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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。合同法英文版-CONTRACTLAWOFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINAAdoptedandPromulgatedbytheSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeoplesCongressonMarch15,1999.Translated&CompiledbyJohnJiang&HenryLiuGENERALPRINCIPLESChapterOne:GeneralProvisionsArticle1PurposeThisLawisformulatedinor
2、dertoprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofcontractparties,tosafeguardsocialandeconomicorder,andtopromotesocialistmodernization.Article2DefinitionofContract;ExclusionsForpurposesofthisLaw,acontractisanagreementbetweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizationswithequalstanding,forthepurposeofestab
3、lishing,altering,ordischargingarelationshipofcivilrightsandobligations.Anagreementconcerninganypersonalrelationshipsuchasmarriage,adoption,guardianship,etc.shallbegovernedbyotherapplicablelaws.Article3EqualStandingofPartiesContractpartiesenjoyequallegalstandingandneitherpartymayimposeitswillontheoth
4、erparty.Article4RighttoEnterintoContractVoluntarilyApartyisentitledtoenterintoacontractvoluntarilyunderthelaw,andnoentityorindividualmayunlawfullyinterferewithsuchright.Article5FairnessThepartiesshallabidebytheprincipleoffairnessinprescribingtheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Article6GoodFaithThepa
5、rtiesshallabidebytheprincipleofgoodfaithinexercisingtheirrightsandperformingtheirobligations.Article7LegalityInconcludingorperformingacontract,thepartiesshallabidebytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations,aswellasobservesocialethics,andmaynotdisruptsocialandeconomicorderorharmthepublicinterests.
6、Article8BindingEffect;LegalProtectionAlawfullyformedcontractislegallybindingontheparties.Thepartiesshallperformtheirrespectiveobligationsinaccordancewiththecontract,andneitherpartymayarbitrarilyamendorterminatethecontract.Alawfullyformedcontractisprotectedbylaw.ChapterTwo:FormationofContractsArticle
7、9Capacity;ContractthroughAgentInenteringintoacontract,thepartiesshallhavetheappropriatecapacitiesforcivilrightsandcivilacts.Apartymayappointanagenttoenterintoacontractonitsbehalfunderthelaw.Article10FormsofContract;WritingRequirementAcontractmaybemadeinawriting,inanoralconversation,aswellasinanyothe
8、rform.Acontractshallbeinwritingifarelevantlaworadministrativeregulationsorequires.Acontractshallbeinwritingifthepartieshavesoagreed.Article11DefinitionofWritingAwritingmeansamemorandumofcontract,letterorelectronicmessage(includingtelegram,telex,facsimile,electronicdataexchangeandelectronicmail),etc.
9、whichiscapableofexpressingitscontentsinatangibleform.Article12TermsofContractThetermsofacontractshallbeprescribedbytheparties,andgenerallyincludethefollowing:(i)namesofthepartiesandthedomicilesthereof;(ii)subjectmatter;(iii)quantity;(iv)quality;(v)priceorremuneration;(vi)time,placeandmethodofperform
10、ance;(vii)liabilitiesforbreachofcontract;(viii)methodofdisputeresolution.Thepartiesmayenterintoacontractbyreferencingamodelcontractfortherelevantcontractcategory.Article13Offer-AcceptanceAcontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofanofferandanacceptance.Article14DefinitionofOfferAnofferisapartysmanifestation
11、ofintentiontoenterintoacontractwiththeotherparty,whichshallcomplywiththefollowing:(i)Itstermsarespecificanddefinite;(ii)Itindicatesthatuponacceptancebytheofferee,theofferorwillbeboundthereby.Article15InvitationtoOfferAninvitationtoofferisapartysmanifestationofintentiontoinvitetheotherpartytomakeanof
12、ferthereto.Adeliveredpricelist,announcementofauction,callfortender,prospectus,orcommercialadvertisement,etc.isaninvitationtooffer.Acommercialadvertisementisdeemedanofferifitscontentsmeettherequirementsofanoffer.Article16EffectivenessofOffer,OfferthroughElectronicMessageAnofferbecomeseffectivewhenitr
13、eachestheofferee.Whenacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,iftherecipientofanelectronicmessagehasdesignatedaspecificsystemtoreceiveit,thetimewhentheelectronicmessageentersintosuchspecificsystemisdeemeditstimeofarrival;ifnospecificsystemhasbeendesignated,thetimewhentheelectronicmessag
14、efirstentersintoanyoftherecipientssystemsisdeemeditstimeofarrival.Article17WithdrawalofOfferAnoffermaybewithdrawn.Thenoticeofwithdrawalshallreachtheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.Article18RevocationofOfferAnoffermayberevoked.Thenoticeofrevocationshallreachtheoffereebeforeithasdispatchedanoti
15、ceofacceptance.Article19IrrevocableOfferAnoffermaynotberevoked:(i)ifitexpresslyindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable;(ii)iftheoffereehasreasontoregardtheofferasirrevocable,andhasundertakenpreparationforperformance.Article20ExtinguishmentofOfferAnofferisexti
16、nguishedinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(i)Thenoticeofrejectionreachestheofferor;(ii)Theofferorlawfullyrevokestheoffer;(iii)Theoffereefailstodispatchitsacceptanceattheendoftheperiodforacceptance;(iv)Theoffereemakesamaterialchangetothetermsoftheoffer.Article21DefinitionofAcceptanceAnacceptanceistheo
17、ffereesmanifestationofintentiontoassenttoanoffer.Article22ModeofAcceptance;AcceptancebyConductAnacceptanceshallbemanifestedbynotification,exceptwhereitmaybemanifestedbyconductinaccordancewiththerelevantusageorasindicatedintheoffer.Article23TimelyDispatchofAcceptanceAnacceptanceshallreachtheofferorwi
18、thintheperiodprescribedintheoffer.Wheretheofferdoesnotprescribeaperiodforacceptance,theacceptanceshallreachtheofferorasfollows:(i)Wheretheofferismadeorally,theacceptanceshallbedispatchedimmediately,unlessotherwiseagreedbytheparties;(ii)Wheretheofferismadeinanon-oralmanner,theacceptanceshallreachtheo
19、fferorwithinareasonabletime.Article24CommencementofthePeriodforAcceptanceWhereanofferismadebyaletteroratelegram,theperiodforacceptancecommencesonthedateshownontheletterorthedateonwhichthetelegramishandedinfordispatch.Iftheletterdoesnotspecifyadate,theperiodcommencesonthepostingdatestampedontheenvelo
20、p.Wheretheofferismadethroughaninstantaneouscommunicationdevicesuchastelephoneorfacsimile,etc.,theperiodforacceptancecommencesoncetheofferreachestheofferee.Article25ContractFormeduponEffectivenessofAcceptanceAcontractisformedoncetheacceptancebecomeseffective.Article26EffectivenessofAcceptanceAnoticeo
21、facceptancebecomeseffectiveonceitreachestheofferor.Wheretheacceptancedoesnotrequirenotification,itbecomeseffectiveonceanactofacceptanceisperformedinaccordancewiththerelevantusageorasrequiredbytheoffer.Whereacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,thetimeofarrivaloftheacceptanceshallbego
22、vernedbyParagraph2ofArticle16hereof.Article27WithdrawalofAcceptanceAnacceptancemaybewithdrawn.Thenoticeofwithdrawalshallreachtheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptance.Article28LateAcceptanceAnacceptancedispatchedbytheoffereeafterexpirationoftheperiodforacceptanceconstitutesanewoffer,unlesstheof
23、ferortimelyadvisestheoffereethattheacceptanceisvalid.Article29DelayedTransmissionofAcceptanceIftheoffereedispatcheditsacceptancewithintheperiodforacceptance,andtheacceptance,whichwouldotherwisehavereachedtheofferorinduetimeundernormalcircumstances,reachestheofferorafterexpirationoftheperiodforaccept
24、anceduetoanyotherreason,theacceptanceisvalid,unlesstheofferortimelyadvisestheoffereethattheacceptancehasbeenrejectedongroundsofthedelay.Article30AcceptanceContainingMaterialChangeThetermsoftheacceptanceshallbeidenticaltothoseoftheoffer.Apurportedacceptancedispatchedbytheoffereewhichmateriallyalterst
25、hetermsoftheofferconstitutesanewoffer.Achangeinthesubjectmatter,quantity,quality,priceorremuneration,time,placeandmethodofperformance,liabilitiesforbreachofcontractormethodofdisputeresolutionisamaterialchangetothetermsoftheoffer.Article31AcceptanceContainingNon-materialChangesAnacceptancecontainingn
26、onmaterialchangestothetermsoftheofferisneverthelessvalidandthetermsthereofprevailasthetermsofthecontract,unlesstheofferortimelyobjectstosuchchangesortheofferindicatedthatacceptancemaynotcontainanychangetothetermsthereof.Article32TimeofFormationinCaseofMemorandumofContractWherethepartiesenterintoacon
27、tractbyamemorandumofcontract,thecontractisformedwhenitissignedorsealedbytheparties.Article33TimeofFormationinCaseofLettersorElectronicMessages;ConfirmationLetterWherethepartiesenterintoacontractbytheexchangeoflettersorelectronicmessages,onepartymayrequireexecutionofaconfirmationletterbeforethecontra
28、ctisformed.Thecontractisformeduponexecutionoftheconfirmationletter.Article34PlaceofFormation;ElectronicMessagesTheplacewheretheacceptancebecomeseffectiveistheplaceofformationofacontract.Whereacontractisconcludedbytheexchangeofelectronicmessages,therecipientsmainplaceofbusinessistheplaceofformationof
29、thecontract;iftherecipientdoesnothaveamainplaceofbusiness,itshabitualresidenceistheplaceofformationofthecontract.Ifthepartieshaveagreedotherwise,suchagreementprevails.Article35PlaceofFormationinCaseofMemorandumofContractWhereacontractisconcludedbyamemorandumofcontract,itsplaceofformationistheplacewh
30、erethepartiessignorsealthecontract.Article36EffectofFailuretoConcludeContractinWritingWhereacontractistobeconcludedbyawritingasrequiredbytherelevantlaworadministrativeregulationorasagreedbytheparties,ifthepartiesfailedtoconcludethecontractinwritingbutonepartyhasperformeditsmainobligationandtheotherp
31、artyhasacceptedtheperformance,thecontractisformed.Article37EffectofFailuretoSigninCaseofMemorandumofContractWhereacontractistobeconcludedbyamemorandumofcontract,ifpriortosigningorsealingofthecontract,onepartyhasperformeditsmainobligationandtheotherpartyhasacceptedtheperformance,thecontractisformed.A
32、rticle38ContractunderStateMandatoryPlanWherethestatehas,inlightofitsrequirements,issuedamandatoryplanorstatepurchaseorder,therelevantlegalpersonsandotherorganizationsshallenterintoacontractbasedontherightsandobligationsofthepartiesprescribedbytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations.Article39Stan
33、dardTerms;DutytoCallAttentionWhereacontractisconcludedbywayofstandardterms,thepartysupplyingthestandardtermsshallabidebytheprincipleoffairnessinprescribingtherightsandobligationsofthepartiesandshall,inareasonablemanner,calltheotherpartysattentiontotheprovision(s)wherebysuchpartysliabilitiesareexclud
34、edorlimited,andshallexplainsuchprovision(s)uponrequestbytheotherparty.Standardtermsarecontractprovisionswhichwerepreparedinadvancebyapartyforrepeateduse,andwhicharenotnegotiatedwiththeotherpartyinthecourseofconcludingthecontract.Article40InvalidityofCertainStandardTermsAstandardtermisinvalidifitfall
35、sintoanyofthecircumstancessetforthinArticle52andArticle53hereof,orifitexcludestheliabilitiesofthepartysupplyingsuchterm,increasestheliabilitiesoftheotherparty,ordeprivestheotherpartyofanyofitsmaterialrights.Article41DisputeConcerningConstructionofStandardTermIncaseofanydisputeconcerningtheconstructi
36、onofastandardterm,suchtermshallbeinterpretedinaccordancewithcommonsense.Ifthestandardtermissubjecttotwoormoreinterpretations,itshallbeinterpretedagainstthepartysupplyingit.Ifadiscrepancyexistsbetweenthestandardtermandanon-standardterm,thenon-standardtermprevails.Article42Pre-contractLiabilitiesWhere
37、inthecourseofconcludingacontract,apartyengagedinanyofthefollowingconducts,therebycausinglosstotheotherparty,itshallbeliablefordamages:(i)negotiatinginbadfaithunderthepretextofconcludingacontract;(ii)intentionallyconcealingamaterialfactrelatingtotheconclusionofthecontractorsupplyingfalseinformation;(
38、iii)anyotherconductwhichviolatestheprincipleofgoodfaith.Article43TradeSecrets;LiabilityforDisclosureorImproperUseApartymaynotdiscloseorimproperlyuseanytradesecretwhichitbecameawareofinthecourseofnegotiatingacontract,regardlessofwhetheracontractisformed.Ifthepartydisclosedorimproperlyusedsuchtradesec
39、ret,therebycausinglosstotheotherparty,itshallbeliablefordamages.ChapterThree:ValidityofContractsArticle44EffectivenessofContractAlawfullyformedcontractbecomeseffectiveuponitsformation.Whereeffectivenessofacontractissubjecttoanyproceduresuchasapprovalorregistration,etc.asrequiredbyarelevantlaworadmin
40、istrativeregulation,suchprovisionapplies.Article45ConditionsPrecedent;ConditionsSubsequent;ImproperImpairmentorFacilitationThepartiesmayprescribethateffectivenessofacontractbesubjecttocertainconditions.Acontractsubjecttoaconditionprecedentbecomeseffectiveoncesuchconditionissatisfied.Acontractsubject
41、toaconditionsubsequentisextinguishedoncesuchconditionissatisfied.Whereinordertofurtheritsowninterests,apartyimproperlyimpairedthesatisfactionofacondition,theconditionisdeemedtohavebeensatisfied;whereapartyimproperlyfacilitatedthesatisfactionofacondition,theconditionisdeemednottohavebeensatisfied.Art
42、icle46ContractTermThepartiesmayprescribeatermforacontract.Acontractsubjecttoatimeofcommencementbecomeseffectiveatsuchtime.Acontractsubjecttoatimeofexpirationisextinguishedatsuchtime.Article47ContractbyPersonwithLimitedCapacityAcontractconcludedbyapersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilactisvaliduponratifi
43、cationbythelegalagentthereof,providedthatacontractfromwhichsuchpersonaccruesbenefitsonlyortheconclusionofwhichisappropriateforhisage,intelligenceormentalhealthdoesnotrequireratificationbyhislegalagent.Theotherpartymaydemandthatthelegalagentratifythecontractwithinonemonth.Ifthelegalagentfailstomanife
44、sthisintention,heisdeemedtohavedeclinedtoratifythecontract.Priortoratificationofthecontract,theotherpartyingoodfaithisentitledtocancelthecontract.Cancellationshallbeeffectedbynotification.Article48ContractbyUnauthorizedAgentAbsentratificationbytheprincipal,acontractconcludedonhisbehalfbyapersonwhola
45、ckedagencyauthority,whoactedbeyondhisagencyauthorityorwhoseagencyauthoritywasextinguishedisnotbindingupontheprincipalunlessratifiedbyhim,andthepersonperformingsuchactisliable.Theotherpartymaydemandthattheprincipalratifythecontractwithinonemonth.Wheretheprincipalfailstomanifesthisintention,heisdeemed
46、tohavedeclinedtoratifythecontract.Priortoratificationofthecontract,theotherpartyingoodfaithisentitledtocancelthecontract.Cancellationshallbeeffectedbynotification.Article49ContractbyPersonwithApparentAgencyAuthorityWherethepersonlackingagencyauthority,actingbeyondhisagencyauthority,orwhoseagencyauth
47、oritywasextinguishedconcludedacontractinthenameoftheprincipal,ifitwasreasonablefortheotherpartytobelievethatthepersonperformingtheacthadagencyauthority,suchactofagencyisvalid.Article50ContractExecutedbyLegalRepresentativeWherethelegalrepresentativeortheperson-in-chargeofalegalpersonoranorganizationo
48、fanyothernatureenteredintoacontractactingbeyondhisscopeofauthority,unlesstheotherpartykneworshouldhaveknownthathewasactingbeyondhisscopeofauthority,suchactofrepresentationisvalid.Article51UnauthorizedDisposalofPropertythroughContractWhereapieceofpropertybelongingtoanotherpersonwasdisposedofbyaperson
49、withoutthepowertodoso,suchcontractisneverthelessvalidoncethepersonwiththepowertoitsdisposalhasratifiedthecontract,orifthepersonlackingthepowertodisposeofitwhenthecontractwasconcludedhassubsequentlyacquiredsuchpower.Article52InvalidatingCircumstancesAcontractisinvalidinanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(i)Onepartyinducedconclusionofthecontractthroughfraudorduress,therebyharmingthei