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1、专题05 时态精讲时态一、一般现在时1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2. 用法（1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。e.g.I leave home for school at 7 every morning。每天早上我七点离开家。（2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。e.g.The earth moves around the sun。地球绕太阳转动。注意：一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。e.g.The teacher told us that the water boils at 100.老
2、师告诉我们水在摄氏100度沸腾。（3）表示格言或警句。e.g.Pride goes before a fall。骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。e.g.Columbus proved that the earth is round。哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。（4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。e.g.I dont want so much。我不要那么多。（5）一般现在时表示将来含义.下列动词come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安
3、排好的事情。e.g.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning。火车明天上午六点开。.在时间或条件句中。e.g.When Bill comes (不是will come)， ask him to wait for me。比尔来后，让他等我。（6）用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。（7）一般现在时可用在由if , unless引导的条件状语从句中，由when, before, until/till, as soon as, the moment
4、, once引导的时间状语从句中，由no matter what/who/which/when/ where/ how或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however及even if引导的让步状语从句中表将来，这时要求主句是一般将来时或暗指将来。e.g. I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.我一完成工作就跟你走。e.g.Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。二、一般过去时1.概念：过去
5、某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.用法（1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday， last week， an hour ago， the other day， in 1982等。e.g.Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?（2） 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g.When I was a child，I often played football in the street。（3）used to do“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。e.g.Moth
6、er used not to be so forgetful。老妈过去没那么健忘。（4）在虚拟条件句中，对现在或将来情况的假想陈述时，条件句一般用过去时。如: e.g.She would enter a good university if she didn't die.如果她还活着，她会上一所好大学。（5）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将来的动作。 e.g.He told me that he wouldn't go back until his mother promised.他对我说直到他妈妈答应他才会回家。(一般过去时代替过去将来时)
7、 三、现在进行时1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为，具有暂时性和未完性的特点2.时间状语：now， at this time， these days， etc。3.用法：（1） 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。e.g.We are waiting for you。我们正在等你。（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。e.g.Mr。Green is writing another novel。他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)（3）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get， grow， become， turn， run，
8、 go， begin等。e.g.The leaves are turning red。叶子在变红。（4）与always， constantly， forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。e.g.You are always changing your mind。你老是改变主意。（5）用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。e.g.Im leaving tomorrow。明天我要走了。四、过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正
9、在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday， at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.用法（1）过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。e.g.We were watching TV from seven to nine last night。昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。（2） 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。e.g.What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?(介词短语表示时间点)e.g.Sh
10、e was doing her homework then。那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)e.g.When I saw him he was decorating his room。当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)（3）在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。e.g.When he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper。他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)e.g.He was cleaning his car while I was coo
11、king。他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) (4)表示从过去某一时间将要发生的动作，仅限于come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等动词。e.g.He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他告诉我他明天将要去上海。e.g.They were arriving in a few days.他们将在几天后到达。（5）和现在进行时一样(只是时间不同)，过去进行时也可以和always, forever等词连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。如:e.g.He was alway
12、s trying out new ideas.他总是尝试一些新的设想。五、一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow， next day(week， month， year)，soon， in a few minutes， by the day after tomorrow， etc3.用法（1）will主要用于在以下三个方面：表示主观意愿的将来。eg:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow。明天他们将去厂参观工厂。eg:Ill come with Wang Bing， Liu Tao
13、 and Yang Ling。我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。eg:Today is Saturday。Tomorrow will be Sunday。今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。eg:-Mary has been ill for a week。玛丽病了一周了。Oh， I didnt know。I will go and see her。噢，我不知道。我去看看她。（2）be going to主要用于一下两个方面：1) 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。e.g.Dad and I are going to watc
14、h an opera this afternoon。今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。e.g.Look! There come the dark clouds。It is going to rain。瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。 （3）某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、上下课等。如:e.g.We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.我们必须快点，第一节课将在8点开始。 (4) be
15、 about to do表示马上就要发生的事。一般不再与具体的时间状语连用。如: e.g.Don't go out. We're about to have dinner.别出去了，我们很快就要吃饭。 e.g.I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。 (5)be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。如: e.g.The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访问中国。六、过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来
16、，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning， year)，the following month(week)，etc。4.用法（1） “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。 e.g.He said he would come to see me。他说他要来看我。 e.g.He told me he would go to Beijing。他告诉我他将去北京。（2）“was/ were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。e.g.She said she was going to start off at once。她说她将
17、立即出发。e.g.I was told that he was going to return home。有人告诉我他准备回家。注意：此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。 e.g.It seemed as if it was going to rain。看来好像要下雨。（3）come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 e.g.He said the train was leaving at six the next morning。他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。e.g.She told me she was
18、 coming to see me。她告诉我她要来看我。 七、现在完成时1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。2.时间状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等3、 用法（1）since的三种用法1 since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980， last month， half past six)。 e.g.I have be
19、en here since 1989。1989起，我一直在这儿。 since +一段时间+ ago。 e.g.I have been here since five months ago。我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 since +从句(一般过去时)。 e.g.Great changes have taken place since you left。你走后，变化可大了。注意：比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 e.g.I have lived here for more than twenty years。我住在这儿二十多年了。注意：并非有
20、for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。e.g.I worked here for more than twenty years。(我现在已不在这里工作。) (2)表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。 e.g.Mary has been ill since last Sunday.玛丽从上个星期天开始就生病
21、了。 e.g. I have lived in Korea for two years.我已经在韩国住7两年了。 (3)表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already, just(刚刚)，yet, never, before等。如: e.g. He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他关掉灯了。 e.g. The concert has started. ( =The concert is on now.)音乐会开始了。注意:现在完成时中要用延续性动词，
22、不可用短暂性动词，但要注意短暂性动词的否定式具有延续性。如:他买那辆自行车两年了。 (误)H e has bought the bike for two years. (buy为短暂性动词) (正)H e has had the bike for two years. (have为延续性动词)八、过去完成时1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2. 时间状语：before， by the end of last year(term， month)，etc。3.基本结构：had + done。否定形式：had + not +
23、done。一般疑问句：had放于句首。4.用法（1）在told， said， knew， heard， thought等动词后的宾语从句种。e.g.She said (that)she had never been to Paris。她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。（2）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。e.g.When the police arrived， the thieves had run away。警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。（3）表示意向的动词，如hope， wish， expect， think， intend， mean，suppose等，
24、用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。 e.g.We had hoped that you would come， but you didnt。那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。注意：had hardly when.刚.就.e.g.I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me。我刚打开门，他就打了我。had no soonerthan 刚 就。e.g.He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it。他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 (4)一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表“过去的过去”)，那么发
25、生在前的动词要用过去完成时。e.g.She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在来这个机构前已学过一些英语了。 (5)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有:by /until /before /by the end of+“表过去的某一时间”。 e.g.By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 e.g.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，
26、他对此仍一无所知。 (6)复合句中含有when, before, after, as soon as等引导的从句，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词表示的过去的动作是在不同的时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时。 e.g.The film had already begun when we got to the cinema.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开演了。 (7)用于宾语从句中，表示从句的动作或状态发生在主句的谓语动词的动作之前。 e.g.He told me that he had heard of the good news.他告诉我，他已经听说了那个好消息。精练时态( )1.
27、Hi, I didn't see you at John's birthday party last night.Oh, I _ the book report at that time.A. prepared for B. prepare forC. am preparing for D. was preparing for( )2. Rainy days make me relaxed. I love drinking tea while it _A. was raining B. is raining C. has rained D. rained( )3. Excuse
28、 me, when did you leave Jinzhou? In August, 2017. I _ for about two years.A. have left B. left C. have been away D. was away( )4. Lucy_ her friends the whole morning, but they didn't show up.A. expects B. will expect C. is expecting D. was expecting( )5. I saw your light still on at 11 o'clo
29、ck last night.Oh, I _ an interesting talk show at that time.A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching ( )6. What are you doing on Saturday morning?Well, it's going to be sunny, so I _ a picnic with my friend.A. have B. had C. have had D. am having( )7. I went to your office at 9：00 yest
30、erday morning, but you were not in.Sorry, I_ with the manager in the meeting room at that time.A. am talking B. was talking C. were talking D. have talked( )8. It's 9：00 in the morning now. The students from Grade Nine _ an important exam.A. have B. had C. are having( )9. I _ Game of Thrones(权力的
31、游戏) with my friends last month. It's amazing.A. watch B. watched C. watches D. have watched( )10.Melting ice(融冰)can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels_ at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.A. rose B. have risen C. rise( )11. Have you ever been to Shanghai?Of course. Actually, I _ th
32、ere for six years but now I live in Taizhou.A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked( )12. What is your mother doing, Linda?She _ dinner in the kitchen now.A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cook D. cooking( )13. Where are the teachers now?In the meeting room. They _ the meeting for 10 min
33、utes.A. have begun B. have been on C. have had D. have been held( )14.Mary, I remember you _ several years ago.Yes, I _ for 3 years.A. married; have married B. married; married C. married; have been married D. have married; have been married( )15. I _ to school on foot every day.A. go B. went C. has
34、 gone( )16.He hasn't communicated much with his parents since he _ a mobile phone last year.A. got B. get C. gets( )17. According to the timetable, the train _ at 827.Don't worry. We can make it.A. leaves B. is leaving C. is going to leave( )18.What great progress Huawei_ in recent years!No
35、wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made( )19. Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn't he?Yes. And he_ in two weeks.A. will return B. has returned C. returned D. returns( )20. You'd better take an umbrella. The weather report
36、says it_ in the afternoon.Thank you. I will put one in my bag.A. will rain B. rains C. is raining( )21. The drama series The Thunder(破冰行动) hits screens these days.Oh, what a pity! I _ any of them yet.A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched( )22. Oh! What
37、9;s wrong with your finger?I hurt it while I _ a model plane.A. made B. was making C. am making D. make( )23. How many letters _ you _ to your mother?109 in all, since 2016.A. has; written B. have; written C. did; write D. are; writing( )24What do you think of his speech？It's good The only pity
38、is that I_ the first few minutesAmissBwill missCwas missingDmissed( )25Have you ever visited Russia， Wilson？Yes， I have I_there last summer for two weeksAwentBwas goingChave goneDgoes( )26Is Miss Green in the office？NoShe _ to the library just nowAhas goneBgoesCwentDwould go( )27Haven't seen you
39、 for ages!Where have you been？I went to Ningxia and there for one year，teaching as a volunteerAstayedBstayChas stayedDam staying( )28It _ long _ we know the result of the experimentAwill not be，beforeBis，sinceCwill not be，untilDhas been，after( )29一You look tired What's the matter？一I on a sofa be
40、cause my grandparents have been here to spend the weekend I can't have a good sleepAsleptBam sleepingCwas sleepingDhave slept( )30Amy， can you answer the door？ I the roomI'm coming， MumAcleanBcleanedCam cleaningDhave cleaned( )31Since the shop_down， all the Tshirts are sold at half priceAhas
41、 closedBclosedCis closingDwill be closed( )32I_you here， but you didn't comeI'm terribly sorry I was so busy that I forgotAwould expectBwas expectingCam expectingDhave expected( )33Why are you so late today？Three buses went by without stopping while I at the bus stopAam waitingBwaitedChave w
42、aitedDwas waiting( )34Oh， dear! A power（电源） cut!Sorry， I didn't know you _the washing machineAusedBare usingCto useDwere using( )35一How can you start playing games so soon， Tom？一 I _ my homework， MomAfinishedBhave finishedCwill finishDfinish( )36Captain Marvel is such a wonderful film that I_it
43、twiceAwill seeBsawCseeDhave seen( )37The novel behind the popular television drama In the Name of People _ in bookstores， _ online _ hard copies， around the nationAhas sold out； both； and Bwere sold out； both； andChas been sold out； neither； nor Dwas sold out； either； or( )38Haven't I told you t
44、hat you should be home earlier？Yes，but I _ home earlier than I usually doAwas comingBwill comeCcameDhad come( )39.Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I a test and I'm waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take( )40.Stop smoking, Joe! You yourself if you keep on
45、doing it like that! A. will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed答案解析1. D 考查动词的时态。句意“嗨，我昨晚在约翰的生日聚会上没有看到你。”“哦，我当时 读书报告。”根据last night和at that time可知是说过去某一个时间点发生的事，应用过去进行时。故选D。2. B 考查现在进行时。句意为：下雨天让我很放松。我喜欢在下雨时喝茶。根据主句中的“love”可知从句也应用相应的表示现在的某种时态，while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态。故选B。3. C 考查动词的时态。句意“打扰一下，请问你什么时候离开锦州的？”“在2017年八月，我已经 大约两年了。”根据答语中时间状语for about two years可知，此处需用现在完成时，表示从过去离开，一直到现在；leave为非延续性动词，在完成时中用be away。故选C。4. D 考查动词的时态。句意：露西整个早晨都在 她的朋友们，但是他们没有出现。根据空格后的“didn't show up”可知用过去的时态；又根据“the whole morning”可知强调一个时间段一直在做的动作。所以用过去进行时。故选D。5. D