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1、宾语从句一、关于宾语1. 宾语是动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后面。如：Our team beat all the others.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。2.有时为了强调，宾语也可以放在句首，如：Two weeks you shall have .你可以有两周的时间。3.名词作宾语 Face the facts!4.代词作宾语 They wont hurt us.5. 数词作宾语 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10二、宾语从句的用法 宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就叫做宾语从句。三、宾语从句结构1、
2、主句+ that（无词义，可省略）+从句（陈述句语序）2、主句+ whether / if （是否）+从句（陈述句语序）3、主句+疑问词+从句（陈述句语序） 四、宾语从句的引导词引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类。1、that 引导的宾语从句原句如果是陈述句，变宾语从句时要用 that 引导，that 无实义，只起到引导的作用。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。如:(1)I think (that) I can sell newspapers. 我想我可以卖报纸。(2) I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。
3、(3) Do you think (that) the children need to write. 你认为孩子们需要写一首歌吗？(4)Maria says (that) she doesnt like the uniforms. 玛丽亚说她不喜欢校服。2、whether/if引导的宾语从句原句若是一般疑问句，变宾语从句时用whether /if 引导，whether /if意为“是否”。如： (1)I want to know whether / if people will leave as soon as they finish eating in western countries.
4、 我想知道西方国家的人是否是一吃完饭就离开。(2)Could you tell me if /whether its polite to speak loudly at the table ? 你能不能告诉我吃饭时大声讲话是否有礼貌？(3) I dont know if/whether you are right. 我不知道你是否正确。注意：whether/if 引导的宾语从句用法区别用whether /if “是否”引导的宾语从句，通常情况下whether /if 可以互换。但以下情况 whether 不能 用if 换：（1）Whether后面紧跟有or not时。如：I dont know
5、 whether or not it rains. 我不知道是否会下雨。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。（2）在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。（3）在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont k
6、now whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。（4）whether 引导主语从句位于句首首时。如：Whether they will go by air or by train hasnt decided. 他们是乘飞机去还是乘火车去还没有定下来。（5）有些动词 (如：discuss) 后面只能跟whether，不能跟if。 如：We discussed whether we should let him join our team.我们商量是否让他加入我们队
7、。（6）whether 可以及虚词it连用，并可引导不定式，但if 不能这样用。 如：Its not clear whether he will be able to come。他是否会来还不清楚（7）引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。（8）若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like t
8、he book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3、疑问词引导的宾语从句原句如果是特殊疑问句，变宾语从句时要用特殊疑问词引导。疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose) 和疑问副词（when, how, where, why)。 如：Do you know who that man is over there ? 你知道那边那个人是谁吗？You may ask what
9、North American people wear on special days.你也许会问北美洲的人在特殊的日子里穿什么衣服。I ask Tom which Chinese dish is his favorite.我问汤姆他最喜欢的是那一道中国菜。I dont know who will come to the English corner.我不知道谁会来英语角。Can you tell me how you deal with the problem ? 你能告诉我你怎样解决这个问题吗？Can you tell me where they are ?你能告诉我他们在哪里吗 ?I as
10、k him why his hot dogs are so popular. 我问他为什么他的热狗这么受欢迎。五、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序一定要使用陈述句语序。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：（1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？（2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在
11、从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。（3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中
12、不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？（4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道
13、这是谁的钢笔。六、 宾语从句主句及从句时态一致的问题（1）如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用相应的任何时态。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。（2）如果主句是过去时，宾语从句只可根据需要选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it hap
14、pened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。（3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。七. 宾语从句口诀宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理，一般现在就可以。引导词也不难，陈述可用that连。一般问句表“是否”，if或whether来引导。特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行。还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。高中宾语从句练习题及答案详解1.The place
15、_interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do yo
16、u know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken
17、place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. whic
18、h you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to wh
19、om B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 1
20、6.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novel
21、s B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thir
22、ds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou
23、is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28
24、.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I
25、 have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C. for which D. w
26、ith which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was v
27、ery kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when
28、 D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farme
29、rs, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. t
30、hat followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A.
31、this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _
32、 eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6C. 解
33、析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a
34、 pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
35、16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定
36、语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
37、23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名. 26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the d
38、ay都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。 29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why
39、was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题. 34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句. 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语
40、或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制
41、性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。 44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。 46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
42、 47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见35题。 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。第 5 页