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1、.Learning about LanguageLearning about Language重点单词1technology n工艺；科技；技术2intelligent adj智能的；聪明的3explore vt&vi探索；探测；探究4download vt下载5virus n病毒核心短语1make use of 利用2come true 成为现实3as a result 结果4give away 泄露；赠送经典句式1By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true到我十六岁的时候，我的梦想实现了。2The company has given i
2、ts computers away to a local school该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了电脑。1 1As time went by I did research into how to make my radioAs time went by I did research into how to make my radio(教材 P P2020)随着时间的推移，我研究如何制作我的收音机。(1)在本句中，As time went byAs time went by 为 as 引导的时间状语从句，as 引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着，当时”，强调主从句的谓语动作同时发生。AsAs she
3、grew older she gained in confidence随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。I saw him walking up to the street justasas I was getting on a bus我正要上一辆公共汽车时，看到他向街上走去。(2)as 意为“随着”时，意思同with，但 with 为介词，后面不能跟从句。As time goes by，we all will become olderWith time going by，we all will become older随着时间的流逝，我们都会变老。2 2The company has give
4、n its computers away to a local schoolThe company has given its computers away to a local school(教材 P P2121)这家公司已经把它的电脑捐赠给了当地的一所学校。.give awaygive away 捐赠，赠送；泄露，暴露；颁发，分发They felt like they weregiving awaygiving away company secrets他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的秘密。The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports da
5、y市长在学校运动会那天颁发了奖项。give up 放弃；投降归纳拓展give in(to)屈服；让步give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)give out 用完，耗尽；发出，放出(热、光等)This is a very special flower and it cangive offgive off a fragrant perfume at night这是一种特别的花，晚上它会发出芬芳的香味。The gas gave out on our way to the beach yesterday昨天在我们去海滩的路上油用完了。现在完成时的被动语态1Over time I have be
6、en changedhave been changed quite a lot2First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop，I have been usedhave been used in offices and homessince the 1970s3Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything Ihave been told!have been told!4Since the 1970s many
7、 new applicationshave been foundhave been found for me5I havehave also been putbeen put into robots and usedused to make mobile phones as well as help with medicaloperations一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式否定式一般疑问式特殊疑问式主语have/has been done.主语have/has not been done.Have/Has主语been done.？疑 问 词 have/has 主 语 beendone
8、.？.He has been admittedhas been admitted to the club他已被接纳为俱乐部成员了。Toms novelhas not been publishedhas not been published汤姆的小说还没有被出版。HasHas his bike been repaired?been repaired?他的自行车修好了吗？Who has been invited?has been invited?谁受到了邀请？二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1 表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与 already，ye
9、t，never，recently 等副词及时间状语 so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。The room hashas already been cleanedbeen cleaned这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与 for或 since 等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于 how long 引出的句子中。The machine has been repairedhas been repaired for two hours这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继
10、续被修)3用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。You shouldnt leave school before your homeworkhas been finishedhas been finished在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6 点问题1与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The park was opened to the public last year去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The park has b
11、een opened to the public这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2非延续性动词，如 borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。The work was finished two weeks ago这项工作在两周前已经完成。.The work has been finished这项工作已经完成。3短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It i
12、s said that the problemhas been looked intohas been looked into据说已经调查了这个问题。4只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We have built many houses in the past ten yearsMany houses have been builthave been built in the past ten years5带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy
13、，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。We have given him the bookHe has been givenhas been given the bookThe book has been givenhas been given to him6带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略 to 的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to 的不定式。I have told them to help youThey have been toldhave been told to help you.