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1、中考冲刺辅导教案7课程主题： 宾语从句+阅读回答问题学习目标1. 掌握宾语从句的用法2. 掌握阅读回答问题的解题方法教学内容课前热身：1. Tracy saved every coin in order to buy her mum a gift on Mothers Day.(保持句意不变) Tracy saved every coin _ _ she could buy her mum a gift on Mothers Day. （2017崇明二模）【答案】so that2. I am not able to finish this article within three days.(
2、保持句意基本不变) _ is _ for me to finish this article within three-days.（2017奉贤二模）【答案】It; impossible3. She said sorry to Mike. She took his umbrella to home by mistake.(保持句意基本不变) She _ to Mike for _his umbrella by mistake.（2017奉贤二模）【答案】apologized ; taking4.This warning sign tells us not to pick flowers.(保持
3、句意基本不变) This warning sign says, “_ _ flowers!” （2017徐汇二模）【答案】No picking5. Simon didn't go to bed until twelve o'clock last night. (保持句意基本不变) Simon _ _ until twelve o'clock last night.（2017黄浦二模）【答案】stayed up6. We all know the 24th Winter Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2022.(保持句意
4、不变) We all know the 24th Winter Olympic Games will _ _in Beijing in 2022.（2017嘉定二模）【答案】take place7. Be careful, a car is coming! Get out of the way.(保持句意不变)_ _, a car is coming! Get out of the way.（2017金山、长宁二模）【答案】Look out8. Ian promises the technology of his invention is not harmful to the human bo
5、dy.(保持句意基本不变) Ian promises the technology of his invention does_ _ to the human body.（2017徐汇二模）【答案】no harm9. John didnt have his dinner and went to bed last night.（保持句意基本不变） John _ to bed _ his dinner last night.（2017闵行二模）【答案】went; without10. Actually, Stephen cant play table games as well as he say
6、s.(保持句意不变) _ _ Stephen cant play table games as well as he says.【答案】In fact教练对他们说，他们下个月将和美国队打一场比赛。这句话用英文要怎么翻译？宾语从句你会吗？The coach told them that they would have a football match against the American team.知识精讲：知识点一、宾语从句1：宾语从句之单选题的考点1)、宾语从句的连接词 2）、宾语从句的动词时态 3）、从句的语序 注意：宾语从句之单选题的做题步骤和特别注意点第一步：注意宾语从句的连接词；
7、特别注意：whether 在宾语从句中可以和If 互换，但是下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。第二步：注意宾语从句的动词时态是否正确； 特别注意：（1）情态动词could / would位于句首，用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。 （2）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时第三步：注意宾语从句要用陈述语序； 特别注意：有
8、些句子既是问句又是陈述句：Whats wrong with you? Whats the matter with you? Whats the problem with you? 或是以疑问词做主语的句子；e.g.: who is over there? 2：宾语从句之句型转换的考点（1） 两个简单句变成宾语从句；特别注意：连接词（见知识点3补充）、人称变化（人称的变化规则是：一 随主，二 随宾，三不变。具体见后面补充）、动词时态（见知识点4补充）。 （2） 一个宾语从句变成一句简单句：以疑问词+to do 的形式。3：补充：此题直接引语在转换成间接引语时，人称的变化规则是：一随主，二随宾，三
9、不变。1) 一 随主：即直接引语中的代词是第一人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的主语相一致。例如：Tom says, “Im from America.” 汤姆说：“我来自美国。”Tom says (that) he is from America. 汤姆说他来自美国。（I变成了和主语Tom相一致的he）2) 二 随宾：即直接引语中的代词是第二人称时，在间接引语中必须和主句的宾语相一致。例如：She asked me, “Where do you live?” 她问我：“你住在哪里？”She asked me where I live. 她问我我住在哪里。(you变成了和宾语me相一致的I)3）
10、三不变：即直接引语中的代词是第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变。例如：Kate said,” They like reading.” 凯特说：“他们喜欢阅读。”Kate said (that) they liked reading. 凯特说他们喜欢阅读。（they保持不变）4：补充：引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为： A. 连词 if / whether ：原来的直接引语为一般疑问句。Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？B. 连接代词或连接副词：
11、原来的直接引语为特殊疑问句。 Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom can't decide. Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.C. 连词 that ： 宾语从句是原来直接引语中的陈述句 The sun rises in the east. We all know. We all know that the sun rises in the east.5：时态1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾
12、语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。【例题精讲】例1. Do you know _? A. when will the Beijing Olympic Games end. B. when the Beijing Olympic Games will end.C. when would the Beijing Olympic Games end. D. when the B
13、eijing Olympic Games would end.答案：B解析：）每个选项的连接词都一样，所以不用关注）从句要用陈述语序，所以排除A、C ）根据句意和主句动词的时态，宾语从句的时态要用一般将来时，所以排除D例2. The official said they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year. A .makes B. would make C. made D. have made答案：B 解析：此题考察的是宾语从句的动词时态题，主句谓语动词为一般过去，且从句中有表将来的时间标志性词the next year，宾语从句
14、动词时态应为过去将来时，所以答案选B。【巩固练习】1. Could you please tell us _ in Shanghai? A. when will you visit the World Expo B. when you will visit the World Expo C. when the
15、 World Expo will you visit D. when the World Expo you will visit答案：B2. I want to know_. A .when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we sh
16、ould arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at答案：A 3. I have no idea how I can operate the new machine. (改为简单句) I have no idea _ _ operate the new machine.答案：how to 4. Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合为一句) The sales manager wants to know
17、_there _any new markets in Asia.答案：if / whether are 5"Is it the first boys-only school in the city?" asked a parent. (改为宾语从句) A parent asked _ it _ the first boys-only school in the city.答案：if / whether was6.“Who is responsible for the food safety problem？”asked the reporter. (改为宾语从句) The
18、reporter asked _ _ responsible for the food safety problem.答案：Who was 7.Could you tell me _ find another interesting detective story to read? A) where I canB) where can I C) where I couldD) where could I答案：A8. No one can exactly tell us what _. A) does Mona Lisas smile mean B) Mona Lisas smile means
19、 C) Mona Lisas smile does D) does Mona Lisas smile 答案：B9.Could you tell me _? A) when the plane will take off B) when will the plane take offC) when the plane would take off D) when would the plane take off 答案：A10.John realized the danger and he decided immediately _ to do next. A) how B) what C) wh
20、en D) where 答案：B知识点二、回答问题【知识梳理】1题型概述回答问题题型是 “阅读理解”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间,要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。2不同提问方式的回答要点3易错点反义疑问句的回答方式对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑
21、问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。如果确实无法理解，就把反义疑问句变成肯定的一般疑问句，然后再回答；或者采取方法2:陈述部分及疑问部分的否定词调换。反疑疑问句前否后肯例：原文：He made himself comfortable, thought for some minutes until there was complete silence, and then he started to play music that was at first empty and dangerous, but that soon
22、became loud and painful, like the worst thing youve ever heard.问题：The cellist didnt start to play immediately after he sat down, did he? _技巧：回答前否后肯时，yes-的中文意思是不 no的中文意思是是的4解题技巧（1）读懂问题通读全文信息定位准确表达避免答非所问；（2）注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填写；（3）注意文章中的人称和时态，做到问答一致。考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错；（4）灵活运
23、用同义词语的替换和各种句型的不同表达；（5）对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象；（6）在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。有些生词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现that is to say 或者that means等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意；（7）态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。5主观题的解题思路及技巧原则：对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开
24、合理的想象。思路及技巧：（1）句式结构：I think he/she /We need to be /I can learn from him/her （2）具体内容：需要从文章出发，了解全文主旨大意，判断作者的意图，或者全文能够反映出的主旨思想，我们从中得到的启发，再结合现实状态给出自己的观点或想法。（3）措辞上：常可用形容词来回答, 注意不仅仅是good ，great等简单的形容词，根据作者的写作意图回答可选用的形容词：常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词：good好的，kind友善的，nice友好的，polite有礼貌的，clever聪明的，foolish愚蠢的，lazy懒惰的，caref
25、ul细心的，careless粗心的，active 主动的，活跃的，adaptable 适应性强的，ambitious 有雄心壮志的，capable 有能力的，有才能的，confident 有信心的，considerate 体贴的，cooperative 有合作精神的，creative 富创造力的，dependable 可靠的，well-educated 受过良好教育的，energetic 精力充沛的，enthusiastic 充满热情的，faithful 守信的，忠诚的，friendly 友好的，gentle 有礼貌的，hard-working 勤劳的，honest 诚实的，humorous
26、幽默的，independent 有主见的，intelligent 理解力强的，kind-hearted 好心的，responsible 负责的，sincere 真诚的，smart 精明的，strict 严格的等等常用描述行为的形容词：important重要的，necessary必要的，difficult困难的，easy容易的，hard艰难的，dangerous危险的，safe安全的，useful有益的，pleasant舒适的，interesting有趣的，impossible不可能的right正确的，wrong错误的等等6常见提问方式（1）一般疑问句例如：Did Helen help Sahr
27、a to learn English?（2）特殊疑问句（what, how, when, where, why提问）Where was the missing college student found?Why do some experts worry most about young people? How can Internet addicts solve their problem? What might be the title of this passage?(In no more than TEN words)（3）反意疑问句：前否后肯，前肯后否，看作一般疑问句，根据实际情况回
28、答。（4）选择疑问句（避免Yes/No,选择性回答，也可以全部肯定或者否定）例如：Does Mary read space news or business news?（5）最后一题开放型提问，要注意避免使用good, bad, great过于笼统的词汇。要根据文字进行一些更加详细的回答信息。例如：What can you learn from Helen?【例题精讲】例1. 限时6分钟Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was for
29、the American Red Cross when she was in high school.（99题） When she was a school teacher, she also found time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday Fun Day for kids in the community. She also used to volunteer at the Mint Festival every year. One summer, she served food, another year
30、she organized an art programme.After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old.（100题） When her father was older, he was not able to see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading. She decided it would be fun to read to elderly people in her community.
31、 She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put the information in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and her grandchildren.（101题）After a
32、 hurricane(飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre.（102题） She says, “I have always liked the Red Cross because the organization helps people in need, no matter what.”One day, Helen read an article
33、in the newspaper about refugees(难民) who needed to learn English. Now, she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman, from Somalia. Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes walk from where Helen lives.（103）They work on reading and writing skills. Helen gave Sahra a camera and as
34、ked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the book. This helped Sahra learn many new words about her everyday life.（104）Helen says, “The most rewarding(有益的) part of
35、volunteer work is becoming friends with the people I help. They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs.”（105题）99. When was Helens first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross?100. What did Helen do after she retired?101. Why was Ann excited when her book got published?102. Where did Hele
36、n work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross?103. How far is Sahra living and working from Helens home?104. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English?105. What can you learn from Helen?参考答案：99.【参考答案】When she was in high school.【考查形式】疑问词when引导的特殊疑问句【考查类型】细节题【思路解析】根据问题题干Helens first volunt
37、eer experience for the American Red Cross，在文章中定位，即可在第一节中得出答案。分析：特殊疑问句+细节推断题；100.【参考答案】After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old.【考查形式】由what引导的特殊疑问句【考查类型】细节题【思路解析】根据问题题干after she retired可以用定位法在第二节第一句得出答案。分析：特殊疑问句+细节推断题；101.【参考答案】Because she could share her life story with her childr
38、en and her grandchildren.【考查形式】由why引导的特殊疑问句【考查类型】细节题【思路解析】由第一节最后两句话，第四节最后一句话，最后一节第一句分析可推出答案。分析：特殊疑问句+细节推断题；He built these educational toys for children (and teachers )in third world countries. / for poor children.102.【参考答案】She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. / In a care centre.【考
39、查形式】由where引导的特殊疑问句【考查类型】细节题【思路解析】根据问题的题干when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross可以在第三节的第一、二句得出答案。分析：特殊疑问句+细节推断题. 103.【参考答案】Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes walk from where Helen lives./About 30 minutes walk.【考查形式】由how far引导的特殊疑问句【考查类型】细节题【思路解析】根据问题题干Sahra living an
40、d working from Helens home和疑问词可在第四节得出答案。分析：特殊疑问句+细节推断题； 特别说明：根据第四节第四行得出解题依据。但是用how much/ many/how far away提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词only/more than/ at least/about等。所以答案为：Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes walk from where Helen lives. /About 30 minutes walk.104.【参考答案】Yes, she did.【考查形式】一般疑问句
41、【考查类型】细节题+归纳总结【思路解析】根据倒数第二节后面几句可以总结得出答案。分析：一般疑问+归纳总结； 105.【参考答案】I learn that the most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is making friends. Besides they enrich each others life.(Any reasonable answer is OK.)【考查形式】特殊疑问方式【考查类型】归纳总结题【思路解析】本题在文章中没有明显的答案出处，但是需要经过文章的仔细推测得出答案。分析：归纳总结，信息的总结并且能够根据题目把信息总结出
42、来；例2. 限时6分钟It's March, 2050. Frank and Mary Smith wake up in their comfortable house in the morning and switch on the bedroom computer to get the latest news.（93题） They used to read the Times, but changed to electronic newspapers many years ago. There is the usual news about space: another space
43、 flight has returned from Mars and scientists have discovered a new planet. Then they turn to business news:（94题） the US dollar has risen greatly in Shanghai, one of the world's leading business centres. Mary tells the computer to buy 5,000 dollars, and there is a quick response that it has been
44、 done. As they watch the screen, Mary orders one of the household robots to make coffee for them.（95题） Frank disappears into the study to join a video conference with his partners around the world. He is a computer engineer, working for several companies.（96题） This is his third job: he used to be in
45、 marketing and then television. Mary has a quick look at the shopping channels - the usual selection of electric cars, household robots and cheap travel offers - before picking up the video phone to talk to her assistant. She also has a job and she is doing medical research. Both she and Frank used
46、to have an office desk in London, but in 2014 they decided to move to the seaside and work from home.Frank and Mary have one daughter, Louise, who also has her own workstation at home. She goes to school only one day a week, mainly to play with other students. Classrooms disappeared in 2030 because
47、there was no longer any need for them: communications systems have made it much easier to learn at home. Louise, now thirteen, is studying Chinese at present, which has become a world language as important as English.（97） Louise has many Chinese friends. They communicate by computer. According to the family do