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1、初中英语语法总结大全大局部初中生觉得初中英语语法不仅枯燥、而且困难,迟迟无法驾驭。那么初中英语语法包括哪些内容呢?下面由学习啦我为大家整理的初中英语语法总结大全,盼望大家喜爱! 初中英语语法总结大全 九种根本时态 一、一般此时此刻时 概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。 如: 1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常) 2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态) 构成: 1) 主语
2、+ be (am / are / is ) + 2) 主语 + 实义动词 + 二、一般过去时 概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday , last week , in 11018 , two days ago等。 如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。 2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 如: He always went to work by bike last week. 构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) + 2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 + 三
3、、此时此刻进展时 概念: 表示此时此刻(说话瞬间)正在进展或发生的动作。 如:He is singing.They are watching TV now. 构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成. 四、过去进展时 概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进展的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文示意外,一般用时间状语来表示。 如: 1) -What were you doing? -I was jumping. 2) -What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived? -He was sleeping. 构成:
4、主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成. 五、一般将来时 概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。 如: He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week. 构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 + 2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + . 六、过去将来时 概念: 表示在过去将
5、来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 + 2) 主语 + would + 动原 + . 3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原 用法:过去将来时除了上下文示意外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。 如: 1) I should go. 2) You knew I would come. 3) They were going to Naning. 七、此时此刻完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 + 用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对此时此刻造成的影响
6、或结果 如: -Have you had your lunch yet? -Yes, I have. (此时此刻我不饿了。) 八、此时此刻完成进展时 概念: 表示从过去某一时间起先持续到此时此刻的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚起先,也可能仍在接着,并可能持续到将来。 构成: 主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing + 如: 1) I have been sitting here for an hour. 2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years. 九、过去完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 had +
7、动词过去分词 + 用法:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是过去的过去。表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。 如: I had finished my homework when my mom came back home. 三大从句 一、宾语从句 宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。 例如: He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 他说长大后想当一名教师。 宾语从句的连接词: 宾语从句的连接词包
8、括that、if/whether(是否)、特别疑问词。 宾语从句的语序: A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。 例如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow. 我想知道他明天是否能来。 B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面干脆加谓语动词。 例如:She asked me who had helped him. 她问我谁协助了他。 宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀即可:主现那么从任,主过那么从过,客观真理一般现 A. 主现那么从任:主句假如是一般此时此刻时,那么从句依据时间状语须要从八种时态中任选一种。 例如:1.He tell
9、s me he studied English in England last year. 他告知我他去年在英国学习英语。 B. 主过那么从过:主句假如是一般过去时,那么从句依据时间状语须要从四种带过字的时态中任选一种,带过字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进展时,过去将来时,过去完成时。 例如:He told me that he liked playing football. 他告知我他喜爱踢足球。 C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理恒久用一般此时此刻时。 例如:He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮围着地球转。 二、状语从句 1. 时间状语从句
10、:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 时间状语从句的连接词:when(当.时候),while(当.时候) as(当.时候),after(在.以后),before(在.以前) as soon as(一.就.),since(自从.到此时此刻),till/until(直到.才.),by the time(到.的时候) 例如: Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. 莫扎特四岁时起先创作音乐。 2. 条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。 条件状语从句的连接词:if, unless(除非),as long as(只要) 例如:
11、If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 假如明天不下雨,我们将去远足。 留意:在时间和条件状语从句中,必须要符合主将从现原那么。如上面例句,条件状语 If it doesnt rain tomorrow用一般此时此刻时,主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。 3. 缘由状语从句:在一个句子中作缘由状语的句子。 缘由状语从句的连接词:because, since, as,now that 例如:I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill. 因为我生病了,所以昨天没去上学。 三
12、、定语从句 定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。 例如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语) 我给我的教师一束美丽的花。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 例如:I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital. 我相识了一位第一医院的医生。 定语从句的关系词: 关系代词:who、which、whom、whose、that 关系副词:when、where、why 初中英语语法的句型构造归纳 一、接不定式(而不接动名词
13、)作宾语的24个常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.支配做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 确定做某事 decide to do sth. 确定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期盼做某事 fear to do sth. 胆怯做某事 help
14、to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 盼望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 打算做某事 prepare to do sth. 打算做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 容许做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 盼望做某事 注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词
15、: aim to do sth. 准备做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某
16、事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 吩咐某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 厌烦某人做某事 h
17、elp sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 准备要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜爱某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 准备要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 须要某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 吩咐某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 persuade
18、sb. to do sth. 劝服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告知某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do
19、 sth. 盼望某人做某事 注:不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型: 汉语说:胆怯某人做某事, 但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:宽恕某人做某事, 但英语不说excuse forgive sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:拒绝某人做某事, 但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:处罚某人做某事, 但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:建议某人做某事, 但英语不说suggest propose sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:赞成某人做某事, 但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。 汉
20、语说:通知某人做某事, 但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:欢送某人做某事, 但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:坚持某人做某事, 但英语不说insist persist sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:盼望某人做某事, 但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:支配某人做某事, 但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:要求某人做某事, 但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:感谢某人做某事, 但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:庆贺某
21、人做某事, 但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。 汉语说:阻挡某人做某事, 但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。 要表示以上意思,可换用其他表达: 汉语的宽恕某人做某事, 英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.。 汉语的盼望某人做某事, 英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。 汉语的建议某人做某事, 英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。 汉语的支配某人做某事, 英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。 汉语的要求某人做某事, 英语可说成demand of
22、 sb. to do sth.。 汉语的感谢某人做某事, 英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。 汉语的庆贺某人做某事, 英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。 汉语的阻挡某人做某事, 英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。 三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词 admit doing sth. 成认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事 avoid doing sth. 幸免做某事
23、 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事 discuss doing sth. 探讨做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜爱做某事 enjoy doing sth. 宠爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事 excuse doing sth. 宽恕做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 制止做某事 forgive doing sth. 宽恕做某事 give up do
24、ing sth. 放弃做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事 mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 宽恕做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 prevent doing sth. 阻挡做某事 prohibit doing sth. 制止做某事 put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报
25、告做某事 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停顿做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事 四、接此时此刻分词作宾补的20个常用动词 bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 discover sb. doing sth. 发觉某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事 find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某
26、事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事 keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事 look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 留意到某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 视察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻挡某人做某事 see sb. doing sth. 望见某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事
27、set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人起先做某事 stop sb. doing sth. 阻挡某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事 五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词 feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事 make sb. d
28、o sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 留意某人做某事 observe sb. do sth. 视察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 望见某人做某事 watch sb. do sth. 视察某人做某事 六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思一样的12个动词 like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜爱做某事 love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜爱做某事 hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事 prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做
29、某事 begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 起先做某事 start to do sth / start doing sth. 起先做某事 continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 接着做某事 cant bear to do sth / cant bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事 intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事 attempt to do sth / attempt doin
30、g sth. 试图做某事 cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停顿做某事 七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事 forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事 forget doing sth. 遗忘曾做过某事 regret to do sth. 懊悔(缺憾)要做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔(缺憾)曾做过某事 try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果 mean to do
31、 sth. 准备做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 cant help to do sth. 不能协助做某事 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 接着做始终在做的事 注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停顿正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。 八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词 (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = aw
32、ard sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把
33、某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物(钱) post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物款待某人
34、 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告知某人某状况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信 (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. f
35、or sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为
36、某人打算某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人打算某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人
37、唱某物(歌) spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物 注:有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义一样,如bring,play等: Bring me todays paper. = Bring todays paper to for me. 把今日的报纸拿给我。 He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had ju
38、st bought for to us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。 有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等: They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。 My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me. 我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。 而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词for引出间接宾语,如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等: He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。 He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。 This caused me much trouble. 这给我带来了很多麻烦。 He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。 His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。 I envy you your good luck. 我艳羡你的好运。