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1、南京农业大学微生物学试题 注：1.1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。2.2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。试卷若有雷同以零分计。一、名词解释(65)：1.Colony 菌落2.Virus 病毒3.Biogeochemical cycle4.Medium 培养基5.Tansduction 转导6.Mycorhiza 菌根二、问答题(70 分)1.What are the major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria？(5 分)什么是
2、主要差异在革兰氏阳性之间，革兰阴性菌?2.Distinguish between(a)phototrophs and chemotrophs,(b)Lithotrophs and organotrophs.(4 分)区分(一个)光能营养型，化能营养，(b 淋巴细胞)无机营养生物，有机营养菌。3.Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.What is the difference in energyproduction?(8 分)酵母能在需氧的，厌氧条件下增长。有什么不同在能源生产?4.Draw a typical b
3、acteria growth curve.Explain each phase.(8 分)In what circumstance,filtrationand pasteurization methods are useful?(6 分)画一个典型细菌生长曲线。说明每个相。(8 分)在什么环境，过滤，巴氏消毒法方法有用?5.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample,which method is the best?List theprocedures.(10 分)要确定一个土壤样品的可行的计数，哪种方法是最好的吗？列出的程序。6.The d
4、onor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead.Explain why.(2 分)7.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzymes,and DNA ligase in molecularcloning?(6 分)在分子克隆的克隆载体，限制性内切酶和DNA 连接酶的作用是什么？8.What does the term“antagonism”means?Explain the usefulness in biological control.(4分)9.Expl
5、ain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis:infection,host specificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house?(10分)在豆科根瘤菌共生的感染，宿主特异性，效益，竞争力。温室共生效益如何评价？10.List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification.(7 分)列出分类的分类层次。微生物学试题 本试题一共 2 道大题，共 2 页
6、，满分 100 分。考试时间 120 分钟。总分阅卷人核分人题号题分得分一二三四五六七八九十注：1.1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。2.2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。试卷若有雷同以零分计。一、名词解释(65)：1.Bacterial chemotaxis细菌的趋化作用2.Lichen 地衣3.Chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养生物4.Colony 菌落5.Biogeochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环6.Conjugation 接合二、问答题(70 分)1.What are the un
7、ique features of microorganisms gram-positive？(10 分)2.Why does Gram-staining procedure stain some bacteria purple-violet and others red?(10 分)3.Explain the term“medium”,what is the purpose to make a selective medium?(10 分)4.To determine the viable counts of a soil sample,which method is the best?Lis
8、t the procedures.(8 分)5.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzyme and DNA Ligase in molecular cloning?(12 分)6.Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis:infection,host specificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house?
9、(20分)复习题复习题Questions-1Questions-11What are the unique features of microorganism?2List several applied areas of microbiology.Describe the importance of microorganisms in eachof these applied fields.3Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.4What are some major differences betw
10、een gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.5Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts.6Define the following termsArchaea 古菌,flagellum 鞭毛,bacterial chemotaxis 细菌的趋化作用,capsule 荚膜,spore 孢子,cyst mesosome plasmid 质粒,simple staining简单染色,Gram staining 革兰氏染色,colony 菌落,lytic bacteriaphage 噬菌体裂解,
11、Viruse,HIV,SARS,pseudopodia 伪足,cyanobacteria 蓝细菌,Algae protozoa,Lichen 地衣,mycorrhiza 菌根,yeast 酵母菌,mold 霉菌,fungi 真菌.7 List the sexual spores and asexual spores of fungi.8What is the unique about the class Deuteromycetes,making it different from other classes offungi?Questions-2Questions-21What are th
12、e nutrients that microorganisms require?And what are the functions of thesenutrients?2 Distinguish between(a)phototrophs and chemotrophs,(b)Lithotrophs and organotrophs,and(c)autotrophs and heterotrophs.3Explain the term“medium”.What is the purpose of make a selective medium?4Under what circumstance
13、 might you wish to use silical gel as a solidifying agent for a culturemedium?5Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.What is the difference in energyproduction.6Describe the process of passive diffusion.7How is passive diffusion differentiated from facilitated diffusion?8How is
14、group translocation similar to and different from active transport of solutes?Questions-3Questions-31Explain the following terms:growth,pure culture,continuous culture,batch culture,synchronous growth,sterilization,disinfection,antisepsis,optimum temperature,generation time,acidophile,facultative an
15、aerobe.2Describe the methods for isolating pure culture.3Differentiate the batch culture and continuous culture,Indicate their advantages anddisadvantages.4 To determine the viable counts of a solid sample,which method is the best?List the procedures.5In what circumstance,filtration and pasteurizati
16、on methods are useful?6Draw a typical bacteria growth curve.Explain each phase.Questions 4Questions 41Explain the following termsAuxotroph,Genotype,phenotype,genome,mutant,mutagen,point mutation,DNA recombination,conjugation,transduction,transformation,Cloning vector,molecular cloning,polymerase Cha
17、inreaction,spontenous mutation,competence2Describe the phenotypic changes due to gene mutation3Describe the procedures of replica plating technique for isolation of mutants.4The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead.Explain why.5In conjugation,how are donor and recipient cells br
18、ought into contact with each other?6What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction enzymes,and DNA ligase in molecularcloning?7What are the advantages of using plasmid PBR322 as a cloning vector?Questions-5Questions-51Explain thenfollwing termsBiogeochemical cycle,Rhizosphere,Neutralism,Mutualis
19、m,Commensalism,Competition,Parasitism,Predation,Denitrification,Nitrification,Nitrogenase,Leghemoglobin,PGPR2In nitrogen cycle,what are the microorganisms and their functions in the transformation ofnitrogen forms?3What does the term“antagonism”means?Explain the usefulness in biological control.4Exp
20、lain the following terms in Rhizobium legume symbiosis:infection,host specificity,effectiveness,competitiveness.How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house?Questions-6Questions-61List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification.2What is the three-domain classification system?Draw a simp
21、le dendrogram to show theirphylogenetic relationship among the organisms.3There are 50 strains isolated from the root nodules of peanut.These strains are slow-growing,and their taxonomic position is unknown.How do you determine the exact taxonomic position ofpeanut bradyrhizobium?List the major experiments that you plan to do.