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1、Unit 1 Great Scientists语言要点单元要点预览旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点词汇局部词语辨析1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse词形变化1.2.value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价3. instruct v. 教诲， 命令instruction n. 指示，用法说明instructive adj.有益的，教育性的4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiasm
2、 n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者重点单词1. conclude v. 断定， 得出结论; 完毕正式；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并5. blame n过失, 责备 vt.责备, 谴责6. instruct vt .教, 教诲, 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi& vt捐助，捐献，奉献；投稿重点词组put forward 提出：提议以供考虑 in addition/ apart f
3、rom 除之外;另外make sense 有意义重点句子1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .重点语法过去分
4、词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) I.词语辨析 1). character/characteristic n. 【解释】character 性格，品质 本身具有的；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic 特点，特征区别于其他事物【练习】选择character 或characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.2） People living in the city ar
5、e different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for themselves as much as possible.Keys: 1) character 2) character
6、3) characteristics 4) character 5) character2). examine/ check /test 检查【解释】examine仔细观察或观察以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病check检查 含有“校对或“找错的意思test 检查，检测以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否到达了一定的标准【练习】选择 check , examine 或 test，并用其适当的形式填空1I was being _ for a driving license for the third time.2The doctor _ him carefully.3The interviewer al
7、ways _ her facts before sending them to the editor.Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks3) cure/ treat 治疗，【解释】cure 表示治愈的结果treat 表示治疗的过程【练习】选择cure 或treat 并用其适当的形式填空1) After being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last. Keys: 1) treated; cured4) blame/scold 责备【解释】blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为
8、的谴责或惩罚：scold 斥责、“责骂指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈【练习】1Dont _ it on him, but on me.2The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded5) reject /refuse 拒绝【解释】reject 后接名词，含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表“谢绝【练习】选择refuse 或reject 并用其适当的形式填空1The Christian Church _ his
9、 theory, saying it was against Gods idea.2I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works.Keys: 1) rejected 2) refuses II. 词形变化science n，科学announce v宣布announcer n，播送员，告知者instruct v.指导，命令instruction n.指导，指示instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的en
10、thusiasm n.狂热，热心enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者value n. 价值value v. 估价, 评价【练习】根据句子构造，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) The _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bo
11、ttom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea. “I dont mind, she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) There is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value)keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4
12、) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable 重点词汇1. conclude vi.终结； 完毕; 推断； 决定典例1The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 会议于十点钟完毕。2It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。重点用法 conclusion n. 完毕,结论makedrawreachcome toarrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论；bring sth. to a conclusion使完毕；in conclusion作为结论，最后；练习 汉译英1） 我们推定蓝队无
13、法按时抵达目的地。_2） 我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。 _Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didnt tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(及to连用)=do with2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after典例 1Well attend to the problem l
14、ater 稍后我们将关注那个问题。2Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?重点用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school上学attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼/参加典礼练习 汉译英1） 他们在我们不在时管理事务。_2) 他在这个领域很知名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。_Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous
15、in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.3. expose vt.1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露重点用法 exposure n(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n)；(摄影的)曝光be exposed to .置身于;暴露于 典例 1A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2This film has been ex
16、posed. 这片子已经感光。3He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个方案。4Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.练习用expose的恰当形式填空。1The soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock 2The baby was left _t
17、he wind and rain 3The _of the plot against the President probably saved his lifeKeys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure4. absorb 1) 吸收 2)使(精神)贯注 3)占用(时间)重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;absorb ones attention吸引某人注意力典例1The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分2He is absorbed in study
18、. 他专心读书。3This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。练习 汉译英1） 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。_2） 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。_Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb childrens attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.5. blame vt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；(过失、过错等)责任典例1)The careless driver
19、is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪教师。重点用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意: be to bla
20、me 应负责 (无被动形式)。练习 汉译英1看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了._2这件事谁也不能怨._3他指责你玩忽职守._Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.6. instruct vt教诲; 指示典例 1Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘教师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2The volunteers often go to an orphan
21、 home to instruct orphans. in English这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教诲,传授技能instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,instruct that-clause通知练习 汉译英1老职工对青年职工言传身教._2同时要求孩子们放学
22、后留在教室里._Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.7. contribute vi&vt捐助，捐献，奉献；投稿典例1He contributed to the church他向教会捐款。2He often contributes to this newspaper他经常向这家报社投稿。3Cigarette smo
23、king is a major factor contributing to cancer吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法 contribution. n. 捐献，奉献；投稿 contributeto 向捐献(投稿) contribute to促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution totowards向捐赠；对作出奉献注意: 以上短语中to为介词； 练习用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。 1) Everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.2) Her work has _ our understanding of th
24、is difficult subject.3) She has _ poems to literary magazinesKeys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed 重点词组 旨在提供综合运用所需材料1put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例 1He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一个新方案。2May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席
25、?短语归纳 put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to完毕；终止 put off推迟；延期； put ones heart into全神贯注于 put down写下 put out生产；扑灭 put back放回；送回 put up举起；张贴练习用put构成的短语填空:1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _ the books when youve finished with them2)He often _ some useful advice.Keys: 1) put bac
26、k 2) puts forward2apart from 除之外;另外典例1Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的教师。2Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不管价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳 in addition to除之外(还有,包括在内) besides 除之外(还有,包括在内) except (for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内) except that 除了除之外(还有,不包括在内)练习选择以上短语填空。1) As a senio
27、r student, we study other subjects _ English.2) Your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for3. make sense讲得通；有意义 典例 What he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上
28、是真实的。短语归纳make no sense讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 练习 汉译英1） 教师试了许屡次，但这个长句依然讲不通。_2） 从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。_Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.V重点句子 旨在提供句子构造等所需材料1. So many thousands of ter
29、rified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释 every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就典例1Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。2Immediately he saw the message, he
30、 knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。练习 汉译英每次我去找他，他都在专心看书_我一见到她就把这本书给了她。_我一见到他就把这封信给他。_我一接到你的信就来了。 _Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him4) I came
31、 directly I got the letter 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装练习汉译英) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的珍贵_Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only
32、when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星那么围绕着太阳转解释with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合构造在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1With the old ma
33、n leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。练习 汉译英1） 教师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友_2） 随着考试的完毕，我们的假期开场了_Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.2) With the tes
34、t finished, we began our holiday.课文要点模块课文词汇等填空旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called King Cholera hit Londoners, which often 1 导致large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Sn
35、ow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 受害者had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 检查immediately. Final
36、ly King Cholera 10 (defeat). 答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7. victims 8. polluted 9. be examined 10. was defeated课文大意概括 旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语 这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是19世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。 The main idea of this passage is
37、 that _答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.课文佳句背诵及仿写 旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in La
38、ndon( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 模仿要点两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。【模仿1】. 张教师是个热心的教师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。_答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入语), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.