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1、虚拟语气考点精讲耀东虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，表示说话者的愿望、假设、怀 疑、猜想或建议，而不表示客观存在。一、高考常考点(一)if引导的虚拟条件句【典例 1 Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell) me, I could have helped.解析：had toldo根据主句谓语could have helped可以判断此句表示与过 去的事实相反，所以从句谓语用过去完成时。【典例 2】If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have beli
2、eved it.解析：hadnt seen0根据主句谓语wouldnt have believed可以判断此句表 示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语用过去完成时。【典例 3 We (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.解析：would beo根据主句中的时间状语now可知，主句表示与现在的事 实相反，所以本空填would be。【典例 4 Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she(live) there, she wouldnt be able
3、 to see her parents very often.解析:were to live/ should live/ livedo根据句意可知，表示与将来的事实可 能相反,所以本空填 were to live/ should live/ livedo【注意】此外这种表示假设条件的虚拟语气还可以倒装，首先将从句中的连 词if去掉，把句中的were, should, had提到主语之前。【典例 5(单句改错)Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fa
4、llen since their highest in 2005.It is obvious that it is the efforts people make that make it possible for the environment to become clean. The main focus of effort must be to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions now. In our daily life, we should try to save electricity, water and gas； we should
5、also start recycling. Whats more, if everyone?. (take) public transportation in the future, there 8. (be) less pollution in the air and the environmental problems 9.(improve). I do desire that one day the earth 10.(become) as beautiful as before.答案(一)单句填空1. wereo根据句意以及主句的谓语would stay可知，表示与现在的事实相 反，从
6、句谓语用动词的过去时，be动词常用were。2. had insisted； (should) go。此句是错综虚拟语气，从句表示与过去 的事实相反，所以从句谓语用过去完成时；insist表示“坚持要求”，后接宾语从 句中的谓语应用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形，should可省略。3. would be。根据句意与从句中的谓语won可知，本句表示与将来的事实 可能相反，所以主句谓语用would be。4. wouldnt/couldnt have finishedo此句是含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相 反，所以本空填 wouldnt/couldnt have finishedo5.
7、go； wento would rather+动词原形表示宁愿现在或将来做某事，所以 第一空用动词原形；“would rather+从句”表示与将来的愿望可能相反，所以从句 谓语用一般过去时。6. knewo if only意为“要是就好了”，谓语动词应用虚拟语气，根据句中 的right now可知，此句表示对现在的事实相反，所以谓语应用一般过去时。7. (should) be provided。此句是由that引导的主语从句，require表示要 求”，与其相关的名词性从句应用虚拟语气,形式是“(should) +do”； provide 与evidence构成动宾关系，所以此空还应用被动语
8、态。8. had goto wish后面接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，从but I failed可知表示 与过去事实相反，所以此句应用过去完成时。9. could have eateno此处表示与过去的情况相反，主句谓语用could have done,表示“过去本来能够/本来会的，但实际情况不是这样”。10. is； would haveo此句是由but for引导的含蓄条件句，that后接同位语 从句，指现在的情况，是事实，所以第一空用一般现在时，而后句表示与现在 的情况相反的虚拟语气，形式是“would+动词原形”。11. was； (should) have。suggest作说明，暗示讲时
9、，从句用陈述语 气,所以第一空填was； suggest作“建议”讲时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should+动词原形，should可以省略,所以第二空填(should) have。12. (should) tryo此句是由that引导的同位语从句，suggestion表示建 议”，与其相关的名词性从句应用虚拟语气，形式是“(should) +do,013. (should) be taken0此句是由that引导的宾语从句，require表示要 求”,与其相关的名词性从句应用虚拟语气，形式是“(should) +do”； take与 measures之间构成动宾关系，所以此空还应用被动
10、语态。14. wouldnt have won0根据句意可知，表示与过去的事实相反，应用wouldn,t+ have done形式。15. would beo此句是错综虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反，而主句表 示与现在的情况相反，所以本空填would be。16. had lockedo根据句中的could have escaped可知，此句表示与过去事 实相反的虚拟语气，因此此空表示过去，lock先于could have escaped这一动 作，即表示“过去的过去”，所以此空用过去完成时。17. If； had been或Had； been。此句是错综条件句，从句表示与过去的 事实相反，
11、所以从句用过去完成时，所以第一空填If,第二空填had been；如 果把连词if去掉，应把助动词had放在句首，即第一空填Had,第二空填been。18. would not be polluted0此句是错综条件句，主句表示与现在的事实相反, 所以用would not+动词原形”;pollute与the river之间构成动宾关系，因此此 句还应用被动语态。19. wouldo本句中主句和if条件从句都表示与现在事实相反的假设，可改为 “You would also look nervous if you had so fierce a competition.”然后采用so+ 情态动词w
12、ould+主语”替换主句形式。20. would have losto此句是由otherwise引导的含蓄条件句，表示与过去 事实相反，所以本空填would have losto（二）单句改错1 .把 hold 改为 held 或在 hold 前力口 should。在It is （about/high） time that 从句”结构中，从句谓语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，但should不可省 略。2 .在answered前加had。wish后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，根据句意 可知，表示与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时，所以在answered前加had。3 .把was改为be
13、。insist作“坚持要求”讲时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should do”形式，should可以省略；insist作“坚持认为/说”讲时，从句不用虚拟 语气。所以应把was改为be。4 .在should后加have。根据句意可知，表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没 有做到，所以在should后加have,在省略句中用助动词have代替完成式。5 .把第二个is改为be。此句是由that引导的主语从句，order意为“命令”, 与其相关的名词性从句应用虚拟语气，形式是“（should） +do”，所以此句应把 is改为be。6 .把have been改为be。此句是错综条件句，从句表示与过
14、去事实相反, 而主句表示与现在的情况相反，所以应把have been改为be。7 .把be改为have been。此句是含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反，所以 应把be改为have been。8 .把were改为had been。此句是由as if引导的方式状语从句，根据句意 可知，表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，所以应把were改 为 had been。9 .把Would改为Should。根据句意可知，表示与将来的事实可能相反，应 把 Would 改为 Shouldo10 .把were改为would be。此句是含蓄条件句，表示与现在的事实相反， 所以应把were改为would
15、 be。(三)语法填空【语篇解读】本文讲述了由于人类活动导致全球变暖，对此我们应采取一些 应对措施。1. wereo wish后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示与现在的事实相反，从 句应用一般过去时，所以此空填were。2. could breatheo if only意为要是就好了，根据句意可知，表示与现在的事实相反，从句应用一般过去时，故填could breathe。3. (should) doo suggest表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时应用虚拟语气， 从句谓语用“(should) +动词原形，should可省略。4. endedo在as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，常用虚拟语气，
16、根据 句意可知，表示与现在的事实相反，从句应用一般过去时，所以此空填ended。5. should be taken 或 was taken0 take 与 measures 之间构成动宾关系，所 以此空应用被动语态；在It is (about/high) time+that从句结构中，从句谓 语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，但should不可省略。6. would be destroyed0 destroy与the earth之间构成动宾关系，因此此句 应用被动语态；此句是由。therwise引导的含蓄条件句，根据句意可知，表示与 现在的事实相反，所以此处填would be de
17、stroyedo7. takeso此句是由if引导的真实条件句，表示将来的概念，从句应用一般 现在时代替一般将来时，所以此空填takes。8. will beo此句是由if引导的真实条件句，表示将来的概念，主句应用一般 将来时，所以此空填w川beo9. will improveo此句是由if引导的真实条件句，主句又嵌套了一个由and 引导的并列句；表示将来的概念，主句应用一般将来时，所以此空填will improveo10. (should) becomeo desire意为渴望，后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should) do”形式,should可省略。解析：把have改为ha
18、do根据题干中的“would not have fallen”可知主句是 对过去的虚拟，所以从句用“if the governments and scientists had not worked togethe广与主句保持一致。If引导的虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去， 将had提前到主语之前构成倒装结构。【典例 6there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.解析：Were。根据主句谓语用“would+动词原形以及句意可知，表
19、示对现在 情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般过去时,将连词if去掉,那么把were提到主语之前。(二)含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过暗含的含蓄条件 with, without, but, but for, but that, or, otherwise 引起的短语或句 子来代替if引导的虚拟条件句。 &with/without/ But for. &现在 &would/could+动词原形 &过去 &would/could+ have done &【典例 1 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway(write) his fa
20、mous novel A Farewell to Arms.解析：wouldn,t have writteno 根据句中的“without his wartime experiences 可知描述的情况是对过去情况的否认猜想，故主句用wouldnt have writteno【典例 2 It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have) nowhere to stay now.解析：would haveo or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.呻艮
21、据句中的 now 口J矢口，是对现 在情况的虚拟，故本空填would have。【典例 3 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we(visit) more places of interest yesterday.解析：would have visitedo根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知，此题是对 过去情况的虚拟，前句表示“我们在那个小山村迷路了”这一过去的客观事实， otherwise后接的句子是对过去的虚拟，故本空填would have visitedo【典例 4 We (put) Johns name on the
22、 race list yesterday but for his recent injury.解析：would have puto but for相当于而thout,可与if引导的虚拟条件句替 换；由句意可知，与过去事实相反，故本空填would have put。【典例 51People are recycling many things which they (throw) away in the past.解析：would have throwno此句是由which引导的定语从句，是一个隐含 的虚拟语气，in the past相当于If they had been in the past,
23、所以此定语从句 应用虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，故本空填would have thrown。【注意】without/ but for.= if it were not for sth/ if it had not been for sth.= were it not for sth/ had it not been for sth.要不是， 假设三。【典例6(完成句子)If it (要不是)his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.解析：had not been foro根据从句中的时间状语the other day可知，
24、从句 表示与过去的事实相反，主句表示与现在的事实相反，从句谓语应用过去完成 时。(三)wish (if only, as if/though)后接从句中的虚拟语气 &wish (if only, as if/though) &谓语动词形式 &现在 &一般过去 时 &过去 &过去完成日寺 &将来 &would/could+动词原形 &1 .wish +宾语从句。【典例 11 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.解析：dancedo wish后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反， 从句用一般过去时。【典
25、例 2】(单句改错)I wish I were at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.解析：把were改为had been。根据句意与句中的时间状语last Tuesday 可知，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用过去完成时。2.if only +陈述句。常用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“要是就好了”。“if only+ 句子”相当于“How I wish+ that从句，【典例】（单句改错）If only he lay quietly as the doctor instr
26、ucted, he would not suffer so much now.解析：把lay改为had lain。根据语境可知，此句表示过去不能实现的愿望， 因此从句用过去完成时。3.在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，常用虚拟语气。【典例 1】（单句改错）It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I did it?解析：把did改为had done。根据前一句中的was可知，打破玻璃是过去 发生的事情，表示与过去事实相反，所以as if引导的方式状语从句应用过去完 成时。【典
27、例 2 Dont handle the vase as if it （be） made of steel.解析：were。根据语境可知，as if引导的状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚 拟语气，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，如果谓语动词是be动词，应使用wereo【注意】在as计/as though从句中，有时用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情 况往往是可能发生的或者可能被设想为真实的。例如：Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if its going to rain!（四）would rather后接从句中的虚拟语气&would rather&从句谓语动词形式&现
28、在/将来&一般过去时&过去&过去完成时&【典例】（单句改错）We would rather our daughter had stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.解析：去掉hado would rather后接的从句用虚拟语气，but it is her choice 说明是对现在的虚拟，故用动词的一般过去时。（五）should型虚拟语气1 .宾语从句中的虚拟语气一个坚持（insist）,二个命令（order, command）,三个要求（demand, request,
29、 require）,四个建议（suggest, advise, propose, recommend） 与desire （希望，渴望）等动词后接的宾语从句中，从句谓语用“（should） do” 形式。【典例 1】（单句改错） Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.解析：删除can或把can改为should。动词suggest表示建议”，后接的宾 语从句要用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语用“（should） +动词原形”，所以本句可以 删除can或把can改为should。【典例 2 Eye doctors rec
30、ommend that a childs first eyeexam （be） at the age of six months old.解析：（should） be。recommend表示建议”时，后接宾语从句中的谓语 动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可省略。【注意】suggest作“建议”讲时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词 原形，should可以省略；suggest作“说明，暗示”讲时，从句不用虚拟语气；insist 作“坚持要求”讲时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should do”形式，should可 以省略；insist作“坚持认为/说”讲时，从
31、句不用虚拟语气。2 .主语从句中的虚拟语气在主语从句“It is necessary/ important/essential/ strange/ unusual/ natural/ surprising/suggested/ required/ ordered/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ + that 从 句”的结构中，that从句的谓语有时用“（should） do”这样的虚拟语气形式。【典例】（单句改错）In this country it is required that anyone who have recently come here have to
32、 pass this kind of test.解析：把第一个have改为has。由that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，而 这个主语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句，定语从句不能用虚拟语气；此外定语 从句谓语动词的单复数应与其前的先行词anyone保持一致，所以定语从句的谓 语动词应用第三人称单数。3 .表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 order, command； demand, request, requirement； advice, suggestion, recommendation, proposal, plan, idea 等名词后的表语从 句、同位语从句中，谓语用（should）
33、 do形式。【典例】（单句改错）After my effort, I at last persuaded him into taking my advice that he was operated on at once.解析：把was改为（should） be。advice意为建议”，后接的同位语从句 中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do形式，should可以省略。（六）It is （about/high） time+that 从句”结构 < is （about/high） time that从句&从句谓语动词形式&一般过去 时 &should+动词原形（should不可省略）&【
34、典例】（单句改错）Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he do something instead of just talking.解析：把 do 改为 did 或在 do 前力 should。在句型Its high/about time that 从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should do,但should不可省略。二、高考易错易混点（一）错综时间条件句有时条件从句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，这时应按各自的动作时 间搭配来调整相应的结构形式。【典例 1 If he had spent more time practicing
35、 speaking English before, he would have been able to speak it much better now.解析：把have been改为be。此题是由if引导的虚拟条件句。根据从句的 时间状语before可知，从句表示与过去的事实相反,所以从句用过去完成时态； 根据主句的时间状语now可知，表示与现在的事实相反，因此把have been改 为be。【典例 2 If we booked a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.解析：在booked前加had。根据语境可知，这是
36、一个错综虚拟条件句。从 句表示与过去的事实相反，所以从句用过去完成时。(二)虚实错综句所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子，这就要 我们细心判断哪一处应使用虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。【典例 1 】(单句改错)I would go to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.解析：把go改为have gone。这是由but引导的虚实条件句，根据句中的 时间状语last night可知，前一句表示与过去的事实相反，所以用would+have done”形式；第二个句子陈述过去的事实，
37、不用虚拟语气。典例 2(单句改错)We could face the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?解析：把 face 改为 have faced。句中的but why didnt you tell me表示过 去的真实情况；第一个句子表示与过去的事实相反，是对过去情况的虚拟，故 把 face 改为 have faced o三、巩固性练习(一)单句填空，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. If it(be) not for the climate, I would stay here much longer.2. If he (ins
38、ist) that he(go) to work there, everything would be OK now.3. It (be) cool if I won this contest. I dont think Im good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.4. We (not finish) the project on time without your timely help.5. I would rather (go) to work after my graduation, but my father would
39、 rather I (go) abroad for further education.6. The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I (know) whafs going on in my little boys head right now.”7. It is required by law that enough evidence (provide) to prove one is innocent of a crime.8. Jeff, whafs up? You are not yourself today.Oh, Mom. I
40、really wish I (get) the chance but I failed.9. Dont be angry with us. We (eat) out with you together, but we were busy with our final reports when you called in.10. But for the fact that China (be) also affected by the global economic crisis, we (have) fewer unemployed workers now.11. Janes pale fac
41、e suggested that she (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (have) a medical examination.12. The teachers suggestion that we (try) once more is a great encouragement to us.13. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures (take) by the government.14. Had it not been for my t
42、eachers help, I (win) the first place in the English Oral competition.15. If you had listened to me, we (be) at the party now.16. They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone (lock) the door.17. he (be) here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today.18. If we had
43、taken such effective measures much earlier, the river (not pollute) so seriously now.19. 一Max looks nervous.So you if you had so fierce a competition.20. It was lucky that little Jack was not at home when the fire broke out； otherwise, he(lose) his life.(二)单句改错1. I think it is about time that we hol
44、d a meeting to discuss this problem.2. When you phoned me, I was having a meeting； How I wish I answered your call.3. The girl insisted that she wasnt wrong and that she was sent back to the classroom.4. Why didnt you come to the party?一Well, I should, but I had an unexpected guest at that moment.5.
45、 It is ordered that no smoking is allowed in public places.6. Had you listened to your mother, you would have been all right now.7. But for your timely help, I would be in the traffic jam for a long time.8. They met for the first time, but they talked happily as if they were good friends for a long
46、time.9. Would you need any help, you could always phone me at the office.10. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth were about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.(三)语篇填空Over years I have been wishing 11. (be) a bird flying freely in the clear and clean sky. However, the earth is becomi
47、ng warmer and warmer and it is human activity that has caused this global warming. People suffer more from the natural disasters, pollution, global warming and so on. If only we 2. (can breathe) clean and fresh air every day!What do you suggest that we 3. (do) to save our earth? When everything is out of order, it looks as if the world 4. (end). It is high time that some effective measures 5. (take) to stop the damage to the earth, otherwise, the earth6. (destroy) by human beings.