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1、1/22 城市表层土壤重金属污染分析摘要随着城市经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加，人类活动对城市环境质量的影响日显突出。为此通过获得的海量数据资料，应用数学软件对数据进行处理，开展了城市土壤环境质量的评价，则得到城市地质环境的演变模式已成为了解决此问题的关键。基于问题一：利用附件1 和附件 2 给出的调查数据，做出相应的统计分类处理。然后用 MATLAB 绘制出该城区各重金属元素的三维曲面模型，这些模型表示了8 种主要重金属在该城区的空间分布情况。然后运用单因子分析和内梅罗污染指数综合评价法对该城区土壤表层重金属元素污染进行评价，从而确定出该城区内不同区域金属元素的污染程度。针对问题二：通过
2、问题一的分析，我们可以判断出了工业区，交通区，生活区污染程度比较严重，再根据各重金属在各功能区的含量平均值、标准差求出变异系数，根据变异系数的大小可初步判断该城区的污染受到人为因素的影响，为了找出各重金属的主要污染原因，我们又运用了相关系数来进行相关分析，从而综合判断了各功能区污染的主要来源。如：生活区的污染主要来自于生活垃圾的排放，工业区和交通区污染的主要原因是工业/三废的大量排放，汽车含铅汽油的大量使用，轮胎老化磨损自造出含锌粉尘等等。对于问题三要求分析重金属污染物的传播特征，并由此建立模型，确定污染的位置，我们通过数据对其进行了空间传播分析，运用扩散通量，菲克定律推出了传播特征，然后将已
3、知的坐标数据和重金属含量数据进行了拟合，找出了各重金属元素的污染源的相对坐标位置。问题四中我们评价了模型的优缺点，为更好的研究城市地质环境的演变模式，提出相关的信息以及模型来解决问题。关键字：内梅罗综合污染指数单项污染指数统计分析变异系数相关系数扩散通量菲克定理拟合函数2/22 目录1.问题重述2 2.问题分析2 3.模型假设3 4.符号说明3 5.模型建立与模型求解4 6.模型的评价19 7.模型的改进与推广21 8.参考文献21 1.问题重述随着城市经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加，人类活动对城市环境质量的影响日显突出。如在城市发展中的一些不合理过程致使重金属如：As，Cd，Cr，Cu
4、等元素过量进入土壤而造成了环境的污染。调查中按功能区不同，将城市划分为生活区、工业区、山区、主干道路区及公园绿地区五个部分，并列出了每个采样点的位置、海拔高度及其所属功能区等信息，然后对其土壤地质环境进行调查，将所考察的城区划分为间距1 公里左右的网格子区域，按照每平方公里1 个采样点对表层土，Cd(镉，Cr铬），Cu铜），Hg 汞），Ni镍），Pb铅），Zn锌）j j=1,2,3,4,5 分别对应生活区、工业区、山区、交通区、公园绿地区n 重金属种类 n=8）Pij j 功能区综合污染指数Sij 各元素的环境背景值Ci重金属实测浓度Ri 各元素综合平均值Rij各元素在各功能区的平均值Di各元
5、素综合标准差Dij各元素在各功能区的标准差Wi各元素的综合变异系数Wij各元素在各功能区的变异系数Xi重金属元素积累起始值Qi重金属元素污染起始值Ei 重金属元素重污染起始值其中D：扩散系数J:扩散通量C1、C2：取样点的浓度F：重金属离子平均跳动频率V：动量扩散系数：热扩散系数 t：测量时间文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B
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11、4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U54/22 x：测量相距距离5.模型的建立与求解1）问题一5.1 从
12、整体数据着手，运用MATLAB【1】和统计方法，对该城市五大功能区的8 种主要金属的含量进行空间分布，其结果如下：图 1）此图为调查区域的三维空间模型，从中我们可以直观看出调查区的三维形态，对于重金属元素含量的探究起到一定的作用。为了更好的体现重金属元素在各分区的含量和空间分布的效果，我们又对每种元素做了如下的图像。注：右图中:*代表生活区，x代表交通区，+代表山区，菱形代表工业区，正五边形代表公园绿地区）：图 2）文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4
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18、R9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4
19、W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U55/22 此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素As砷）的含量，峰值的高低代表元素含量的多少，可以很直观的看出该元素在此地区的分布情况，为了显示出在功能区的分布我们又做了右图，等高线代表元素含量的高低，各种标注点代表不一样的功能区。从中我们可以看出元素在各分区的分布情况，增强了图像的可读性。注：含量单位Asug*10/g）图 3）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Cd 图 4）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Cr 文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O
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24、1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:
25、CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O
26、1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U56/22 图 5）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Cu 图 6）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Hg 汞）的含量，峰值的高低代表元素含量的多少，可以很直观的看出该元素在此地区的分布情况，为了显示出在功能区的分布我们又做了右图，等高线代表元素含量的高低，各种标注点代表不一样的功能区。从中我们可以看出元素在各分区的分布情况，增强了图像的可读性。注：含量单位Hgng/kg）文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
27、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
28、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
29、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
30、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
31、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
32、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
33、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U57/22 图 7）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Ni镍）的含量，峰值的高低代表元素含量的多少，可以很直观的看出该元素在此地区的分布情况，为了显示出在功能区的分布我们又做了右图，等高线代表元素含量的高低，各种标注点代表不一样的功能区。从中我们可以看出元素在各分区的分布情况，增强了图像的可读性。注：含量单位Niug/g）图 8）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Pb铝）的含量，峰值的高低代表元素含量的多少，可以很直观的看出该元素在此地区的分布情况，为了显示出在功能区的分布我们又做
34、了右图，等高线代表元素含量的高低，各种标注点代表不一样的功能区。从中我们可以看出元素在各分区的分布情况，增强了图像的可读性。注：含量单位Pbug/g）文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O
35、1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:
36、CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O
37、1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:
38、CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O
39、1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:
40、CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U58/22 图 9）此左边的三维图表示的是重金属元素Zn锌）的含量，峰值的高低代表元素含量的多少，可以很直观的看出该元素在此地区的分布情况，为了显示出在功能区的分布我们又做了右图，等高线代表元素含量的高低，各种标
41、注点代表不一样的功能区。从中我们可以看出元素在各分区的分布情况，增强了图像的可读性。注：含量单位Znug/kg）从图中我们可以比较直观的看到区域的立体三维形态，为了能使元素分布及含量更好的展现在三维形态图上，我们对含量极少的元素进行了扩大化处理，由此可以从中比较出各重金属元素的含量相对大小。为了能更好的探究重金属元素区域的分布具体情况和在各个功能区分布的具体含量，我们又单独对每个区域进行了分析：5.2 运用 EXCEL和统计方法统计出不同功能区各重金属元素的平均含量以及建立条形统计图。Cd(ng/g Cr(g/g Cu(g/g Hg(ng/g Ni(g/g Pb(g/g Zn(g/g 生活区6
42、.27 289.96 69.02 49.40 93.04 18.34 69.11 237.01 工业区7.25 393.11 53.41 127.54 642.36 19.81 93.04 277.93 山区4.04 152.32 38.96 17.32 40.96 15.45 36.56 73.29 交通区5.71 360.01 58.05 62.21 446.82 17.62 63.53 242.85 公园绿地区6.26 280.54 43.64 30.19 114.99 15.29 60.71 154.24 文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
43、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
44、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
45、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
46、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
47、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8
48、L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5
49、文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U5文档编码:CW6H4W6T4O4 HZ8L1I8O1X3 ZR9B3H5W6U59/22 某城市不同区域各种重金属含量柱状图通过对该柱状图以及表1 的分析，可得到Zn 元素含量最多，其次是Cr，Cu和 Pb元素。在工业区内土壤污染最为严重，污染第二严重的是交通区，生活区，第三严重的是山区，公园绿地区。为了进一步研究各功能区各重金属的污染程度，我们采取如下方法：5.3 进行综合评价确定土壤污染程度。土壤污染评价是土壤环境质量现状评价的核心部分，主要包括单项 单因子）污染评价和多项 多因子）污染综合评价。5.3.1 先
50、对土壤重金属的单项污染指数进行评价，此单因子指数法是目前国内普遍采用的方法之一，计算公式为Pi=Ci/Si，此式中的 Pi为污染物 i 的土壤重金属污染指标,Ci为污染物 i 的实测值，Si为污染物 i 的背景值。土壤单项污染指数评价标准为：Pi1 表示污染，Pi=1 或 Pi2+(1/n Ci/Sij2 0.50.5Pij为 j 功能区综合污染指数，Ci为 i 重金属实测浓度，Sij为环境背景值，n 为重金属种类 n=8），计算城市不同功能区的土壤重金属污染指数。其中土壤污染评价标准见表 2.表 2）土壤内梅罗综合污染指数评价标准等级内梅罗综合污染指数污染等级P综0.7清洁0.7 P综1.0