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1、第二章 第四节抽象名词避虚就实CONTENTS内 容 简 介抽象与具体范例讲解习题讲解第四节 抽象名词避虚就实抽象与具体英语的抽象表达法(method of abstract diction)大量使用抽象名词 表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪 西方的哲学根基 崇尚抽象思维英语中的词义虚化手段 虚化词缀构词 词化手段（lexicalisation）介词抽象 VS.具体第四节 抽象名词避虚就实抽象与具体汉语的具体表达法 哲学基础：儒道佛的悟性 擅长直觉思维和形象思维 汉语是意象性语言汉语中的动词化表达法(verbal style)意义生动活泼，丰富多彩 抽象词语的缺乏 名词难辨“具体”或“抽象”抽象 V
2、S.具体第四节 抽象名词避虚就实抽象与具体1、用动词取代抽象名词英语的抽象名词的翻译2、用范畴词使抽象概念具体化3、用具体的词语阐释抽象的词义4、用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解联合国文件2030年可持续发展议程 措辞严谨 行文准确清晰 文体严谨庄重第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解例例1We are meeting at a time of immense challengesto sustainable development.challenge（名词意味）变为“遭遇”（动词意味）可持续发展遭遇巨大挑战第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解例例2Global healt
3、h threats,frequent and intensenatural disasters,spiralingconflicts,violentextremism,terrorism,relatedhumanitariancrisesandforceddisplacementofpeoplethreaten to reverse much of the developmentprogress made in recent decades.翻译策略：根据短语内部的逻辑关系，将抽象名词表达式转化为动态表达式。具体办法：1、转换词性；2、补充未尽的动词意义第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解例例2G
4、lobal health threats,frequent and intensenatural disasters,spiralingconflicts,violentextremism,terrorism,relatedhumanitariancrisesandforceddisplacementofpeoplethreaten to reverse much of the developmentprogress made in recent decades.spiraling conflicts：主动关系forced displacement：被动关系frequent and inten
5、se natural disasters：动词意味的frequent、intense第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解例例3Natural resource depletion and the adverseimpacts of environmental degradation,includingdesertification,drought,landdegradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity,addto and exacerbate the list of challenges whichhumanity faces.抽象
6、名词主谓短语depletion：（自然资源）枯竭degradation：（环境）退化loss：（生物多样性）丧失第四节 抽象名词避虚就实范例讲解例例4Unemployment is a major concern.unemployment：employ+抽象词缀=虚化，添加范畴词：失业问题问题a major concern抽象名词短语汉语成语“备受关注”第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解二十国集团领导人应对新冠肺炎特别峰会声明第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习1Wefullysupportandcommittofurtherstrengthen the WHOs mandate in co
7、ordinatingthe international fight against the pandemic,including the protection of front-line healthworkers,delivery of medical supplies,especiallydiagnostic tools,treatments,medicines,andvaccines.名词短语调整为动宾短语 protection转换为动词“保护”delivery转换为动词“提供”第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习2We acknowledge the necessity of ur
8、gent short-term actions to step up the global efforts to fightthe COVID-19 crisis.名词串联调整为动词连用“有必要采取紧急短期举措”第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习3We will continue to conduct bold and large-scalefiscal support.增加范畴词 翻译为“财政支持措施措施”第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习4The magnitude and scope of this response willget the global economy ba
9、ck on its feet and set astrong basis for the protection of jobs and therecovery of growth.the recovery of growth recovery表示“恢复”的动作行为 growth是受动作“恢复”支配的对象 两个名词在逻辑关系上为动宾关系 the recovery of growth：恢复经济增长 the protection of jobs：保护工作岗位第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习5Consistent with the needs of our citizens,wewill wo
10、rk to ensure the flow of vital medicalsupplies,critical agricultural products,and othergoods and services across borders,and work toresolve disruptions to the global supply chains,to support the health and well-being of allpeople.disruptions to the global supply chains 对应翻译：全球供应链中断 句子语境要求：解决+全球供应链中断
11、问题问题第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习6We consider that consolidating Africas healthdefence is a key for the resilience of globalhealth.补充未尽的动词意义：提升提升全球卫生韧性的关键。”第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习7We value the efforts to safeguard our peopleshealth through the postponement of major publicevents,inparticularthedecisionbytheInter
12、national Olympic Committee to reschedulethe Olympic Games to a date no later thansummer2021.WecommendJapansdeterminationtohosttheOlympicandParalympicGamesTokyo2020intheircomplete form as a symbol of human resilience.推迟postponement举行大型公共活动日本决心determination完整举办2020年东京奥运会和残奥会第四节 抽象名词避虚就实习题讲解练习练习7We commend Japans determination to host theOlympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 intheir complete form as a symbol of humanresilience.a symbol of human resilience 名词意味：人类坚韧不拔的象征 动态意味：象征了人类的坚韧不拔抽象名词避虚就实英译汉部分 第二章 词汇的翻译结合语境确定词义根据原文逻辑确定词义根据文体确定词义抽象名词避虚就实英译汉部分 第二章 词汇的翻译