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1、定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句2.指代功能：指代先行词3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)that which who whom whose when where why语法关系词指代主语宾语定语表语指人whothatwhomthatwhosethat指物whichthatwhichthatwhosethat注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系
2、代词所替代的名词或代词。1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略 A plane is a machine which / that can fly . (作主语) The dog which / that was lost has been found . (作主语) The number of people who / that lost homes reached 250,000 . Here comes the girl who / that wants to see you .2. 关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略 The noodles that / which I cooked wer
3、e delicious .（作宾语） This is the book that / which I want to read . The letter that / which I received yesterday was from my father . The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Mary . Mr Li is a man whom / who / that we should lear from . Do you know the man whom / who / that is talking to ? 3. 关系代词在从句中做
4、定语 The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me . Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher . I know the person whose company produces computers . This is the person whose story surprised everybody . 4. 关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）She is not the girl that she was .【定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择】1. 明确关系代
5、词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语2. 分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等关系副词（when , where , why）1. when在定语从句中做【时间状语】I sti
6、ll remember the day when I first came to Beijing .We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .He came at a time when (at which ) we needed help . 2. where在定语从句中做【地点状语】This is the house where we lived last year .The factory where his father works is in the west of the city .After
7、living in Pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .3. why在定语从句中做【原因状语】There are several reasons why we cant do that .He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school .Is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer ?The reason w
8、hy ( for which ) she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .4. 比较Ill never forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher .Ill never forget the days when I worked with you .It is the house that / which was built two years ago . It is the house where / in which I was born .The reason which / t
9、hat he gave was an excuse .The reason why he was late was the rain .Do you know the reason why he didnt turn up ?只能用that的定语从句1. 先行词为不定代词【all everying nothing anything little much none】时或被这些词修饰时 ，关系代词只用thatAll that can be done has been done .2. 当先行词被【形容词的最高级】修饰时，只用thatThis is the most beautiful park
10、that I have visited .The Titanic is the most dangerous film that Ive ever seen .The best one that Ill choose will be you .3. 当先行词被序数词【the first , the second , the last】等修饰时，只用thatThe first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten .This is the last class that we will have this term
11、.4. 当先行词被【the only , the very , the last】修饰时，只用that( some ，any ，few ，much ，no ，very ，only )The only student that may be elected is in our class .I have no question that will be asked .There was little that interested him at the meeting .This is the very book that I am looking for .5. 当先行词既指【人】又指【物】时
12、We often talk about the persons and things that we remember .The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very native .The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad .6. 当主语是以【who或which开头的疑问句】时，为避免重复而用thatWho is the girl that is standing there ?Who is the boy
13、 that shook hands with you just now ？Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month ?7. 当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式 that in which I dont like the way that / in which / you speak to your mother like that .8. 先行词在句中作【表语】Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .定语从句练习1：1. -Do you know the man _is
14、 talking with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B.
15、you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose
16、C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we li
17、ve in定语从句练习2:1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whomB. which C. whoD. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whose C. whichD. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yeste
18、rday? A. the oneB. which C. whoD. whom6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. that C. / D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in which C. thatD. all9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB.
19、whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. were C. is D. are12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. /D. he13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs
20、. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who15. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where C. that D. at tha
21、t16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. whichC. as D. ./ 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. when C. whereD. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in that C. that D. which19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed l
22、ast week. A. whenB. where C. thatD. which20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that21. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. that C. whereD. in which22. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. w
23、hen C. whereD. in which23. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. where C. in whichD. what25. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. which C. thatD. where26. Have you seen the girl _? A. that I told B. I told you of C. whom I told D
24、. I told of28. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever29. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. A. which B. that C. who D. what30. I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in
25、the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 32. The only question _ is to find our way home. A. that mattered B. that matters C. which mattered D. matter 34. The farmers used wood to build a house _ grain can be stored. A. with which B. where C. in that D. which 参考答案：I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCDKeys：1-5ACABA 6-10BCCAD 11-15CBDDB 16-20DCABB 21-25 BBADD 26-30.BDBBD 31-34ABDB