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1、承接Therefore/thus/hence/so/consequently/clearly/moreover/besides6 ( E2 I4 F( F, ?引导结论conclude/claim/assert/propose 1 J+ r D c% e1 V显示,表明show/imply/prove/indicate/illustrate/demonstrate6 V5 3 N7 C! c& L8 A* i/ l建议 recommend/suggest/advise 倡议advocate# u8 y$ + U$ dP) S4 d G+ d预言,预计predict/project/foreca
2、st/expect7 c/ F8 J& d8 j5 M# 9 n6 v$ U& e8 Q d1 k首段开头句型:) 3 v7 K% A* + r+ |1) In this editorial/argument, the author argues that _.The author also claim that _.To support these claims the author points out that _. The author also points out that _. g% 1 G& P4 Q+ 2 c- Q. R0 I- u0 f3 xI3 O7 s, I& n4 R
3、2) This editorial/memo recommends that _.To support this recommendation, the author points out that _.the author also points out that _ ,and that _.Finally, the manager cites that _.: k0 W- ( W n. A5 _) h0 C. D b1 L) A s) Y5 F J首段结尾句型:. F! FH, n5 k# F% |! x: E1 v7 a: N! R$ $ , % U3) I find the edito
4、rial/argument logically unconvincing in several respects. /I find this argument specious on several grounds.1 T- k: E: w9 g7 A7 M N8 I2 f2 7 f7 m4) However, the argument relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands. /However, the argument/editorial rel
5、ies on a number of doubtful assumptions and is therefore unconvincing. 1 g0 X. ) F5 2 G- + a) g8 D+ d3 Q+ a1 Y m5) This argument depends on several unsubstantiated assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.6 P8 V5 B9 X8 $ l4 3 O4 C- p, ?% K9 ?5 y w7 |2 F9 j3 k2 N6) This argument is prob
6、lematic /flawed in several critical respects.% d g, d( N( O! v& N6 y& D5 j3 y0 h0 x$ m4 D0 S7) A careful analysis of the study reveals several problems with the editorials argument. b5 H% Z: Z6 m- u. E E h, d4 q8) The study suffers from certain statistical and other problems, which render the conclu
7、sion based upon it unpersuasive.+ N8 z/ oG. d9 I( T, J1 b& H1 t; V2 / y; D9) As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.4 ; Z/ r0 q0 |) v, C. y1 z f; 10) However, careful scrutiny of the evidence reveals that it accomplishes little
8、 toward supporting the directors claim, as discussed below.! J T5 z: n5 r5 Q0 N2 d% - X- K# a1 p# ?11) However, close scrutiny of the managers argument reveals several unproven assumptions, which render it unconvincing.0 m- % , # + U2 Z3 y. F! B6 F8 M, i12) The argument suffers from several logical
9、flaws and is therefore unconvincing as it stands.* c, % x* O7 o( V9 C# i5 R, b5 P13) As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unpersuasive.3 u0 , B1 q j: i) A- I, v! U8 P j; 0 m# ; 调查,统计的准确性:4 G2 ?1 n% Y* Y3 ?14) Many _ were actually excluded from the sur
10、vey.3 & y, s0 ; b( X+ |Q8 p* W2 R! y1 O% m15) The result of the survey lacks validity/credibility/reliability and therefore could not lend strong support to the arguers claim/propose.7 B* N$ - H/ j1 A& S; H2 $ K6 f9 u16) The result of the survey lacks validity/credibility because/as the sample is to
11、o limited.4 P * V& F; L4 A2 b. N8 De9 x0 h) W, n17) The survey does not provide complete information concerning the effect _/ t! f: T6 3 * O- g& U5 G/ Q/ & * d# |0 F18) The number reported _ does not necessarily reflect the number actually _+ H( n, U- V6 b7 m$ e+ A# n) p Z9 c& L: E6 u6 E19) The stat
12、istics comparing _ might be distorted in one or more respects0 j, u# D. x; E7 q Z# 0 W: i) D. H# L1 p/ U: u2 20) These statistics were based only on data from _.5 y! F! zu8 l+ M9 / ; |1 K8 G* w3 l. g21) The cited statistics about _ might be unreliable in other respects as well. / h. D+ F; M% ; ?& M$
13、 L6 o% a) V: n8 v22) It is unfair to conclude from one survey suggesting that _6 DO) C, j# a5 V% z0 yl+ 23) Moreover, a single survey taken just prior to _ is sustainable.( p8 R9 6 g5 p% S& L0 q! B- s1 W% j2 |8 f3 24) Although the number of _ is relatively high, the per _(capita) number might be rel
14、atively low.6 # L9 ! w+ l5 t* 7 n; J/ 9 j0 a% A与B之间的关系(主要是因果关系):6 h2 b0 ; x E2 h2 25) A bears some relation to B./(Establish) a casual relationship between A and B ) R. |8 s1 M5 h2 p% E. M; 6 Z( m5 D2 u* ) , 7 c$ s1 i8 M f26) No evidence was given to substantiate the claim that A contribute to B6 W3
15、 D A6 L4 H3 # ?, f: p6 J n7 C A2 G; _27) The fact that A does not necessarily follow that B . y2 k2 O* e% _. b0 V# O- 28) The mere fact that A proves nothing about B.- Z8 2 u( Z S: c+ Z- D6 ? i/ O29) The inference rests on the assumption (A) that B is unconvincing.?9 Z& f; N# i( r) cv8 ) z: BW G( H
16、s1 iA与B 的进行比较(类比,类推)的问题:, F6 M! D& S% R8 v& ?0 6 U$ O30) Are the two towns/companies comparable at every aspect?% I# b) . W! Z$ u% T+ r, U# # f# x _* uK31) The comparison between A and B is incomplete, hence/consequently we can hardly evaluate that _9 X T6 w+ n3 p U4 a+ g0 # ?1 I* L9 R9 + Y$ b32) Th
17、e argument is unconvincing because it is based on a false analogy.+ 6 P2 N; k$ T: _$ ) l; G% q+ d+ y: c7 j- y M# F33) Without showing that all other conditions in the two areas have been essentially the same, the author cannot convince me that _8 N g1 |: ; d0 h, n! u. E. CB- A1 C- |/ S6 v2 q作者忽视其他原因
18、的问题:7 H6 x F; * W8 R34) The arguer ignores other possible factors that may also leads/contribute to_. Perhaps _ Or perhaps _ More over, perhaps _3 T& G9 R& k VM6 Y- m- w( + 0 x w( |. 6 u w/ k6 V) H5 O35) There is a good chance that _/It is entirely/highly possible that_5 o7 dz4 i/ T7 K1 Z4 H% z+ Z&
19、K , p( _3 G( E d: 6 M# V36) The arguer fails to take into account / rule out the possibility 1 K4 W( 4 a3 C- R Kthat _, thus/hence/therefore we can not evaluate the overall effect of _+ I0 ?; s, w4 j1 t, j# O* x1 ) f; L37) The author overlooks the possibility that (only a small portion of )_5 I; x1
20、J1 r( J5 n1 F) x! Z$ B I9 Y- r, G& F4 38) The author also ignores the possibility that _3 O; R4 k9 q9 E8 p1 _G5 W/ B+ N作者偷换概念,错误等同的问题:% 6 T1 E3 e# X, |. R( u5 t) ; F39) The arguer does not differentiate between _ and _/ r; u2 A0 V, S! f- i O/ J# M. h+ L, 0 |, G( d$ y作者提供信息不完全,或所给论据不支持论点的问题:) t Q+ $
21、S% D40) The arguer does not provide/offer any information concerning the _./No information concerning _ is provided.% f+ U# r0 M I3 d8 M5 W- t) S- S6 D4 t/ G5 V) P6 _- t5 h41) However, this evidence provides little credible support for the arguments/editorials conclusion/assertion.! _- V! Z$ ; L, m)
22、 B- u. + uU, rj- D42) The evidence involving _ does not adequately show that _3 F+ i TV8 u2 v$ G% |6 |8 r43) A reduction/increase in the A rate does not necessarily indicate a reduction/increase in overall A rate.& Z n7 - k6 u5 M- v: O* 7 k& M& 44) For the majority of _ it is probably more important
23、 to _.Thus, I cannot accept the authors sweeping recommendation for all _7 + k6 b8 d% k! R) $ h- w: * ) z6 n9 M作者假设前提谬误问题:7 Z8 S/ A0 b % % B6 ) _45) The assumption that _ is unfounded/unwarranted/suspicious/unreliable/unconvincing/groundless/suspect able. $ y0 L! c4 n. L7 W2 p; T4 s$ S( p8 A) o6 E46
24、) No evidence could indicate that _) |, J. Jd. a I5 5 k) z6 z( J; P4 I% , m# w. 1 t47) The author unfairly/fallaciously/falsely assumes that _! E1 X$ N! R e J+ w: ( i K6 V7 V6 f A8 Y1 S* l48) The number of _(physicians) does not necessarily indicate the quality of _(health care)/leads to the result
25、that_.3 x: u4 * m% 8 T) i* U+ T$ l! u/ e- q1 t, Z4 x49) Credibility of the evidence and feasibility of the conclusion is open to doubt) r% P- W: L0 Z7 M0 & o% 9 E Q7 i% M+ d. D6 w$ f50) The authors assumption that _ is unsupported. b7 U! cu: Z, t8 K9 l0 z2 j8 P: U1 r( ?! R作让步假设,推出谬误类句型: % f0 l) r6 R
26、. N# + D% n% W51) Granted that A /even is A is true, there is no guarantee that/it does not necessarily follow that _. /Even though, it is true that _! x U 7 A, A q; _- z( a) D2 r& T% 6 d ?9 N52) Even if A was responsible for B, the editorials claim that _ is unwarranted.+ b+ V. p9 H; H$ Y; ; f% K&
27、I) _+ M cq! r7 W% e5 ?53) Even assuming _, the author unfairly infers that _! k7 T1 C0 E7 3 m8 : W8 B3 B( k+ - q其他论述段结尾句:4 Z* x$ B$ C; x2 x0 t% 54) In short, without ruling out other possible explanations for the difference between _/(scenarios), the author cannot safely/reasonably conclude that/(re
28、asonably rely on these statistics to support the claim that) _* f# W% x) S. j( ; 9 4 r) k; T( . a, O55) In short, without evidence that all other conditions that might affect _, the authors claim that _ is dubious at best.3 a# f0 O3 l% B/ N; 2 ( n2 w& K$ $ o# M总结,结论用语:8 E5 4 A$ O( f, v56) In the abs
29、ence of/Lacking data concerning that total amount of _, the credibility of the result of the survey is skeptical /unfounded/groundless/open to doubt.& c( 1 t& x% o% - H7 z9 t; x! m, N- B y F+ T! j5 T57) Unless the arguer can provide substantial/valid/solid/concrete evidence concerning _, the conclus
30、ion can not be properly/safely drawn,4 - r( n0 d* h1 B9 H: b0 J. o& ?; j$ B1 s7 S5 p58) In sum, the authors evidence accomplishes little toward supporting the authors argument for _. v3 g! 2 5 z* Q6 |* M $ _2 J9 7 U4 V9 t& A8 c, U59) To evaluate the conclusion more efficiently/to make the conclusion
31、 more convincing/to justify this claim, the author must provide supporting evidence.0 r6 v9 l2 3 W, d- Z( l4 $ 1 E8 J5 S; J60) In short, without evidence that all other conditions that might affect _, the authors claim that _ is dubious at best. U1 ?8 0 m; G6 C6 f) D* f2 i: J) E. j7 A. o& d7 D1 A Q6
32、1) In sum, the editorial relies on a series of dubious assumptions, which render it wholly unpersuasive.& gJ2 m M( s; x% Z$ G) | o) g2 k62) To strengthen it(the argument) the author must show that _, and that _2 E2 _8 n$ m$ |2 D8 b/ m# e( n5 S I# L63) To (further) bolster the editorials claims the a
33、uthor must provide clear evidence that reason A , and not some other phenomenon, was in fact responsible for (a increase/decline in _) 4 ) a! f$ k6 o L$ H G+ l5 T; K# g, P8 其他有用句型:* % z : R2 I. N# CT4 P64) Yet common sense informs me that _, J O C* b* ; f# M6 Y# E5 k: z 6 V$ w1 d65) The base amount
34、of donations/the increase is not available.& r) b5 _n$ n0 T, _! R# k% + S2 V1 s: 66) A is a good indication of B 7 1 ?u$ : + 3 X8 d( c/ z( u# n2 I, X67) To support these claims the author points out that _7 V! & r9 c_/ O6 D d! |; t! e+ x- + 68) 1. The major/main flaw/problem with the argument is tha
35、t _. 2. Another flaw that weakens the logic of the argument is that _. 3.Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out that _8 W$ U# l2 X* O# C( B: W3 i6 l$ 2 a% h4 W5 c2 b9 a! x0 & E69) 1. To begin with, the author has failed to convince me that _ w7 t# zn( N6 C E, g6 2 q6 D+ f, h, U% y) 8 z0 g2. Moreover 3. Even if4. Even assuming _