《6类系动词语法知识点归纳练习讲义-高考英语语法综合复习.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《6类系动词语法知识点归纳练习讲义-高考英语语法综合复习.doc(25页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高考英语语法综合复习讲义6类系动词语法知识点归纳练习(含答案与解析)01.四类动词英语中的动词分为4大类:实义动词:如吃饭 eat,爱您 love,打人 beat 等等,这些都是有实际意义的动作,可以单独用在句子里当“谓语动词”。助动词:通俗理解为帮助动词的词,用来提示时态、语态,以及否定句和疑问句。情态动词:表示情绪和态度的动词。我前几期有专门写过,戳这里读。系动词:或称“连系动词”,连什么、系什么呢?把主语和表语连系起来的词。听起来很抽象,我们今天会详细讲系动词。02.谈谈表语主语大家都认识,但要想弄懂系动词,更重要的是知道什么是表语?系表,系表 下面就要涉及一些同学执着的句子成分了,em
2、mmm表语主要有这5种:03.系动词的特点1)连接主语和表语;2)不单独使用,必须跟着后边的表语一起才有意义;3)没有被动语态,没有被动语态,没有被动语态!04.系动词的分类沿着这个分类,我们每个类别都详细讲讲: 1. be 动词 有人问:“我,你前面不是说be动词是助动词吗?”哎哟,学语法不能死心眼的,得看情况嘛! 对于 be doing,be to do 或 be done 这些跟各类时态、语态有关的,be 就是助动词。过去进行时:Mom was sleeping.老妈正在睡觉。过去将来时:Dad was to fix the toilet.老爸得把马桶修好。被动语态:Mom was wo
3、ken (up) by the noise in the bathroom.老妈被浴室的声响吵醒了。但 如果 be 动词后面是表语,那 be 在这里就是系动词。再祭出这张图2. 感官类 这几个感官动词记好咯!You look stunning!你看起来美呆了!It sounds great!听起来棒极了!来做两道高考题:1) Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt2)The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attrac
4、t the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt解析:1)C这题简单啦,料子摸起来很软捏,用感官动词feel 就完事儿了,该三单三单。记住,系动词没有被动语态,选D的同学今晚不要吃饭了。2)B看到长句不要慌,先把主干(主谓宾)拖出来:The flowers attract the visitors.那么,是啥样的花吸引了群众啊?“植物园里闻起来甜腻腻的花”👇这整个作主语,没有问题吧?前面提过2次,系动词没有被动语态,丢掉 C 和 D;再看 A,不定式 to
5、do 表“将来”或“目的”,在这里都讲不通,丢掉。最后看 B. smelling,现在分词 v-ing 可以表“主动”和“正在进行”,这里取“主动”的含义:The flowers smell sweet. (句子)花闻起来甜甜的(smell 感官动词,不用被动)再改装下:The flowers smelling sweet (名词 +后置定语)闻起来甜甜的花 3. 状态类 或称“持续系动词”,跟后面的表语一起构成一种可以持续的状态比如常见的搭配有:keep healthystay calmremain silentstand emptylie idle其中,remain 这个词值的重点讲下:
6、remain + n.Her age remains a secretto this day.她的年龄至今仍是个谜。 remain + adj.You have the right to remain silent.你有权保持沉默。 remaining adj. 剩下的remaining = left,但用法上有不同,牢记:前 remaining 后 left最后提醒一下:没有 remained 这种形容词!没有 remained 这种形容词!没有 remained 这种形容词! 这里还有2道很经典的考题,能帮我们区分 remain 和 last 的区别。用 remain 和 last 的适当
7、形式填空。1)The weather will _ hot for another 2 days.2)The hot weather will _ another 2 days.解析:1)The weather willremain hotfor another 2 days.这(鬼)天气还会再热上两天。注意观察句子,横线后接形容词 hot,而形容词又是最典型的一类表语,我们常说“系表系表”,所以横线上要填系动词:remain。2)The hot weather will last another 2 days.大热天还会持续两天。last 不是系动词last (for) + 一段时间,表“持
8、续多久”注:last another 2 days 和 last for another 2 days 都可以。综上,2者的区别是: 4. 变化类 常考的有这几种: get + 天气变化Its getting cold/ dark/ cloudy.天越来越冷/黑/阴了。注:get 用于进行时,表“越来越”也可以跟比较级连用 getcolder/ warmer turn:颜色变化When spring comes, leaves turn green.春天来了,树叶绿了。turn 后面还可以接名词,但一般不加冠词:She became a witch.She turned witch. grow
9、:强调渐变的过程grow old/ dark/ impatient也可以跟比较级连用 grow older/ taller/ richer go:从好变坏go mad/ bad/ deaf/ wrong疯了/(食物)坏了/ 聋了/ 出毛病了 come:从坏变好Your dream will come true.你的梦想会成真的。Everything will come right in the end.一切问题最终都会有办法的。 fall:陷入某种状态fall ill/ sick 生病注:根据牛津高阶英汉双解,fall sick 也是可以的,而且常常以 fall sick with“得了xx病
10、” 的搭配出现。fall asleep 睡着了fall silent/ quiet 安静下来除了后接 adj.,fall to,fall into 也出现过:fall to pieces 散架/ 碎成一片片fall into decay 破败不堪/ 每况愈下我还是要再强调一遍,上面讲到的仅是考试中同学们大概率会遇到的情况,并不是说这个词就只能有这种用法。大家要善于在平时学习中积累更多用法 5. “显得”类 seem,appear “显得、好像”两者都适用于下面这种结构:seem/ appear to do sth.= It seems/ appears that但含义上稍有区别,注意体会: T
11、he lady seems tobe nice.= It seems that the lady is nice. 我们跟她吃过一顿饭,说话轻声细语的,其他人说话时她就认真听,饭桌礼仪也很好,不挑挑捡捡,不吧唧嘴从这些细节看,她给我们的感觉挺好。 The lady appears to be nice.= It appears that the lady is nice. 表面上看起来很nice,比如眼缘还行,相处起来就不得而知了。综上,seem 和 appear 的区别在于: 6. 终止类 1)prove “证明是”注:有时候中文习惯翻译成“被证明是”,听起来是被动的,但在英文表达上,pro
12、ve 还是乖乖用主动哈 prove (to be) + adj.What I said proves right!What I said proves to be right!我说的是对的! prove (to be) + n.Bettyprovesa funny teacher.Betty provesto bea funny teacher.结果证明,Betty 是个很逗的老师。 prove thatYu has tried so hard to prove that he is not a loser.老余(活得)很用力,为了证明自己不是个窝囊废。但是 prove 用作系动词,且作谓语时
13、用主动,但它的形容词看上去却像是有被动含义的,那我们就把它当作特殊记一下: proven adj.“已被证实的”a proven method 一种已被证实的方法2)turn out “结果是” turn out to be + adj.The news turned out to be false.那消息后来证明是假的。 turn out to be + n.His advice turned out to be no use at all.结果,他的建议一点儿用都没有。 It turns out thatIt turned out that the news was false.那消息后来
14、证明是假的。05.课后练习:1)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars2)Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car.A. have B. getC. become D. turn3)On hearing
15、the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A. stayed B. changedC. went D. appeared4)_ delicious, the food was soon sold out.A. Tasted B. Being tastedC. Tasting D. To taste5)The cloth that _ smooth and soft _.A. feels,sells wellB. feels,is well soldC. is felt,sells wellD. is felt,sells goo
16、d6)With the _ materials, there are several projects _.A. remained,remained to settleB. remaining,remains to be settledC. remained,remain to settleD. remaining,remaining to be settled7)Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now.A. seemed B. had seemed C. seems D
17、. is seeming8)Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ eighteen already.A. become B. turnedC. grown D. passed获取答案方式14)DBCC 58)ADCB1)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars解析:不要问我为什么不能选 rema
18、ined remaining adj.剩余的,作前置定语,这种adj.要放在东西前面:remaining 20 dollars或:20 dollars left(left 后置定语)2)Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. A. have B. getC. become D. turn解析:首先丢掉的是 A. have run over(主动:已经撞飞),而本题讲的是“你可能被撞飞”,要用被动。而在BCD中,“get + 过去分词” 和 become + 过去分
19、词“ 都能体现被动,比如get mugged,become well-known等。区别在于get 后面接 by. 很常见:get mugged by the gang;而 become 一般不接 by。3)On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. A. stayed B. changedC. went D. appeared 解析:看句意 On hearing. “一听到她就”,显然这里有个变化过程。所以A和D尽管是系动词,但体现不出来变化。B就更不行了,change 不是系动词。go 作系动词时,表“
20、情况由好变坏”,go pale 指“脸色变得苍白”。4)_ delicious, the food was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tastedC. Tasting D. To taste 解析:先来推断大意:“东西很好吃,很快就卖完了”,看来这里有因果关系,那么用关联词把句子完善一下:因为东西很好吃,所以很快就卖完了 1. 东西好吃:The food tasted delicious.(系动词没有被动,排除AB)2. 东西很快卖完了:The food was soon sold out. 接下来两个分句合体,这时要用到非谓语动词( 戳可读)的技能了
21、:主语相同(都是food)的情况下,砍掉分句1.的主语,谓语动词也要改装一下:根据 “主动用 doing,被动用 done” 的原则:5)The cloth that _ smooth and soft _. A. feels,sells wellB. feels,is well soldC. is felt,sells wellD. is felt,sells good解析:本题涉及定语从句。首先找到主干:“布料卖得很好”。这就涉及高考常考的“主动表被动”:小本本准备好,这类动词有:sell,write,wash,clean,cook,cut,read,wear,handle. 当它们用来表
22、示sth.的属性,比如卖得好、写得顺滑、读起来流畅、很好打理、很难清洗等的时候,就可以用主动表被动,并且后面常常跟上 well,easily,slowly,quickly,properly 等副词。所以主干 “布料卖得很好” 就出来了:The cloth sells well.解决了主干,再看定语从句:“怎样的布料呢” 摸起来柔顺的布料 “摸起来”,用这节课学的 feel 就行,系动词,没有被动,只有A合适:The cloth that feels smooth and soft6)With the _ materials, there are several projects _. A. r
23、emained,remained to settleB. remaining,remains to be settledC. remained,remain to settleD. remaining,remaining to be settled解析:remaining adj. 剩余的,第一个空的答案就出来了。再结合选项推断整体句意:剩下这些材料,还有几个工程等着被搞定。“还有几个工程等着被搞定”,先单独写出这个句子,后面再看怎样改装:Several projects remain to be settled. 如果主句添上 there are 呢?There are several pr
24、ojects. 这前半部分形式上是完整的,所以后面的动作 remain 必须改装成非谓语动词(doing/ done/ to do)remain 系动词,主动,所以改装为:remainingthere are several projects remaining to be settled .7)Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. had seemed C. seems D. is seeming解析:这题肯定坑了很多同学。看到 just
25、now,是不是就直接选 A. seemed 了?Um. 看题啊大佬们:“你看Tom那得意洋洋的样子。看起来他好像刚刚被经理表扬了。”注意句子中的 “have been praised”,看到么,现在完成时表示的就是过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。just now 想表达的“过去”在 have done 上面就得到体现了。况且,人前面都说了“Look at the pride on Toms face”,就像现在正面对面跟你吐槽一样,后面用 He seems.就OK啦。8)Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ eighteen already. A. beco
26、me B. turnedC. grown D. passed解析:turn 才有这种用法。截图来自牛津高阶英汉双解总结: 系动词的特点:1)连接主语和表语;2)不单独使用,后面必须接表语;3)系动词没有被动语态。 系动词的分类:1. be 动词 跟各类时态、语态有关的,如 be doing,be to do 或 be done,这里的 be 就是助动词。 如果 be 动词后面是表语,那 be 就是系动词。2. 感官类3. 状态类remaining adj. 剩下的remaining = left4. 变化类 get + 天气变化get cold/ darkget run over by car
27、s turn:颜色变化turn greenturn 18(满18岁了)turn + n.(零冠词) grow:强调渐变的过程grow old/ dark/ impatient go:从好变坏go mad/ bad/ deaf/ wrong/ pale come:从坏变好come true/ right fall:陷入某种状态fall ill/ asleep/ silentfall to piecesfall into decay5. “显得”类seem/ appear to do sth.= It seems/ appears that6. 终止类 prove “证明是” prove (to be) + adj./ n. prove thatproven adj.“已被证实的”turn out “结果是” turn out to be + adj./ n. It turns out that