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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。医学基础词汇-AA-bandA带abdomen腹；腹部abdominalcavity腹腔abductor外展肌；展肌abiogenesis自然发生说；无生源说abiotic（1）非生物的，（2）无生命的ABCbloodgroupABO血型abomasum皱胃aboralsurface反口面abortion流产abscisicacid脱落酸abscission脱离；脱落abscissionlayer离层absolutealcohol纯酒精；无水酒精absoluterefractoryperiod绝对不应期
2、；绝对休复期absorbance吸光度absorbancy吸光度absorption吸收；吸收作用absorptionspectrum吸收光谱abundance丰度；多度abyssalregion深海区acceleration促进作用；加速作用acceptor受体；接受体acceptorsite受体部位accessoryglands附腺；副腺acclimation（1）驯化；风土驯化，（2）适应；acclimatization（1）驯化；风土驯化，（2）适应；accommodation调节；视觉调节；调整作用acellular非细胞的Acetabularia伞藻属acetaldehyde乙醛a
3、ceticacid醋酸aceticalcohol醋酸酒精aceto-orceinstain醋酸地衣红染剂Acetobacter醋酸杆菌属acetone丙酮acetylcholine(ACh)乙醯胆碱；乙?胆碱acetylcholinesterase乙醯胆碱脂?；乙?胆碱脂?acetylcoenzymeA乙醯辅?A；乙?辅?Aachene瘦果acicula针；刺acidhydrolysis酸解；加酸水解acidrain酸雨acid-basebalance酸碱平衡acid-tolerant耐酸的acidophil（1）嗜酸的，（2）嗜酸生物，（3）acidophilic嗜酸的acinourglan
4、d泡状腺acinus腺泡acoelomate无体腔动物acquiredactiveimmunity获得性自动免疫；后天性自动免疫acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)acquiredimmunity获得性免疫；后天性免疫acquiredpassiveimmunity获得性被动免疫；后天性被动免疫Acrania无头类acrosome顶体actin肌动蛋白；肌纤蛋白actinomorphicflower辐射对称花Actinomycetales放线菌目actinomycete放线菌actinomycin放线菌素actionpotential动作电势；动作电位ac
5、tionspectrum作用光谱activatedmacrophage活化巨噬细胞activatedsludgemethod活性污泥法；活性污泥处理法activatedT-cell活化T细胞activation活化；激活activationenergy活化能activator激活物activeimmunity自动免疫activesite活性部位activetransport主动运输actomyosin肌动球蛋白acuity锐度；敏度；分辨能力adaptation适应adaptivebehaviour适应行为adaptiveconvergence适应趋同adaptiveimmunity适应性免疫
6、adaptivemigration适应迁移adaptiveradiation适应辐射Addisonsdisease爱迪生氏病；阿狄森氏病additiveeffect加性效应；累加效应additivegeneaction基因加性作用adductor（1）内收肌；收肌，（2）闭壳肌adenine腺嘌呤adenohypophysis腺垂体；垂体腺性部adenosine腺?adenosinediphosphate(ADP)腺?二磷酸：二磷酸腺?adenosinemonophosphate(AMP)腺?二磷酸：一磷酸腺?adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)腺?二磷酸：三磷酸腺?adeno
7、virus腺病毒adhesion（1）附；附力，（2）粘连adhesiveforce附力；黏附力adiposetissue脂肪组织adolescence青年期adradialtentacle从辐触手adrenalcortex肾上腺皮质adrenalgland肾上腺adrenalmedulla肾上腺髓质adrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic（1）肾上腺素能的；肾上腺素功能的，（2）肾上腺素功能药物adrenergicneurone肾上腺素能神经元；肾上腺素功能神经元adrenocorticotrophichormone促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)adrenocorticotropich
8、ormone(ACTH)adsorption吸附；吸附作用adulthood成年期adventitiousroot不定根aerationtank曝气池aerenchyma通气组织aerialroot气生根Aerobacter气杆菌属aerobe需氧生物；需气菌aerobicrespiration需氧呼吸aerosol(1)气溶胶；气溶胶体，(2)雾剂；喷雾剂aerotropism向氧性；向气性aestivation(1)夏蛰；夏眠，(2)花被卷叠式afferentarteriole输入小动脉afferentbranchialartery入鳃动脉afferentbranchialvein入鳃静脉
9、afferentnerve传入神经；输入神经afferentneurone传入神经元；输入神经元affinity(1)亲和性；亲合性，(2)亲和力；亲合力afforestation造林；植林Africansleepingdisease非洲睡病；非洲昏睡病afterbirth胞衣；胎盘胎膜afterimage后像；残留影像agar琼脂；琼胶；洋菜胶agarculture琼脂培养agarmedium琼脂培养基agarplate琼脂平面agarslant琼脂斜面agaric伞菌；蕈Agaricus伞菌属agedistribution年龄分布agestructure年龄结构agglutination凝
10、集；凝集作用agglutinin凝集素agglutinogen凝集原；凝集素原aggregatefruit聚合果aggregation(1)聚集；聚合，(2)群聚；群栖agranulocyte无颗粒白血球；无颗粒白血细胞airchamber气室airpollutant空气污染物airpollution空气污染airpore气孔airsac(1)气囊，(2)肺泡airspace气室alanine丙氨酸alarymuscle翼状肌albinism(1)白化；白化现象，(2)白化症albino(1)白化体，(2)白化病患者Albugo白菌属albumen(1)蛋白；蛋清，(2)清蛋白；白蛋白，(3)
11、胚乳albumin清蛋白；白蛋白albuminouscell(1)蛋白细胞，(2)胚乳细胞alcohol酒精；醇alcoholicfermentation酒精发酵alderflylarva鱼蛉幼虫aldosterone醛甾酮，醛固酮aleuronelayer糊粉层alga藻；藻类algalbloom藻花；藻类过量繁殖现象alimentarycanal消化道；消化管aliquot等量样本；等分部份alkalaemia碱血症alkalinemedium碱性介质；碱性介体alkaloid生物碱all-or-noneresponse全或无反应all-or-nothinglaw全或无定律allantoc
12、horion尿囊绒膜allantoicacid尿囊酸allantoin尿囊素allantois尿囊allele等位基因allelomorph等位基因allergen过敏素；致敏素；变应素allergy过敏反应；变态反应allopolyploid异源多倍体allopolyploidy异源多倍性Alocasia海芋属alphahelixa螺旋alpha-ketoglutaricacida酮戊二酸alternationofgenerations世代交替altitudeacclimatization高原适应；高空适应alveolus(1)肺泡，(2)齿槽；牙槽ambulacrum步带ametabolo
13、us无变态的ametabolousdevelopment无变态发育amide醯胺；?胺amine胺aminoacid氨基酸aminoacidsequence氨基酸顺序；氨基酸序列aminogroup氨基amitosis无丝分裂ammonia氨ammonification氨化；氨化作用ammonifyingbacteria氨化细菌ammoniotelic排氨的ammoniummolybdate钼酸铵amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术amnion羊膜amnioticcavity羊膜腔amnioticfluid羊水amnioticmembrane羊膜amnioticsac羊膜囊amoeba变形虫a
14、moebicdysentery阿米巴痢疾；变形虫性痢疾amoeboidmovement变形运动amphetamine安非他明；苯异丙胺Amphibia两栖纲amphibian两栖动物；两栖类amphoteric两性的ampicillin氨芐青霉素；氨芐青霉素ampoule安瓿；针药管ampulla壶腹amylase淀粉?amylopectin支链淀粉amylose直链淀粉anabolism组成代谢；合成代谢anaemia贫血anaerobe厌氧生物；厌氧菌anaerobicrespiration缺氧呼吸analcercus尾须analstyle尾针analgesic镇痛剂；止痛剂analogo
15、usorgans同功器官anaphase后期anatomy(1)解剖，(2)解剖学Andalusianfowl安达卢西亚androecium雄蕊群androgen雄激素；雄性激素androsterone雄酮；雄甾酮；雄固酮aneuploid非整倍体aneuploidy非整倍性angiosperm被子植物Angiospermae被子植物纲angstrom(A)*埃anilinedye苯胺染料anilinehydrochloride氢氯化苯胺；盐酸苯胺anilinesulphate硫酸苯胺aniliniumchloride氯化苯胺animalbreeding动物育种；家畜繁育animalhusba
16、ndry畜牧；畜牧业animalpole动物极anion阴离子anisogamete异型配子anisogamy异配生殖annelid环节动物:环节类Annelida环节动物门annualplant一年生植物anualring年轮annularthickening环状加厚annulus环带Anopheles按蚊属anoxia缺氧；缺氧症antagonism拮抗作用；对抗作用antagonisticmuscles拮抗肌antenna触角antennule小触角anteriorchoroidplexus前脉络丛anteriormesentericartery肠系膜前动脉anteriorpituita
17、ry垂体前叶；脑下垂体前叶anteriorsucker前吸盘anteriorvenacava前腔静脉；前腔大静脉anther花药antheridium精子器；藏精器；精器antherozoid游动精子anthocyanidin花色素:；花青素anthocyanin花色素?；花青素?Anthozoa珊瑚虫纲anthropoid类人猿Anthropoidea人猿亚目antibacterialaction抗细菌作用antibiotic抗生素；抗菌素antibioticdisc抗生片；抗菌素片antibody抗体anticanceragent抗癌剂anticoagulant抗凝血剂anticodon反
18、密码子antidiabeticagent抗糖尿病剂antidiuretichormone(ADH)抗利尿激素antigen抗原antigen-antibodycomplex抗原抗体复合物antigen-antibodyreaction抗原抗体反应antigenicstimulus抗原刺激antinistamine抗组胺药;抗组织胺药antimalarial抗疟药antipodalcell反足细胞antipyretic退热剂;解热剂antiseptic防腐剂;消毒剂;抗菌剂antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素antiviral抗病毒的antrum窦;腔anus肛门anvil砧骨aor
19、ta大动脉aorticarch大动脉弓aphid蚜虫apicalbud顶芽apicalcell顶细胞apicaldominance顶端优势;顶芽优势apicalmeristem顶端分生组织Apis蜜蜂属apocarpous离心皮的apoenzyme脱辅基?;?元;?蛋白apoplast非原质体appendage(1)附肢,(2)附器appendicitis阑尾炎appendicularskeleton附肢骨骼appendix阑尾;蚓突aquaculture(1)水产养殖,(2)溶液培养aquarium水族箱aquatichabitat水生生境aquaticplant水生植物aqueoushum
20、our水状液arachnid蜘蛛类动物Arachnida蛛形纲arachnoidmembrane蛛网膜arboreal树栖的Archaeopteryx始祖鸟属archegonium颈卵器;藏卵器;卵器archenteron原肠arcuateartery弓形动脉areolarconnectivetissue网状结缔组织arginine精氨酸aridity(1)干旱,(2)干旱度arolium中垫arrector立肌;毛肌arrectorpili毛肌;立毛肌arrowhead慈菇arterialpressure动脉压;动脉血压arterialsystem动脉系;动脉系统arterialthromb
21、osis动脉血栓形成arteriole小动脉arteriosclerosis动脉硬化;动脉硬化症artery动脉arthritis关节炎arthropod节肢动物;节肢类Arthropoda节肢动物门articularcapsule关节囊articularcartilage关节软骨artificialinsemination人工授精artificialparthenogenesis人工单性生殖;人工孤雌生殖artificialselection人工选择asbestos石棉asbestosis石棉沉着病Ascaris蛔虫属ascocarp子囊果ascomycete子囊菌Ascomycota子囊菌
22、门Ascomycotina子囊菌亚门ascorbate抗坏血酸盐ascorbicacid抗坏血酸ascospore子囊孢子ascus子囊asepsis无菌;无菌法aseptate无隔膜的aseptictechnique无菌技术asexualreproduction无性生殖asparagine天冬醯胺;天冬?胺;天门冬醯胺;天门冬?胺aspartase天冬氨酸?;天门冬氨酸?asparticacid天冬氨酸;天门冬氨酸Aspergillus曲霉属;曲霉属aspirator吸气瓶aspirin阿士匹灵;阿司匹林assay测定;检定assimilation同化;同化作用associationarea
23、联合区associationcentre联合中枢associationneurone联合神经元aster星体asterfibre星丝Asteroidea海星亚纲asthma气喘;哮喘astigmatism散光athletesfoot脚癣atlas寰惟atrialsystole(1)心房收缩;(2)心房收缩期atrioventricularnode房室结atrioventricularvalve房室瓣atrium心房attachedearlobe连生耳垂attenuatedorganism减毒生物attenuatedvaccine减毒疫苗attenuation减毒;减毒作用auditorycan
24、al听道auditorynerve听神经auditoryossicles听小骨Aurelia海月水母属aureomycin金霉素;金霉素auricle(1)心耳,(2)叶耳autecology个体生态学autoclave高压灭菌器;消毒蒸锅autogamy自体受精;自核交配autoimmunedisease自身免疫性疾病;自体免疫性疾病autoimmunity自身免疫性;自体免疫性autolysis自体溶解;自溶autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统autopolyploid同源多倍体autopolyploidy同源多倍性autosome常染色体;体染色体autotomy自切
25、;自割autotroph自养生物;自营生物autotrophicnutrition自养营养;自营营养auxin生长素Aves鸟纲axialfilament轴丝axialskeleton中轴骨胳axil腋axileplacentation中轴胎座式axillaryartery腋动脉axillarybud腋芽axillaryvein腋静脉axis枢椎axon轴突azobacter固氮菌Azoicera无生代Azotobacter固氮菌属azygousvein奇静脉Bbacillus杆菌backmutation反突变backbone脊柱backcross回交backfat背膘backfatthick
26、ness背膘厚度backgroundradiation本底辐射;本底放射backswimmer仰泳bacterialtoxin细菌毒素bactericidal杀菌的bactericide杀菌剂bacteriochlorophyll细菌叶绿素;菌绿素bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriotoxin细菌毒素bacterium细菌balanceofnature自然平衡balanceddiet均衡膳食ballandsocketjoint球窝关节barchart条线图;棒形图;条形图bareye棒眼barb羽支barbule羽小支bark树皮barleymalt大麦芽barnacle藤壸bar
27、oreceptor压力感受器Barrbody巴氏体;巴尔氏小体;性染色质小体barriermethod屏障法basalbody基体basalmetabolicrate(BMR)基础代谢率basalmetabolism基础代谢basalplacentation基底胎座式basalplate基板basecomposition碱基组成basepair碱基对basepairing碱基配对basesequence碱基顺序;碱基序列basementmembrance基底膜baseplate基片baisdiomycete担子菌Basidiomycetes担子菌纲Basidiomycota担子菌门Basidi
28、omycotina担子菌亚门basidiospore担孢子basidium担子basilarmembrance基膜basophil(1)嗜碱的,(2)嗜碱细胞basophilleucocyte嗜碱白血球;嗜碱白血细胞basophilic嗜碱的beak(1)喙,(2)壳尖beaker烧杯beatingtray捕虫盘beetroot甜菜根behaviouraladaptation行为适应belljar钟罩;钟形罩;玻璃钟罩belttransect样带benchmat实验台垫Benedictsreagent本立德试剂Benedictssolution本立德溶液Benedictstest本立德试验be
29、nthic海底的benzoicacid苯酸;苯甲酸beriberi脚气病biceps二头肌bicollateralbundle双韧维管束bicuspidvalve二尖瓣biennial二年生的biennialplant二年生植物bilateralsymmetry两侧对称;左右对称bile胆汁bilecanaliculi胆小管bileduct胆管bileductule胆小管bilepigments胆色素bilesalts胆盐bilirubin胆红素biliverdin胆绿素binaryfission二分裂;二分体分裂binocularvision双眼视觉binomialnomenclature双
30、名法;二名法binomialsystem双名法;二名制bioassay生物测定;生物检定biochemicaloxygendemand(BOD)生化需氧量biodegradable生物可降解的biodegradation生物降解;生物降解作用biodeterioration生物腐蚀biogenesis生物发生说;生源说biogeographicregion生物地理区biohazard生物危害biologicalcontrol生物防治biologicalfiltermethod生物过滤法biologicalindicator生物指示者;指示生物biologicaloxygendemand生物需氧
31、量biomass生物量biome生物群落;生物群落区;生物相biorhythm生物节律biosphere生物圈biosynthesis生物合成biotechniqe生物技术biotechnology生物技术;生物科技biotic(1)生物的,(2)有生命的bioticclimax生物顶极群落bioticcommunity生物群落群biotype(1)生物型;生物类型,(2)同型小种;biozone生物带bipolarneurone两极神经元biramous二支的;二岔的bird鸟birth分娩birthcontrol控制生育;节育birthrate出生率birthweight初生体重biure
32、ttest二缩?试验bivalent(1)二价的,(2)二价染色体bivalve双壳动物;双壳类blackflylarva蚋幼虫bladder(1)囊,(2)膀胱bladderworm囊尾幼虫balstodisc胚盘blastostyle子茎blastula囊胚blight疫病blindspot盲点blinkingreflex瞬目反射bloodcapillary微血管bloodcell血细胞bloodcirculation血液循环bloodclot血凝块bloodclotting(1)血液凝固;凝血,(2)凝血作用bloodclottingfactor凝血因子bloodfluke血吸虫bloo
33、dgroup血型bloodplasma血浆bloodplatelets血小板bloodpressure血压bloodsinus血窦bloodsmear血涂片bloodstream血流bloodsugar血糖bloodtransfusion输血bloodtyping血型检定bloodvessel血管bloodworm红虫blue-greenbacteria蓝绿菌;蓝绿细菌bodycavity体腔bodyfluid体液bodytube镜筒Bohreffect波尔效应boilingtube大试管bolus食团bonelamella骨板bonemarrow骨髓bonetissue骨组织bonyfish
34、硬骨鱼bonylabyrinth骨迷路;骨性迷路bookgill书鳃;叶鳃booklung书肺booster加强剂botulin肉毒毒素;肉毒杆菌毒素botulism肉毒中毒Bowmanscapsule鲍曼氏囊,肾小球囊brachialartery臂动脉brachialvein臂静脉bract苞片bractscale苞鳞bracteole小苞片brainstem脑干branchialarch鳃弓branchialartery鳃动脉branchialvein鳃静脉breastbone胸骨breathingrate呼吸率breeding育种bristle(1)刚毛,(2)剌毛,(3)须,(4)鬃b
35、ristletail衣鱼brittlestar蛇尾海星;海蛇尾broadspectrumantibioltics广谱抗生素;广谱抗菌素bromothymolblue溴百里酚蓝;溴百里香酚蓝,溴麝香草酚蓝bronchiole小支气管bronchitis支气管炎bronchus支气管broodchamber育室broth液体培养基brownalga褐藻Brunnersgland布伦纳氏腺;十二指肠腺brushborder刷状缘Bryophyta苔藓植物门bryophyte苔藓植物;苔藓类buccalcavity口腔bud芽budscale芽鳞budding(1)出芽,(2)出芽生殖;芽殖,(3)芽
36、接buffer缓冲剂buffersolution缓冲液;缓冲溶液bugbulb鳞茎bulbil珠芽bulbourethralgland尿道球腺bulliformcell泡状细胞bumblebee熊蜂;大黄蜂bundlescar维管束痕bundlesheathcell维管束鞘细胞Bunsenburner本生灯burette滴定管buttressroot板根;板状根by-product副产品Ccaddisfly石蛾caddisflylarva石蛾幼虫;石蚕caecum(1)盲肠,(2)盲囊Caenozoicera新生代Caesariansection剖腹取子术caffeine咖啡碱;咖啡因calc
37、areousshell钙质壳calciferol钙化醇calcification钙化;钙化作用calcitonin降钙素calciumcarbonate碳酸钙calculus结石callose胼胝质callus(1)胼胝,(2)愈伤组织,(3)胼胝体calorimeter热量计;量热器Calvincycle卡尔文氏循环calyptra(1)帽状体,(2)蒴帽calyx花萼;萼cambium形成层Cambrianperiod寒武纪camouflage伪装;保护色作用camphor樟脑Canadabalsam加拿大香胶;加拿大香脂canaliculi小管;微管cancer癌cancerouscel
38、l癌细胞canine犬齿canopy树冠层;树冠;冠层capillarity毛细管作用capillary微血管capillarynetwork微血管网capillarytube毛细管capillarywater毛细管水capsid衣壳capsomere衣壳粒;壳粒capsularligament囊状韧带capsule(1)荚膜,(2)孢蒴,(3)蒴果carapace(1)头胸甲,(2)背甲carbamate氨基甲酸脂carbaminocompound氨甲醯化合物;氨甲?化合物carbaminohaemoglobin氨甲醯血红蛋白;氨甲醯血红素,氨甲?血红蛋白;氨甲?血红素carbohaemoglobin碳酸血红蛋白;碳酸血红素carbohydrate碳水化合物carboncycle碳循环carbondating碳定年法;碳年份测定carbondioxide二氧化碳carbonfixation固碳作用carbonmonoxide一氧化碳carbonmonoxidehaem