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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date数学建模城市表层土壤重金属污染分析数学建模城市表层土壤重金属污染分析A题 城市表层土壤重金属污染分析摘要随着城市经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加,人类活动对城市环境质量的影响日显突出。通过对城市土壤重金属的调查,应用数学方法对数据进行处理。得到城市环境质量的演变,已是人们日益关注的焦点。对于问题一,用附件一中给出的数据,用matlab插值法建立三维模型,总共有9个图
2、,一个是取样地点的地形图,另外八个是八种重金属元素的浓度分布图,通过模型图我们可以清楚的看到各种元素不同的空间分布。然后通过均值法,算出不同区域内各种重金属元素的污染程度。对于问题二,通过对问题一结论的分析得出,生活区和工业区是污染比较厉害的地区。目前我国由于在重金属的开采、冶炼、加工过程中,造成不少重金属如铅、汞、镉、钴等进入大气、水、土壤引起严重的环境污染。人类生活中各种用品都含有不同量的重金属元素,比如说废旧电池,含有较多的汞、铬、锰、铅、镍、锌等重金属。它们通过自然和生物降解,随着雨水进入到土壤和河流当中。对于问题三,根据前两问的结论分析重金属的传播特征,主要有从高海拔到低海拔,从高浓
3、度区向低浓度区扩散。我们建立扩散模型,求出函数的极值,从而确定污染源的位置。对于问题四,我们仔细分析了模型的优缺点。为更好地研究城市地质环境的演变模式,还应收集该地区的每年生活、工业等重要污染源的垃圾排放量,以及每年的生物降解量,降雨量对重金属元素扩散的影响,空气污染也应该考虑进去。有了这些数据以后建立因子分析法,回归分析,曲线拟合等模型解决问题。关键词:插值法、均值法、扩散模型、因子分析、回归分析。一、问题重述与分析随着城市经济的快速发展和城市人口的不断增加,人类活动对城市环境质量的影响日显突出。对城市土壤地质环境异常的查证,以及如何应用查证获得的海量数据资料开展城市环境质量评价,研究人类活
4、动影响下城市地质环境的演变模式,日益成为人们关注的焦点。按照功能划分,城区一般可分为生活区、工业区、山区、主干道路区及公园绿地区等,分别记为1类区、2类区、5类区,不同的区域环境受人类活动影响的程度不同。现对某城市城区土壤地质环境进行调查。为此,将所考察的城区划分为间距1公里左右的网格子区域,按照每平方公里1个采样点对表层土(010 厘米深度)进行取样、编号,并用GPS记录采样点的位置。应用专门仪器测试分析,获得了每个样本所含的多种化学元素的浓度数据。另一方面,按照2公里的间距在那些远离人群及工业活动的自然区取样,将其作为该城区表层土壤中元素的背景值。附件1列出了采样点的位置、海拔高度及其所属
5、功能区等信息,附件2列出了8种主要重金属元素在采样点处的浓度,附件3列出了8种主要重金属元素的背景值。现在通过数学建模来完成以下任务:(1) 给出8种主要重金属元素在该城区的空间分布,并分析该城区内不同区域重金属的污染程度。(2) 通过数据分析,说明重金属污染的主要原因。(3) 分析重金属污染物的传播特征,由此建立模型,确定污染源的位置。(4) 分析你所建立模型的优缺点,为更好地研究城市地质环境的演变模式,还应收集什么信息?有了这些信息,如何建立模型解决问题?二、模型假设(1)污染源的重金属浓度不在增加。(2)取样点的数据较好的反映了该地区的污染物浓度。(3)测量的个别数据对整体没有影响。(4
6、)元素的扩散只与元素的含量的高低有关。三、符号约定i=1,2,3,8,分别对应8种金属元素,x表示距离参照点的横坐标y表示距离参照点的纵坐标表示i种金属的x,y处的含量(j=1,2,3,4,5,)表示种元素在j区的平均含量该地区i种元素的背景值k为考虑各差异可能会引起背景值的变动而取的系数(这里取1.5)。为土壤中污染中污染元素的实测值;为土壤中污染元素的背景值。四、模型的建立与求解问题一:该地区的空间模拟图该地区As的含量图该地区Cd含量图该地区Cr含量图该地区Cu含量图该地区Hg含量图该地区Ni含量图该地区Pb含量图该地区Zn含量图 八种元素含量在五区的饼状图污染程度表功能区HgNiPbZ
7、nlego分级lego分级lego分级lego分级工业区7.8905极严重污染6.50521极严重污染8.65240极严重污染6.45305极严重污染商业区2.8652中等-强污染2.2546轻度-中等污染2.2546轻度-中等污染2.2651中等-强污染居民区3.33051中等-强污染4.15656强污染4.65026强-极严重污染5.32465强-极严重污染农业区1.45210轻度-中等污染1.20565轻度-中等污染1.45302轻度-中等污染1.65789轻度-中等污染旅游区0.635无污染0.13546无污染0.2235无污染0.25648无污染功能区AsCdCrCulego分级le
8、go分级lego分级lego分级工业区6.25489极严重污染7.32105极严重污染9.26541极严重污染6.33548极严重污染商业区2.03548中等-强污染2.87540轻度-中等污染2.64545轻度-中等污染2.91003中等-强污染居民区1.32545轻度-中等污染1.35445轻度-中等污染5.02989强-极严重污染1.23655轻度-中等污染农业区0.96586轻度-中等污染0.85426中等-强污染0.25436轻度-中等污染0.87524中等-强污染旅游区0.23576轻度-中等污染0.55684无污染0.55345轻度-中等污染0.63145无污染扩散定律 扩散物质
9、在单位时间内沿法线方向 n 流过单位面积的曲面的质量与物质浓度 C ( x, y, z , t ) 沿法线方向 n 的方向导数 C 成正比. n 由扩散定律,扩散物质在时段 dt 内沿法线方向 n 流过面积为 dS 的曲面的质量 dm 为: dm = D ( x, y, z ) C dS dt n 其中 D ( x, y , z ) 为扩散系数,出现负号是由于物质总是由浓度高的一侧向浓度低的一侧渗 透. 任取一封闭曲面 ,它所围区域记为 ,则从时刻 t1 到时刻 t2 进入此闭曲面的物质质 量为 m = D( x, y, z ) t1 t2 C dS dt n C C 由高斯公式 D( x,
10、y, z) n dS = x ( D x ) + y ( D y ) + z ( D z )dV , C C m = t1 t2 C C C (D ) + (D ) + (D )dV dt x x y y z z 同时,物质渗透到区域 内,使得内部的浓度发生变化,在时间间隔 t1 , t1 内,浓度 由 C ( x, y, z , t1 ) 变化为 C ( x, y, z , t2 ) ,增加的物质质量为 (C ( x, y, z, t2 ) C ( x, y, z, t1 )dV = ( t2 t1 t2 C C dt )dV = ( dV )dt t1 t t 由质量守恒即有 x ( D
11、x ) + y ( D y ) + z ( D z )dV dt = ( t t1 t1 t2 C C C t2 C dV )dt 于是得到扩散方程 C C C C = (D ) + (D ) + (D ) t x x y y z z 若扩散系数 D ( x, y , z ) 为常数,则扩散方程为 C 2 C 2 C 2C = D( 2 + 2 + 2 ) t x y z问题四:对于问题四,我们仔细分析了模型的优缺点。为更好地研究城市地质环境的演变模式,还应收集该地区的每年生活、工业等重要污染源的垃圾排放量,以及每年的生物降解量,降雨量对重金属元素扩散的影响,空气污染也应该考虑进去。有了这些数
12、据以后建立因子分析法,回归分析,曲线拟合等模型解决问题。五、模型的评价与推广1)本文把所解决的问题归结为优化问题,建立的数学模型清晰合理。2)运用MATLAB和LINGO软件处理数据和进行运算,降低运算量,简单易行,有很大的可操作性。且所得数据较为合理可靠。3)运用因子分析模型解题,全面可靠。4)但在实际运用本方案中还应考虑后来污染因素对模型的影响,在应用的过程中根据实际情况进行灵活改变。六、参考文献1 肖华勇.基于MATLAB和LINGO的数学实验M.西安:西安工业大学出版社,2009(3).1142 张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版M.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2003(3).313
13、3 邢文训,谢金星. 现代优化算法M. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999.4 姜启源 谢金星 . 叶俊 数学模型M,北京,2003.七、附录x=74,1373,1321,0,1049,1647,2883,2383,2708,2933,4233,4043,2427,3526,5062,4777,5868,6534,5481,4592,2486,3299,3573,4741,5375,5635,5394,5291,4742,4948,5567,7004,7304,7048,8180,9328,9090,8049,8077,8017,6869,7056,7747,8457,9460,9062,93
14、19,10631,10685,10643,11702,11730,11482,10700,10630,11678,11902,13244,12746,12855,13797,14325,15467,12442,13093,13920,14844,16569,16387,16061,15658,14298,14177,15092,12778,17044,17087,17075,17962,18413,19007,18738,17814,18134,17198,17144,18393,19767,21006,21091,22846,23664,22304,21418,21439,20554,201
15、01,21072,20215,18993,19968,21766,22674,22535,25221,26453,26416,27816,25361,24065,25998,27177,26424,26073,24631,24702,25461,24813,26086,26015,27700,27696,27346,26591,27823,27232,24580,24153,22965,23198,24685,28654,24003,21684,22193,17079,15255,15007,3518,3469,3762,3927,4153,3267,4684,5495,5664,5541,5
16、451,4020,4026,5101,5438,5382,5314,5503,5636,6605,7093,7100,6837,7906,8045,8394,8403,8079,9663,9469,9178,9095,10225,10210,10340,11557,11415,11649,12734,12696,12400,12591,13765,13694,13855,14862,14896,15387,15810,16032,15801,15087,16872,17734,16823,17008,17203,17005,16947,16301,17904,18303,18438,18556
17、,18954,18012,19072,20282,21475,21450,20261,19569,19411,19501,20582,19909,21018,22176,23359,23238,22624,21703,5006,5734,6395,7405,8446,7612,7912,8866,9296,9475,9212,8629,7776,8622,9237,8307,7106,6423,7458,8904,10547,10398,10395,11529,11563,11646,12641,14000,14207,14065,12734,12727,14173,15467,15140,1
18、5198,15248,16428,16289,16267,16440,16440,15412,14269,13277,13175,12153,11958,10800,10022,9333,9277,11121,10856,12644,12625,9036,10599,12632,14405,14074,14262,14624,16629,18470,20591,20983,20177,19041,18906,18467,17414,15748,15517,16607,15952,22605,23146,22046,23785,25981,27380,25021,23325,26852,1798
19、1,14482,14318,10352,9095,10510,13954,10142,17765,6924,4678,6182,5985,7653;y=781,731,1791,1787,2127,2728,3617,3692,2295,1767,895,1895,3971,4357,4339,4897,4904,5641,6004,4603,5999,6018,6213,6434,8643,7965,8631,7349,7293,7293,6782,6226,5230,4600,4496,4311,5365,5439,6401,7210,7286,8348,8260,8991,8311,76
20、39,6799,6472,5528,4472,4480,5532,6354,8184,8774,8618,7709,7056,8450,8945,9621,8666,8658,4329,4339,5354,5519,6055,6609,7352,7594,7418,6684,6936,5799,10691,11933,12924,12823,11721,11488,10921,10707,10046,9810,9081,9183,8810,8819,9482,9149,9790,10527,10721,11383,11228,10774,10404,9951,12371,12961,12348
21、,12173,11293,5795,5577,6508,5581,6423,7353,7032,7771,8639,8807,9422,9522,9834,10799,11094,12078,11609,11621,13331,13715,14737,14482,13319,12450,13535,13523,14278,8755,15286,13101,12185,5894,5110,5535,2571,2308,2170,2110,2299,793,1364,1205,1653,2093,2757,2990,3913,4080,3994,3012,2060,1127,133,374,138
22、1,2449,3490,3978,3052,2035,1075,0,1288,2286,3299,3975,3821,2789,1764,1581,2585,3515,4015,3024,2060,1063,1353,2357,3345,2524,1603,729,2307,3061,3966,3512,2798,3629,4207,4775,6218,7212,7487,8299,8287,7385,6539,5588,4874,4414,8519,8590,8540,7555,7586,7348,6934,6091,6548,5300,5764,5492,5325,6502,4818,65
23、91,8846,9659,10443,10981,11200,11938,12840,13143,13102,12000,11305,12086,10613,10638,9872,9726,9467,8831,8920,8868,9591,10360,11203,11243,10298,9381,9560,8970,9980,10987,10344,7691,11941,12080,11101,10100,9106,9069,10072,11058,12068,13232,12982,12877,13204,12238,12336,13313,13282,12204,14631,16148,1
24、6432,14727,14943,16259,17538,17980,17949,18032,16516,15129,14004,14481,14411,13549,15862,17642,15769,16346,17001,15476,15728,17034,17365,18397,14301,15382,17634,17643,18051,18202,16290,16701,16114,18449,12692,13569,17133,16414,15314,5615,1662,3561,5696,3765,2005,2567,1952;As=7.84, 5.93 ,4.90 ,6.56 ,
25、6.35 ,14.08 ,8.94 ,9.62 ,7.41 ,8.72 ,5.93 ,9.17 ,5.72 ,4.49 ,5.51 ,11.45 ,6.14 ,7.84 ,7.41 ,8.50 ,5.51 ,9.84 ,9.39 ,3.30 ,4.09 ,6.14 ,5.31 ,3.69 ,21.87 ,18.38 ,10.53 ,3.50 ,6.35 ,5.51 ,4.49 ,3.50 ,5.51 ,4.29 ,4.29 ,6.56 ,16.58 ,7.41 ,5.93 ,4.69 ,4.90 ,5.31 ,4.29 ,5.51 ,4.69 ,7.20 ,5.31 ,4.90 ,4.90 ,
26、3.89 ,3.69 ,3.11 ,3.89 ,3.89 ,2.91 ,3.30 ,4.90 ,4.09 ,2.91 ,2.72 ,3.11 ,3.30 ,3.30 ,6.14 ,3.69 ,4.49 ,3.11 ,8.06 ,3.69 ,3.69 ,3.50 ,2.72 ,8.50 ,1.77 ,2.53 ,3.69 ,6.14 ,10.99 ,6.35 ,30.13 ,3.89 ,2.91 ,1.96 ,6.98 ,2.91 ,5.93 ,5.93 ,7.41 ,4.29 ,4.69 ,5.72 ,6.77 ,4.49 ,3.11 ,2.91 ,4.29 ,7.63 ,5.93 ,2.34
27、 ,2.91 ,5.72 ,2.34 ,6.56 ,4.69 ,6.35 ,5.10 ,4.69 ,3.50 ,4.69 ,4.49 ,3.30 ,2.91 ,4.09 ,5.72 ,4.90 ,4.90 ,4.09 ,5.93 ,2.91 ,2.72 ,2.34 ,2.53 ,3.89 ,2.34 ,2.34 ,1.96 ,2.72 ,3.11 ,3.50 ,2.72 ,1.77 ,3.50 ,2.53 ,9.17 ,7.41 ,5.72 ,8.06 ,5.72 ,8.72 ,6.77 ,6.56 ,6.77 ,6.98 ,6.14 ,6.69 ,8.00 ,6.69 ,8.23 ,9.35
28、 ,8.90 ,3.77 ,5.41 ,7.78 ,5.62 ,5.41 ,4.58 ,6.91 ,5.00 ,5.62 ,6.91 7.78 ,6.26 ,7.56 ,4.79 ,2.77 ,6.26 ,7.34 ,4.17 ,5.00 ,7.56 ,5.62 ,6.05 ,4.79 ,23.72 ,6.47 ,4.17 ,5.00 ,4.17 ,6.26 ,5.00 ,1.61 ,4.58 ,5.41 ,3.57 ,2.00 ,3.37 ,6.47 ,3.37 ,6.91 ,2.38 ,7.56 ,8.67 ,4.79 ,5.41 ,5.83 ,5.62 ,4.38 ,2.77 ,5.41
29、 ,5.62 ,6.69 ,7.56 ,2.77 ,1.61 ,5.62 ,2.97 ,4.58 ,5.20 ,3.17 ,5.00 ,7.56 ,5.20 ,6.05 ,2.77 ,2.38 ,5.20 ,8.67 ,5.41 ,7.12 ,4.58 ,8.23 ,4.58 ,6.05 ,8.23 ,4.17 ,3.97 ,10.74 ,3.77 ,10.27 ,5.20 ,6.47 ,6.47 ,8.90 ,3.37 ,6.69 ,4.17 ,8.23 ,4.38 ,5.20 ,5.20 ,5.41 ,5.00 ,9.58 ,3.17 ,3.77 ,9.13 ,7.34 ,5.62 ,4.
30、79 ,5.20 ,3.37 ,7.34 ,3.57 ,4.38 ,5.41 ,4.38 ,5.62 ,6.05 ,6.26 ,5.20 ,6.91 ,4.58 ,8.67 ,6.47 ,7.12 ,3.77 ,5.41 ,10.97 ,9.81 ,8.23 ,5.41 ,2.77 ,7.78 ,6.47 ,5.62 ,3.77 ,3.57 ,4.38 ,6.91 ,7.12 ,4.38 ,3.97 ,8.00 ,3.57 ,3.37 ,3.17 ,2.97 ,7.12 ,5.62 ,5.83 ,3.97 ,3.17 ,2.77 ,3.17 ,2.97 ,3.17 ,1.80 ,3.17 ,3
31、.77 ,4.79 ,3.57 ,6.47 ,7.34 ,8.23 ,10.74 ,11.68 ,7.34 ,6.05 ,5.41 ,6.26 ,6.47 ,6.47 ,4.79 ,7.56 ,9.35 ;cx=0:100:30000;cy=0:100:30000;cAs=griddata(x,y,As,cx,cy,cubic);meshz(cx,cy,cAs)x=74,1373,1321,0,1049,1647,2883,2383,2708,2933,4233,4043,2427,3526,5062,4777,5868,6534,5481,4592,2486,3299,3573,4741,5
32、375,5635,5394,5291,4742,4948,5567,7004,7304,7048,8180,9328,9090,8049,8077,8017,6869,7056,7747,8457,9460,9062,9319,10631,10685,10643,11702,11730,11482,10700,10630,11678,11902,13244,12746,12855,13797,14325,15467,12442,13093,13920,14844,16569,16387,16061,15658,14298,14177,15092,12778,17044,17087,17075,
33、17962,18413,19007,18738,17814,18134,17198,17144,18393,19767,21006,21091,22846,23664,22304,21418,21439,20554,20101,21072,20215,18993,19968,21766,22674,22535,25221,26453,26416,27816,25361,24065,25998,27177,26424,26073,24631,24702,25461,24813,26086,26015,27700,27696,27346,26591,27823,27232,24580,24153,
34、22965,23198,24685,28654,24003,21684,22193,17079,15255,15007,3518,3469,3762,3927,4153,3267,4684,5495,5664,5541,5451,4020,4026,5101,5438,5382,5314,5503,5636,6605,7093,7100,6837,7906,8045,8394,8403,8079,9663,9469,9178,9095,10225,10210,10340,11557,11415,11649,12734,12696,12400,12591,13765,13694,13855,14
35、862,14896,15387,15810,16032,15801,15087,16872,17734,16823,17008,17203,17005,16947,16301,17904,18303,18438,18556,18954,18012,19072,20282,21475,21450,20261,19569,19411,19501,20582,19909,21018,22176,23359,23238,22624,21703,5006,5734,6395,7405,8446,7612,7912,8866,9296,9475,9212,8629,7776,8622,9237,8307,
36、7106,6423,7458,8904,10547,10398,10395,11529,11563,11646,12641,14000,14207,14065,12734,12727,14173,15467,15140,15198,15248,16428,16289,16267,16440,16440,15412,14269,13277,13175,12153,11958,10800,10022,9333,9277,11121,10856,12644,12625,9036,10599,12632,14405,14074,14262,14624,16629,18470,20591,20983,2
37、0177,19041,18906,18467,17414,15748,15517,16607,15952,22605,23146,22046,23785,25981,27380,25021,23325,26852,17981,14482,14318,10352,9095,10510,13954,10142,17765,6924,4678,6182,5985,7653;y=781,731,1791,1787,2127,2728,3617,3692,2295,1767,895,1895,3971,4357,4339,4897,4904,5641,6004,4603,5999,6018,6213,6
38、434,8643,7965,8631,7349,7293,7293,6782,6226,5230,4600,4496,4311,5365,5439,6401,7210,7286,8348,8260,8991,8311,7639,6799,6472,5528,4472,4480,5532,6354,8184,8774,8618,7709,7056,8450,8945,9621,8666,8658,4329,4339,5354,5519,6055,6609,7352,7594,7418,6684,6936,5799,10691,11933,12924,12823,11721,11488,10921
39、,10707,10046,9810,9081,9183,8810,8819,9482,9149,9790,10527,10721,11383,11228,10774,10404,9951,12371,12961,12348,12173,11293,5795,5577,6508,5581,6423,7353,7032,7771,8639,8807,9422,9522,9834,10799,11094,12078,11609,11621,13331,13715,14737,14482,13319,12450,13535,13523,14278,8755,15286,13101,12185,5894
40、,5110,5535,2571,2308,2170,2110,2299,793,1364,1205,1653,2093,2757,2990,3913,4080,3994,3012,2060,1127,133,374,1381,2449,3490,3978,3052,2035,1075,0,1288,2286,3299,3975,3821,2789,1764,1581,2585,3515,4015,3024,2060,1063,1353,2357,3345,2524,1603,729,2307,3061,3966,3512,2798,3629,4207,4775,6218,7212,7487,8
41、299,8287,7385,6539,5588,4874,4414,8519,8590,8540,7555,7586,7348,6934,6091,6548,5300,5764,5492,5325,6502,4818,6591,8846,9659,10443,10981,11200,11938,12840,13143,13102,12000,11305,12086,10613,10638,9872,9726,9467,8831,8920,8868,9591,10360,11203,11243,10298,9381,9560,8970,9980,10987,10344,7691,11941,12
42、080,11101,10100,9106,9069,10072,11058,12068,13232,12982,12877,13204,12238,12336,13313,13282,12204,14631,16148,16432,14727,14943,16259,17538,17980,17949,18032,16516,15129,14004,14481,14411,13549,15862,17642,15769,16346,17001,15476,15728,17034,17365,18397,14301,15382,17634,17643,18051,18202,16290,1670
43、1,16114,18449,12692,13569,17133,16414,15314,5615,1662,3561,5696,3765,2005,2567,1952;Cd=153.80 ,146.20 ,439.20 ,223.90 ,525.20 ,1092.90 ,269.80 ,1066.20 ,1123.90 ,267.10 ,201.40 ,287.00 ,193.70 ,359.50 ,516.40 ,1044.50 ,445.40 ,347.90 ,345.70 ,614.00 ,257.20 ,1213.50 ,325.80 ,212.10 ,90.50 ,583.40 ,3
44、66.40 ,323.90 ,424.50 ,630.00 ,635.30 ,463.40 ,532.00 ,778.70 ,754.80 ,396.30 ,687.80 ,526.00 ,449.10 852.70 ,459.00 ,337.30 ,568.10 ,599.00 ,635.50 ,600.70 ,567.60 ,228.50 ,568.60 ,214.70 ,151.90 ,343.30 ,293.90 ,312.90 ,315.90 ,416.30 ,374.00 ,344.30 ,252.90 ,503.40 ,303.80 ,127.00 ,265.00 ,278.90
45、 ,751.20 ,361.30 ,488.00 ,227.00 ,347.40 ,136.00 ,327.10 ,113.10 ,270.50 ,160.30 ,305.50 ,70.90 ,261.30 ,119.80 ,468.80 ,150.70 ,100.30 ,109.80 ,91.80 ,743.90 ,416.80 ,369.80 ,194.00 ,50.10 ,198.80 ,886.60 ,128.90 ,114.30 ,232.90 ,132.80 ,1619.80 ,282.50 ,180.60 ,386.60 ,345.00 ,95.60 ,87.10 ,203.00
46、 ,353.00 ,233.20 ,174.30 ,87.60 ,245.60 ,167.90 ,111.40 ,94.60 ,111.60 ,85.50 ,169.50 ,138.00 ,131.40 ,41.00 ,129.70 ,148.00 ,108.10 ,132.50 ,162.90 ,88.80 ,206.70 ,121.80 ,231.10 ,128.60 ,126.80 ,79.70 ,294.10 ,238.30 ,109.30 ,69.40 ,155.70 ,109.30 ,205.50 ,53.20 ,40.00 ,82.80 ,222.40 ,164.80 ,194.
47、00 ,310.10 ,1024.90 ,492.80 ,202.30 ,97.20 ,208.60 ,143.40 ,158.10 ,332.60 ,401.80 ,756.40 ,407.50 ,307.30 ,242.10 ,178.90 ,315.50 ,134.60 ,235.60 ,203.80 ,568.50 ,506.50 ,880.00 ,250.30 ,161.90 ,249.40 ,248.20 ,156.30 ,120.30 ,429.20 ,205.10 ,113.80 ,221.30 ,580.10 ,171.00 ,365.00 ,289.70 ,452.10 ,847.60 ,310.70 ,317.50 ,357.50 ,387.20 ,196.50 ,295.80 ,129.00 ,204.90 ,174.80 ,197.00 ,106.70 ,738.00 ,788.70 ,133.10 ,149.50 ,206.60 ,78.90 ,178.60 ,250.10 ,89.20 ,453.50 ,92.40 ,198.70 ,260.10 ,101.10 ,146.50 ,66.50 ,119.00 ,434.80 ,188.00 ,77.50 ,1