《(8.1)--Chapter8Architecture-min.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(8.1)--Chapter8Architecture-min.pdf（66页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、The Preservance of Traditional Elements in Chinese Architecture Contents Ancient Dwellings Modern Chinese Architects Royal Architecture Garden Architecture Part 1 Royal Architecture 01.The Forbidden City 故宫 故宫 g gng The Forbidden City is the royal palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China.It is
2、 located in the center of Beijings axle wire and is the essence of ancient Chinese palace architecture.It is one of the largest and most preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.此处插入视频-故宫1 故宫 g gng 前朝 The Outer Court 内廷 The Inner Court 太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony 故宫 g gng Hall of Supreme Har
3、mony 太和殿 ti h din In the hear of the Forbidden City,lies the most important building,the Hall of Supreme Harmony.During the Qing dynasty,emperors held birthdays,weddings,and coronations here,making it not only the largest building but also the most sacred.此处加入视频-故宫-2太和殿 故宫 g gng 中和殿 Hall of Central
4、Harmony 故宫 g gng Hall of Central Harmony 中和殿 zhng h din The Hall of Central Harmony is on the north side of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.It is the place where emperors took a break and exercised before ceremonies held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony.故宫 g gng 保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony 故宫 g gng Hal
5、l of Preserving Harmony 保和殿 bo h din The Hall of Preserving Harmony is also one of the three halls of the Forbidden City,behind the Zhonghe Temple.The Hall of Preserving Harmony is the place where the emperors gives a feast to the princes every year on New Years Eve.Its also the place where the fina
6、l imperial examination was held.故宫 g gng 交泰殿 Hall of Union 乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity 坤宁宫 Palace of Earthly Tranquility 御花园 Imperial Garden 故宫 g gng Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宫 Qin qng gng Palace of Heavenly Purity was the most important buildings in the inner court,and it served as the bedroom
7、 palace in Ming and Qing dynasty.It even once served as the mourning palace of emperors in Ming Dynasty.故宫 g gng Hall of Union 交泰殿 Jio ti din Hall of Union is one of the third palaces in the inner court,it is located between the Palace of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility.Hall of
8、 Union is the place to hold the celebration of the Queens birthday.故宫 g gng Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫 Kn nng gng Palace of Earthly Tranquility is the queens palace in the Ming Dynasty.After its reconstruction in Qing Dynasty,it was the main place for sacrifice.It is also the palace for sever
9、al Qing Emperors to hold their wedding ceremony.故宫 g gng Imperial Garden 御花园 Y hu yun Royal Garden is located on the axle wire of the Forbidden City and covers an area of 12,000 square meters.The pines,cypress,bamboo and rocks in the garden form a garden landscape with evergreen seasons.Part 2 Ancie
10、nt Dwellings 01.Siheyuan 四合院 四合院 S h yun Corner Room【西耳房】Backside Building【后罩房】Main House【正房】Corner Room【东耳房】Western Side House【西厢房】Eastern Side House【东厢房】Gate【宅门】Opposite House【倒座房】Corridor【游廊】Screen Wall【影壁】Floral-pendant Gate【垂花门】四合院 S h yun 02.Cave House 窑洞 窑洞 yo dng Region:Northwest China The L
11、oess Plateaus Reason:The Loess Plateaus is located in the continental climate zone and weather changes quickly.And the cave house has the feature of warm in winter and cool in summer.窑洞 yo dng Reason:2.The general income of the residents of the Loess Plateau is relatively low,and the cost of buildin
12、g a cave house can save a large part of the funds.3.Due to the terrain of the Loess Plateau,the traffic is inconvenient.It is difficult to transport building materials.窑洞 yo dng Types:Earth caves,bricks caves and stone caves The earth caves are dug out on earthen slopes the boast the exceptional adv
13、antage of heat and sound insulation.The stone and brick caves are better looking.03.Hui-style Architecture 徽派建筑 Hui-style Architecture Region:Huangshan Jixi(Anhui Province)Wuyuan(Jiangxi Province)Features:White walls and grey tiles Horse-head wall Memorial archway Ancestral temples Hui-style Archite
14、cture-White Walls and Grey Tiles Hui-style Architecture -Horse-head Wall马头墙m tu qing Hui-style Architecture -Memorial Archway 牌坊pi fng Hui-style Architecture -Ancestral Temples 祠堂c tng 04.Tianjing Courtyard 天井民居 Tianjing Courtyard Region:Southern Anhui Northern Jiangxi Huizhou The“tian jing”(literal
15、ly means“sky well”)is,in fact,a small open-air courtyard.Tianjing Courtyard As its hot,rainy and humid in the south,and the fact that there are too many people live in a limited place leads to the designing considerations of sheltering from sunshine,providing good ventilation and preventing fire in
16、the compact civilian residences.Tianjing Courtyard The rectangular tianjing is the center of the residence,surrounded by buildings on all four sides or three sides,which helps to block a lot of sunshine.The tall wall surrounding the courtyard speed up air flow to provide good ventilation.Tianjing Co
17、urtyard All the sewage drains of each house lead to courtyard,which is a design called“four streams flowing into the center hall”implying“wealth stays with the family.05.The Mongolian Yurt 蒙古包 Region:Mongolia Features:Round tent The Mongolian yurt is a form of residential building created by the Mon
18、golian herdsmen in their nomadic life.A yurt is a vaulted round tent with a pointed roof composed of wooden fences,support poles,roof rings,cover carpets,etc.The Mongolian Yurt The Mongolian Yurt Features:Spire roof The spire roof keeps snow and water from gathering and helps the yurt to withstand s
19、torms.The Mongolian Yurt Features:Adjustable cover carpets The cover carpets,used as“walls”have adjustable thickness based on the seasons and those near the bottom can be rolled up in hot days for good ventilation.The carpets are mainly white and some are even adorned with the patterns of ruyi made
20、of red,blue and yellow cloth.06.The Hanging House 吊脚楼 The Hanging House Region:Guangxi,Guizhou(Zhuang,Buyei,Dong and Shui ethnic groups)Features:built on slopping terrain or next to a stream or a ditch one side dangling behind or beside the main building with pillars propped underneath The Hanging H
21、ouse The ground floor is used as storage for firewood and tools,while people live upstairs.The front part of the second floor has good natural lighting and is a perfect place for the family to rest or do their manual work.The rear part of the second floor is the private section,where the fire pit wi
22、th memorial ancestral tablets is a good place to do some cooking and get warm.The Hanging House Bedrooms are located on the third floor usually one family lives in one hanging house.In some villages,the hanging houses belonging to the same clan are joined together with their eaves and verandas next
23、to each other,so people can go through freely.During festivals,the villagers gather in the hanging houses to entertain guests with feasts.Tulou Part 3 Garden Architecture 01.The Summer Palace 颐和园 颐和园 Yhyun Summer Palace,the royal garden of the Qing Dynasty in China.It is a large-scale garden influen
24、ced by the design of classical garden of Suzhou.It is the most preserved royal palace.It is also a national tourist attraction.02.Classical Gardens of Suzhou 苏州园林 Classical Gardens of Suzhou Region:Suzhou Features:pavilion(亭)terrace(台)tower(楼)corridor(廊)windows rockery,etc.Classical Gardens of Suzho
25、u-Pavilion 亭 tng Classical Gardens of Suzhou-Terrace 台 ti Classical Gardens of Suzhou-Tower 楼 lu Classical Gardens of Suzhou-Corridor 廊 lng Classical Gardens of Suzhou-Window 窗 chung Classical Gardens of Suzhou-Rockery 假山 ji shn Part 4 Modern Chinese Architects A Chinese architect based in Hangzhou,
26、Zhejiang Province.He is the dean of the School of Architecture of the China Academy of Art.In 2012,Wang became the first Chinese citizen to win the Pritzker Prize.The architecture of Xiangshan Campus is partly inspired by paintings like Longmian Villa(龙眠山庄图)which describes a special type of universi
27、ty the cave is a classroom,or a classroom under the tree.In this painting,people are all on the cliffs of the mountains,feeling the human and nature.This is similar with Klippe Ling Yin in Hangzhou,which is a typical university.All the Bodhisattvas in the school are teachers.Visiting is studying.So
28、Wang Shu believed that“the most beautiful prototype of an Asian university”comes from Klippe Ling Yin.In this campus,there are several large buildings which look like mountains with ups and downs.There are also designs like holes.In fact,these are all related to Klippe Ling Yin.-Ningbo Museum The Ni
29、ngbo Museum is designed with mountains,water and ocean.The first layer is integrated,but from the second floor,the building begins to form a mountain shape.Together with the waters in the northern part of the museum,the entire building resembles a ship ashore which reflects the geographical form of
30、Ningbo and its characteristics as a port city.Li Xiaodong(born 1963,China)He focused on small,often self-initiated projects,develops propositions about an appropriate“Chinese architecture”that brings together traditional and contemporary modes of expression,technical knowledge and artistic judgement.-Liyuan Library Thank You for Listening