2CH2CH3CH2OHCH2CHOHCH3CHO顺反异构对映异构同分异构CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CHCHCH3 CH3OCH3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3
21、文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y
22、8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C
23、1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3
24、U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S
25、3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C
26、1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6
27、N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U32.试剂亲电试剂：简单地说，对电子具有亲合力的试剂就叫亲电试剂（electrophilic reagent）。亲电试剂一般都是带正电荷的试剂或具有空的p 轨道或 d 轨道，能够接受电子对的中性分子，如：H、Cl、Br、RCH2、CH3CO、NO2、SO3H、SO3、BF3、AlCl3等，都是亲电试剂。亲核试剂：对电子没有亲合力，但对带正电荷或部分正电荷的碳原子具有亲合力的试剂叫亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagen
28、t）。亲核试剂一般是带负电荷的试剂或是带有未共用电子对的中性分子，如：OH、HS、CN、NH2、RCH2、RO、RS、PhO、RCOO、X、H2O、ROH、ROR、NH3、RNH2等，都是亲核试剂。自由基试剂：Cl2、Br2是自由基引发剂，此外，过氧化氢、过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁氰、过硫酸铵等也是常用的自由基引发剂。少量的自由基引发剂就可引发反应，使反应进行下去。3.酸碱的概念2Clhv 或高温均裂hv 或高温均裂Cl2Br22Br文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3
29、文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y
30、8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C
31、1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3
32、U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S
33、3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C
34、1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6
35、N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3布朗斯特酸碱：质子的给体为酸，质子的受体为碱。Lewis酸碱：电子的接受体为酸，电子的给与体为碱。4.共价键的属性键长、键角、键能、键矩、偶极矩。5.杂化轨道理论sp3、sp2、sp 杂化。6.旋光性平面偏振光：手性：手性碳：旋光性：旋光性物质（光学活性物质），左旋体，右旋体：内消旋体、外消旋体，两者的区别：对映异构体，产生条件：非对映异构体：苏式，赤式：差向异构体：Walden翻转:7.电子效应CHOCH2OHHHOHOH
36、赤式CHOCH2OHHHOHHO苏式文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K
37、6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2
38、O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10
39、S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I
40、1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:C
41、T2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB
42、10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U31）诱导效应2）共轭效应（-共轭，p-共轭，-p 超 2 共轭，-超共轭。3）空间效应8.其它内型（endo）,外型（exo）：顺反异构体，产生条件：烯醇式：（二）.物理性质1.沸点高低的判断？不同类型化合物之间沸点的比较；同种
43、类型化合物之间沸点的比较。2.熔点，溶解度的大小判断？3.形成有效氢键的条件，形成分子内氢键的条件：HCOCH3endo(内型)HCOCH3exo（外型）立体效应(空间效应)范德华张力：扭转张力：已有基团对新引入基团的空间阻碍作用。OHOH两个原子或原子团距离太近，小于两者的范德华半径之和而产生的张力。CH3SO3HCH3SO3H和在重叠构象中存在着要变为交叉式构象的一种张力。HHHHHHHHHHHH空间阻碍：文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S
44、3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C
45、1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6
46、N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O
47、2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S
48、2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1
49、K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT
50、2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3文档编码:CT2O2S3Y8S6 HB10S2C1C1N2 ZL8I1K6N3U3（三）.稳定性判断1.烯烃稳定性判R2C=CR2 R2C=CHR RCH=CHR（E-构型）RCH=CHR（Z-构型）RHC=CH2 CH2=CH22.环烷烃稳定性判断3.开链烃构象稳定性4.环己烷构象稳定性5.反应中间体稳定大小判断（碳正离子，碳负离子，自由基）碳正离子的稳性顺序：自由基稳定性顺序：碳负离子稳定性顺序：6.共振极限结构式的稳定性判断（在共振杂化体中贡献程度）：（四）酸碱性的判断1.不同类型化合物算碱性判断2.液相中醇的酸性大小3