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1、八下英语期末复习提纲Unit 1 Will people have robots?1.in the future 在将来2. live to (be) years old 活到岁3.in 100 years 100 years from now 一百年后4.free time 空闲时间 be free 免费；自由5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到6. high school 高中7. computer programmer 电脑程序员8.on a space station 太空站9.fall in love with 爱上 10.go skating 去滑冰11.be able t
2、o 能，会12. I disagree= I dont agree我不同意 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见13.the World Cup 世界杯14.keep pets 养宠物15.job interview 工作面试16.flyto 乘坐飞往e true 实现，成为现实18.see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 see sb doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事19.ones own 某人自己的my own pen20.science fiction movies 科幻影片21.help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事22.hundreds
3、 of数百，成百上千的23.the same as和相同24.wake up醒来；唤醒26.try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事27.get bored 变得厌倦28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地29.make predictions 做预测30.predict the future 预测未来31.look for寻找32.the head of .的老板33.make sb do sth 使某人做某事34.be used by 被用35.less pollution 更少的污染36. live alone 单独居住37.be in diff
4、erent shapes 形状不同38.as a reporter 作为记者39.some.others. 一些另一些40.live in an apartment 住在公寓41.dress casually 穿得很随意本单元目标句型： 1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years? 2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.l few（修饰可数名词）； less（修饰不可数名词）表示几乎没有，有否定之意，；more二者都可以
5、修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will。4. Predicting the future can be difficult.5. I need to look smart for my job interview.6. I will be able to dress more casually.7. I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.8. What will teenagers do fo
6、r fun twenty years from now?9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.本单元语法讲解 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表将来的时间连用，本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next week/month/year;in the future;in 2020； 2.in+ 一段时间 ； 3.how soon；3.祈使句句型中：or
7、/and sb. will do4.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 表示将来时的常见句式：用be doing表示将来：主要是表示按计划，安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置移动的动词；如come ,go, leave,arrive,fly, move,start, 等，也可以用其他动词。 Im doing my homework tomorrow.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。 如： He is going to write a letter tonight. 3.be going to 表示 已有迹象表明即将发生的某种情况。 Look at
8、the clouds. Its going to rain.4.在有条件从句的主句中，多用will, 如：例Be quick, or you will be late.=If you dont be quick, you will be late.Unit 2 What should I do?1. keep out 不准进，阻止进入2.argue with sb. 和争吵 argue about sth. 为争吵3. out of style过时的，不时髦的 in style 流行的，时髦的4. call sb. up = ring sb. up = call/ring/phone sb.给
9、.打电话(代词放中间）5. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 (bring, lend, pass, sell, send, show, take,等与 give 一样)6. a ticket to a ball game一张球赛的门票 (与 ticket 类似的名词有：an answer to the question, a key to the door)7. talk on the phone 在电话中/用电话交谈8. pay for 付的款9. a part-time job 一份兼职工作10. borrow from 从借( 进)11. l
10、end to 把借（出去）给12.ask sb. for sth. 向要 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事13.bake sale 面包或糕饼售买活动14.Teen Talk 青少年论坛15.buy sb. sth. = buy sth for sb. 买给16.the same as 和一样的17.tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事18. want sb. to do sth = would like sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事19.find out 发现
11、；查明；核实20.do sth. wrong 做错某事21.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事22.be angry with 生的气23.pass /fail the test 通过考试/考试不及格24.get on well/badly with 和相处得好（差）25.have a fight with sb. = fight with sb. 与某人打架26.fit in/into 把安排在27.not until 直到才28.as as possible =as as sb. can尽可能plain about doing sth 抱怨，埋怨做某事 compla
12、in to sb 抱怨某人30.take part in = join in 参加（某种活动/集会） join 参加团体、组织31.all kinds of 各种各样的pare with 拿和比较33.on the one hand 一方面 34.on the other hand 另一方面35.by oneself =on ones own 某人自己，独自地36.be surprised at 对感到吃惊37.get a tutor 请家教38. include (doing)sth 包括（做）某事39.give sb some advice(不可数)/suggestions(可数名词） 给
13、某人一些建议40.find+it+形容词+to do sth. ”表示”发现做某事41.organized activities 有组织的活动42.be busy with sth 忙于某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事43.learn to do 学做某事44.under pressure 在压力下45.be the same age as sb.=as old as sb.和某人同龄46.its time for sb. To do sth.=its time for sth. 该到做某事的时候了take from to把从带到write sb.a letter=write
14、 a letter to sb =write to sb. 给某人写信push sb too hard 强逼某人forget sth 忘记某事leave sth somewhere（某地） 将某物忘在某地本单元目标句型： 1. Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?2. What should I do? 我该怎么办 3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信 . You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4. They shouldnt argue. 他们不应该争吵.J5. Why
15、 dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.本单元语法总结：情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (
16、should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - - Yes, you can. / No
17、, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用couldmay, might 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt，表 示 “不可以，禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不 必）. - Must we hand in our exe
18、rcise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时 态 形式。 1. he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age. 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he
19、likes best. Need 既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。 1） need作情态动词，后跟动词原形。表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 1You neednt do it again你不需要再做了。 2He neednt worry about it这件事他无需担心。 2）“need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是： 人need to do 物need doing 物need to be done 1.We need to tell him the truth我们需要告诉他真相。 2.The flowers need watering这些花需要浇水。
20、3.His leather shoes needs to be mended他的皮鞋需要修补。shall, should 1） shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) should表示劝告、建议和命令。 You should go to class right away.六、 will, would 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. Unit 3 What
21、 were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of 在（范围之外）的前面in the front of 在（范围之内）的前面2. barber shop 理发店3. get out of 到外，离开4. walk down/along沿走5.call the police 报警6.take off(飞机)起飞；脱（衣帽）7. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历8. the Museum of Flight 航空博物馆9. take photos照相10. a police officer 警官11. run away
22、 跑开，逃跑12. walk around 四处走走13. think about 考虑，思考，回想14. Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场15. at the doctors 在医务室，在诊所16. in the hospital 在医院工作 in hospital生病住院17. in history 在历史上19. hear about/of 听说，得知20. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不要）做某事21. in silence 沉默不语22. take place（有计划、有安排）发生 happen(意外)发生 sb
23、happen to do sth 某人碰巧做了某事 sth happens to sb 某事发生在了某人的身上23. the World Trade Center 世贸中心（美国）24. in space 在太空25. a national hero 民族英雄26. all over the world = around the world全世界27.You are kidding.你在开玩笑28.follow sb to do sth跟随某人做某事29.shout at 向某人大喊（不礼貌）30.shout to向某人喊叫（担心听不见）31.jump down 跳下32.climb up t
24、he tree爬树33.in a tree在树上（外来的物）34.on a tree在树上（树本身的物）35.have fun= enjoy oneself 玩得愉快36.be destroyed by被毁坏 be killed 被杀害37.have meaning to sb 对某人有意义38.cook dinner 煮饭39.cut hair 理发40.outside the station 在车站外41.sleep late 睡懒觉42.last about 22 hours 持续约22个小时42.do sth. For the first time 第一次做某事43.not all 并
25、非所有44.everyday activity 日常活动本单元目标句型:1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？2. While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV. 当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。3. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.4. You can image how strange it was. 5. I followed it to see where
26、 it was going.6. Isnt that amazing! 7. She didnt thinking about looking outside the station.8.I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 主语+ was/were +V-ing否定句 主语+ was/were+not +V-ing一般疑问句 was/were+主语+V-ing过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，
27、常和表过去的时间状语连用，标志性词语：at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday(last night/sunday.),at +点钟+Yesterday(last night/ Sunday.), when , while 引导的时间状语从句 1. She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。） 2.When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（
28、今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。”是主句，“when，”是从句。）When 和while 的区别1、when，while都有“当时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。 例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，
29、你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2.while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词 只能 是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边
30、看电视一边做家庭作业。 3、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈 妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。过去进行时和一般过去时的区别一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行
31、的动作。I was reading an English novel at 10 last night. 我昨天晚上10点正在看一本英文小说。I read an English novel at 10 last night. 我昨天晚上看了一本英文小说。Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1.soap opera 肥皂剧，电视（连续）剧2.on Friday night 在星期五晚上3.be mad at=be angry with 生的气4.have a surprise partyfor sb 为某人举行一个惊喜晚会5. not anymore 不再，再也不
32、not any longer get nervous 变得紧张direct speech 直接引语 reported speech 间接引语8.first of all首先9.do a homework project 做家庭作业10.pass on 传递pass sth to sbPass on the message to sb 向某人传递信息11.work on 从事，设计，演算，操作12.be supposed to do sth. 被期望（要求）做， 应该做13.be good at doing sth= do well in 擅长15.report card 成绩单16.have
33、a (bad) cold 患（重）感冒17.be in good health=keep/ stay healthy 身体健康18.end-of-year exams 学年考试19.have a big fightwith 和大打一架21.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事22.get over 克服，恢复，原谅23.a poor mountain village 一个贫穷的山村24.sound like+n 听起来像25.Graduate from 从毕业26.In the mail 在邮箱里27.Its a good idea
34、 for sb to do sth某人去做某事是一个好主意28. Chinas rural areas 中国的偏远地区29.sea level 海平面 above sea level海拔30.the thin air 稀薄的空气31.agree with sb./sth. 同意, 与相符（一致）32. both and 两者都33.finish doing sth 完成做某事34.open up 打开，展开，开发，揭露 open up ones eyes to 开拓某人的视野到.35.a good start 一个良好的开端36.care forlook after=take care of
35、照料，照 顾，计较，关心37.in danger 处于危险之中38.start a bad habbit养成一个坏习惯39.copy ones homework抄袭某人的做业40.send ones love 问好41.find science really difficult发现科学真的很难42.make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事43.decide to do sth决定做某事44.there is no difference between .and. 在.和.之间没有区别45.its just that. 只不过，只是46.b
36、e over 结束，完成47.in the city of .市48.a one-year program 一个一年期的项目49.people who need help 需要帮助的人50.something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事本单元目标句型： 转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu sai
37、d (that)the earth turns around the sun.3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7. 情况
38、怎样？ Hows it going? 8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore.9. I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.10. Thats about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love. 11. She said helping others changed her life.12. Young people today need to e
39、xperience different things13. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词sai
40、d，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态， 即 把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 另外，在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时， 仍然用一般现在时。The teacher said,light travels much faster than sound. 老师说：“光的传播速度比声
41、音快多了。”The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。时态变化的一般规律：一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时； 一般将来时 过去将来时； 现在完成时 过去完成时； 一般过去时 过去完成时 人称的变化。人称变化规则“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。即直接引语中的第一人称改为间接引语时与主句的主语保持一致，直接引语中的第二人称改为间接引语时与主句的宾语保持一致，直接引语中的第三人称改为间接引语时人称不变。 例：He said, I like it very much. He
42、said that he liked it very much. 主语 第一人称 第三人称 He said to me, I broke your CD player. He told me that he had broken my CD player. 主语 宾语 第一人称 第二人称 3. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said
43、that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如： “Can you tell me the way to