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1、湖南专版新课标（RJ）第二篇语法突破篇语法互动13宾语从句和定语从句【中考考点中考考点】(1)宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。(2)宾语从句的简化形式。(3)关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。(4)关系代词的特殊用法。中考考点直击考点一考点一引导词1.在that 引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。2.连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,从句要用陈述语序。Could you tell m
2、e to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?宾语从句what he said中考考点直击3.whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语从句时,从句改用陈述语序。I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 注意 下列几种情况通常只用whether不用if:(1)具有选择意义且又有or或or not,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether;(2)介词之后用whether;(3)不定式前用whether。if/whether中考考点直击考点二考点二时态1.当主句为过去时态时,从句要用
3、相应的过去时态。We asked what Joan was doing then.我们问琼那时正在做什么。2.当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要用一般现在时。Our teacher told us light faster than sound. 我们老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。travels/goes中考考点直击考点三考点三语序1.陈述句改为宾语从句时,语序不变。He is a good child. The teacher said.The teacher said (that) he was a good child.老师说他是个好孩子。2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为
4、宾语从句时,语序改为陈述语序。Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder if/whether . 我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leave?I dont know.I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。【拓展】宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what . 我不知道要说什么。he works hardto say中考考点直击考点一考点一关系代词的基本用法引导
5、定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。关系代词的基本用法:定语从句功能情况作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose中考考点直击考点二考点二关系代词的特殊用法that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。1.下列情况只能用that(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.你要做的就是每天练习。T
6、here isnt much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。(2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。The first lesson (that) I had will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最好的一部电影。(3)先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已经读完了你给我
7、的所有的书。中考考点直击(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。The white flower is the only one that I really like.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。This is the very book I want to read. 这就是我想看的那本书。(5)当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那边的那个人是谁?Which of us that know something about p
8、hysics doesnt know this?在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?(6)当先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。 thatthat中考考点直击(7)time作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时,定语从句用 that 来引导(that可省略);如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时,既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次
9、给你们上课了。The first time (that) I saw him was in 2015.我第一次见到他是在2015年。2.下列情况只能用which(1)关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。This is the book for you ask. 这是你要的书。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很感人,我已经读了三遍了。which中考考点直击考点三考点三关系副词的用法1.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得第一次来北京的那天。 2.where 在从句中作状语,表示地点。This is the factory I worked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作过的那个工厂。 3.why在从句中作状语,表示原因。I know the reason he came late. 我知道他来晚的原因。whenwhereWhy