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1、2008年高考真题讲解与建议 北京卷一、真题讲解第一节 单项填空21. D 本题考查的情态动词的用法，特别是 could 和would 的意义区别。 Could, can 的过去式，主要表示“能够，可以，推测”等意义，而would 表示“将，愿意”，根据题干的意义（约翰向医生许诺将不吸烟，而且从那以后就没有再吸烟。），故选择D。22. C 考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写此书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词过去式。23. D 考查连词用法。题干中答句意义是“我不需要回电话，因为我明天就会见到他”。24. A 考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是 I，I 与 See 的意义的逻辑关系是主动，也
2、就是Seeing 才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的逻辑关系。25. B 考查不定代词的用法。Neither 表示“两者都不”，句子的意义是“在父母都不懂英语的家庭里学习英语，对于他来讲是很困难的。”26. B 考查形容词习惯用法。go hungry挨饿，不说go hungrily。27. D 考查时态。前一个分句是过去时态，后一个分句说明的是“然而，已经住过很多条件不好的旅馆了。” 28. D 考查定语从句。Where 表示“在”，指“在我朋友家的地址”。29. A 考查时态、语态。从句是现在完成时，主句应该用一般将来时。30. C 考查宾语从句的关系词。What 表示“所创造的事物”。31.
3、 A 考查非谓语动词。句子意义是“为了找到信息，我不得不阅读全书”。 32. C 考查非谓语动词。我是被欢迎的，所以用 to be welcomed。 33. B 考出介词by表示“通过”，for 表示“目的”，across 表示“横穿”，out 表示“在外面”。34. A 考查连词。It is some time before 是一个句型，表示“在之前就有一段时间了”。 35. C 考查非谓语动词。introducing 和considering 是并列的，用在worth的后面，表示“值得做”。第二节 完形填空 36. A 考查词语搭配。take subjects的意义是“上某一学科的课”。
4、37. B 考查词语搭配。presented 意义是“传授”，ideas 是he presented 的定语从句，意思是“他所传授的理论”。38. A考查上下文的意义的联系。文中说他的学习成绩总是得A，然而这次考试，他得的是C-plus，所以他感到震惊，所以选择shocked。39. C 考查上下文的意义的联系。for表示原因。英语本来是他最好的科目，然而他的成绩是C-plus。40. D 考查上下文的意义的联系。他与教授辩论，但老师无动于衷。41. B 考查上下文的意义的联系。我不知道这是怎么一回事儿。42. B 考查上下文的意义的联系。我又与教授辩论，此处的意义与上文arguments的意
5、义一致。43. B 考查词的细微差别。mind指教授固有的思维方式。View 指对事物的意见。attitude 指对事物的态度。plan 意思是“计划”。44. C 考查上下文的意义的联系。本段第一句话意思是“在期末考试前还有一次测验，所以他还有一次机会提高他的成绩。45. D 考查上下文的意义的联系。他加倍努力学习，所以他第一次学习到了“thorough”这个词的意思。thorough”意思是“完全的、深入的”。46. C 考查上下文的意义的联系。上文提到他加倍努力，这里意思是“努力也没有用”。47. B 考查词的不同意义。一切的进展和以前一样，went 指“进展”。Stayed 指“停留”
6、。48. A 考查上下文的意义的联系。到期末的时候，无论我获得什么高分数， 都不能去掉三个C-plus 的分数。49. A 考查上下文的意义的联系。本文第一句话，就提到他希望得到奖学金，这里说的是他可能与奖学金擦肩而过。50. C 考查上下文的意义的联系。他觉得此课程学得很好了，不用学了。在期末考试的前一天晚上，他看一部电影来款待自己。51. A 考查上下文的意义的联系。他决定把第二天的考试当作一次娱乐活动。与上文意义逻辑一致。52. D 考查上下文的意义的联系。一星期后，他惊讶地发现他获得了优秀成绩，立刻跑到教授的办公室。教授好像正盼望着他的到来。53. C 考查上下文的意义的联系。教授说：
7、“如果我以前给了你所期待的优秀成绩，你就不会像这样努力地学习了”。54. D 考查上下文的意义的联系。我盯着他，意识到他的分析和策略是正确的。55. D 考查不同词的意义差别。work my head off 指“全身心投入”。work out 意思是“做出，制定出”，work over 意思是“打击、伤害”，work on 意思是“继续工作”。第三部分：阅读理解 56. B 考查整体推断的能力。老人请求开车穿过市区(Could you drive through downtown?)，然后，她说她要去临终医院（Im on my way to a hospital.）。在接下来的两个小时，她在
8、车上最后观看了市区的景象，回忆了她年轻时的情景。最后她到达了临终医院。57. A 考查简单推断的能力。出租车司机听老人说家里没有亲人了，就关掉了计价器。58. C 考查推断理解能力。出租车司机没有收老人任何费用，很善良，使得老人感到很欣慰。同时老人也善良，主动要付给出租车司机费用，也使得出租车司机很感动。59. B 从第二段第一句可以看出，几千年以前，人们捕杀野马作为食物。60. D 考查对说明方法的理解能力。第四段第二句说明，在人们开始驯养马之前，马的种类并不多。本段第三句就以The Shetland horse 这种马为例来解释本段第二句的观点。61. C 考查细节理解的能力。从文中最后一
9、句可以看出，使用马作为新型、快捷的交通工具，有助于世界文化的传播。62. D 考查细节理解的能力。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最后一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。63. A 第二段说明，收取各种礼物的费用，所以contributions指money。64. B 考查理解深层含义的能力。这封信对Hamilton说明了一些收取礼物费用的好处和带来的一些麻烦，请求他能够理解，所以推断他可能不进行这种习俗了。65. D 考查理解深层含义的能力。这封信对Hamilton说明了一些收取礼物费用的好处和带来的一些麻烦，请求他能够理解，所以推断他可能
10、不进行这种习俗了。文中最后还说明，这是一慈善的举动，想说服Hamilton 继续维持这种交钱买礼物的习俗。从写信人的语气中可以看出，这是一封表示不满情绪的信。66. D 考查细节推断的能力。从第二段倒数的三行文字可以看出，他们同学在一起写诗和文章，然后诵读。在学期结束时，他们才形成适当的社交行为。与此同时，他们也停止了写诗和文章的活动了。67. A 考查推断和理解引申意义的能力。从第三段第二句可以看出，他们持有同样的看法。如果他们不走遍(explore)整个伦敦城，他们就不会高兴。从本段的最后一句看出，他们不停地在这座城市里散步，直到他们的失望感消失，才各自离开。68. C 考查细节推断的能力
11、。从第四段可以看出，他们经常相互写信，从来没有见过面。69. B 考查细节推断的能力。从最后一段可看出，在作者情绪最低落的时候，作者自己是最好的朋友。(those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.)70. D 考查概括的能力。整篇文章表达的是作者在不同时期的朋友伴随自己成长变化的过程。说明了朋友对自己的影响和崇高的友谊。71. C 考查推断能力。从第一段可看出，人们很容易受到节食产品的吸引，就不去思考节食产品对人们身心健康的影响，于是花钱买那些产品。这些产品误导了人们。72. D 考查推断能力。从第二段
12、可看出，人们非常重视他们的体重，不加任何思考地去购买节食产品，只看是否有节食标签。这说明他们急于去尝试那些产品。73. A 考查细节理解的能力。从第三段可看出，每次我们喝下标明不含热量的饮料，就给我们一个暗示，我们不会增加体重，减肥是很容易的事(we dont have to work to get results.)。另外，本段的最后半句(and that life can be without resistance and struggle.)也说明了划线部分的意义。74. B 考查细节理解的能力。从第四段第二句可看出，吃所谓的健康食品，就是阻止人体吸收基本的营养成分。另外，从本段最后一句
13、也可以看出，节食产品没有营养(Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.)75. B 考查学生对文章结构的分析能力。文章从两个要点来说明中心观点，这两个要点是1）节食产品对人们心理的伤害。2）节食产品对人们身体的伤害。为了说明第一个要点，文章中用了两个自然段，即第二自然段和第三自然段（分析理解是正确回答此题的关键）。所以，答案B是正确的。第四部分：书面表达第一节 情景作文 考查学生综合运用语言的能力。本题相对比较容易，因为
14、题目中提供了比较具体的情景，而且是学生常见的语言情景。但要注意表达要点要全面，写本文的要点基本包括以下要点：1.讨论2.爬山3.捡拾别人（或收拾自己）的垃圾4.投放垃圾 还要注意表达内容要点时要使用丰富多样的表达方式。包括词汇多样、句法多样，段落结构多样。也要注意描述事实和议论的结合，不能只描述事实而忽视议论。以上是本题获得高分数的关键。请参考下列范文： Last Thursday, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such
15、as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing. The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. However, when reached the top, we were shocked to see lit
16、ter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter. Afterwards, we put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin respectively. We were tired but happy.第二节 开放作文 本题考查学生更加强大综合语言运用能力。题目中只提供了非常简短的提示，给学生留出了很大的发挥空间，这就要求学生的综合素质要强。答好这样的题目要注意以下的关键
17、点：1）学生要具有很高的英语语言能力。不仅要能够表达和描述事实，还要能够表达抽象的哲理。2）学生的思维要有一定的深度。能够从平凡的事情中归纳出深刻的道理，并用语言表达出来。3）学生的思维要有一定的广度。能够从简单的图画中想到很多方面的内容。4）学生思考的内容要具备很强的合理性，要符合一般的逻辑。5）学生思考的内容应该是健康向上的内容，对读者具有激励的作用。请参考以下范文： From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hard-working pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a
18、 circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort. I think the compasses are reasonable to be proud because no one else can do the job better. At the same time, however, he should realize the pencil has his own advantages. The pencil can do other shapes better than the c
19、ompasses, even pictures. So in my opinion, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them.二、学习与应考建议(一) 单项填空 学生要抓基础，训练高中语法中最基本的语法规则，注意基础语法在语境中的应用。请练习：单项填空 (共15小题； 每小题1分， 共15分) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. The sign reads “
20、In case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button. A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; the2. The sooner we students adapt _ the new school, the better it is _ our studies. A. on; for B. to; to C. of; at D. to; for3. The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years. A. mor
21、e than doubled B. more doubled than C. much than doubled D. much doubled than4. Youd better continue to use the same spelling of your name as _ you used in your application. A. one B. the one C. any D. some one5. I dont think shell be upset, but Ill see her in case _. A. shell B. she is C. she does
22、D. she would6. The time _ has been _. A. losing; made up for B. lost; made up for C. losing; made up of D. lost; made up of7. Can I do anything for you in return? Yes, Id appreciate _ these letters for me. A. you to mail B. that you would mail C. your mailing D. that you are mailing8. Put on more cl
23、othes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must9. This foreign scientist _ in our college for fifteen years and does not want to leave. A. worked B. is working C. works D. has been working10. It is not her songs but her way of singing that _ us. A. interest B. int
24、erests C. is interested in D. are interested in11. Not getting that job was a big let-down. -Dont worry. Something better will _. A. come along B. take on C. go by D. fall behind12. Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket _ turned over to the policeman? A. or B. and C. then D. b
25、ut13. _ little we may like it, old age will come to all of us. A. So B. Since C. However D. Despite14. There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that15. The engineer gave his factory three suggestions, the first of _. A. them was of
26、 great value B. them was great value C. which was not value D. which was of great value(二) 完形填空 要求学生把握文章里的主题、细节 对词汇的用法要有较深的理解，可以看出英语精读训练对完型填空解题的影响比较大。学生应注重在语言情境下的词汇运用与辨析的训练，尤其是对课本中词汇的地道应用。(三) 阅读理解 学生要对细节题、推断题、文章结构解题加强训练。 What should you think about in trying to find your career (职业)? You are probabl
27、y better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at
28、 school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. The knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is on
29、e of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery and look for a job wh
30、ere you can improve these skills. If you have had a part-time job on Saturday or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a s
31、hop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs (拇指) when you handle tools, perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a
32、column(列) of figures. It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for example, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start
33、at work.16. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for most jobs? A. Mathematics B. English C. Techniques D. History17.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job _. A.is a waste of time that could have been spent on study B.is probably beneficial to his future work C.mus
34、t make him value time in the future D.is a good way to improve his school record18.According to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he_. A. should argue with his boss about the poor school record to defend himself B. will regret not having worked harder at school C. may do well in
35、his future work D. should not admit it19.When choosing a career, you should_. A. make sure that the career is in accordance with your part-time job B. know yourself clearly C. make sure you have a specially strong school subject D. pretend that your weakness do not exist(四) 书面表达 学生要用英语思维，说、写地道的英文，表达
36、的意义要深刻才能得高分。请练习：第二节 开放作文 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your English class, the teacher shows this picture, in which some people put their hands together, and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings.Look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture. Write down what you would say.答案：1-5 BDABB 6-10 BCDDB 11-15 AACDD 16-19 DBCB