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1、-医学专业英语-第 11 页一般检查general examination一， 性别sex 男Male 女Female 二， 年龄 age三， 生命体征 ：vital age体温body temperature a,口测法oral measurementb,肛测法archos measurement c,腋测法axil measurement呼吸respirations脉搏pulse血压 blood pressure 四，发育development 体型（Habitus）：无力型（asthenic type）、超力型（sthenic type）、正力型（orthosthenic type）五，
2、营养state of nutrition: 良好well、中等moderatelty。肥胖（Obesity）、消瘦slake六，意识consciousness: 嗜睡drowsiness、意识模糊clouding of consciousness 昏睡hyponody、昏迷coma（浅，中，深度），谵妄acute confusional state七，语调tone 语态voice八，面容facial features 急性病容face of acute ill，慢性病容chronic disease face，贫血面容anemic face，甲亢面容hyperthyreosis feature
3、，粘液性水肿面容myxedema face, 二尖瓣面容mitral facies，满月脸面容moon face，肢端肥大症面容acromegaly facies，伤寒面容typhoid face，病危面容,Hippocrates face表情expression 正常normal，淡漠indifference烦躁不安dysphoria，痛苦suffering 忧郁gloom九，体位position a,自主体位active position b,被动体位passive position 极度意识衰竭和丧失culmination consciousness failure and loss c
4、,强迫体位compulsive position强迫坐位（端坐呼吸）compulsive sitting position (orthopnea)十，姿势posture十一，步态 gaita a,蹒跚步态 waddling gait b,醉酒步态drinken man gait c,共济失调步态 ataxic gait d,慌张步态 festinating gait e,跨閱步态 steppage gait f,剪刀步态 scissor gait g,间歇性跛行 intermittent gait十二，皮肤skin1， 颜色skin color a,苍白 pallor 贫血anaemia b,
5、发红 redness 发热fever c,发绀 cyanosis缺氧hypoxia d,黄染 stained yellow 肝病liver disease e,色素沉着 pigmentation肝病liver disease f,色素脱失 coloring material loss 白化症 albinismus2，湿度moisture 干燥dry 脱水dewat 湿润moist 休克shock 3，弹性elasticity4，皮疹skin eruption a 斑疹 maculate b 玫瑰疹roseola c 丘疹papules ; d 斑丘疹maculopapulate , e 荨麻疹
6、urticaria5，脱屑scales 6赘生物vegetation 7，皮下出血subcutaneous hemorrhage a 瘀点petechia b瘀斑ecchymosis c 紫癜purpura d血肿hematome8，蜘蛛痣 spider angioma 肝掌liver palms 9，水肿edema 10，皮下结节subcutaneous nodules 11，瘢痕scar 12，毛发hair 13，淋巴lymph 体检（胸腹部）Physical examination(chest and belly)1、肋骨和软组织ribs and soft tissure胸骨上切迹sup
7、rasternal notch浮肋free ribs胸壁chest wall扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest皮下气肿subcutaneous emphysema捻发音Crepitus软组织损伤soft tissue injury肋骨畸形abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)肋软骨畸形costochondral deformity肋软骨增生costal cartilage hyperplasia肋下切口subcostal incision肋间
8、隙宽（窄）wide (narrow) intercostal space乳房breast3、肺lung呼吸缓慢（急促）bradypnea (tachypnea)呼吸浅慢（深快）hypopnea (hyperpnea)呼吸不规则irregular respiration点头呼吸nodding breathing端坐呼吸orthopnea三凹征retraction sign of three fossae叹息样呼吸sighing respiration浅快shallow and rapid呼（吸）气性呼吸困难expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）burn
9、 (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)呼吸道阻塞respiratory tract obstruction呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)呼吸停止apnea呼吸费力respiration is labored语音（触觉）震颤vocal (tactile) fremitus语颤相等（减弱、增强）vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)间接（直接）叩诊mediate (immediate) percussion 浊（实
10、、鼓、清、过清、金属）音dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)移动范围range of movement 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound呼吸音粗（清）sound of breath(SOB) is rough (clear)支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)管状呼吸音tubular breath s
11、ound捻发音crepitant rales爆裂音crackles干（湿）罗音dry (moist) rales细（中等、粗）罗音fine (medium, coarse) rales呼（吸）气未罗音end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales胸膜摩擦音pleural friction rub呼（吸）气延长prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)高（低）调鼾音sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)哨笛音sibilant rales哮鸣音wheezing小（中、大）水泡音small(middle
12、, big) bubbles支气管语音bronchophony耳语音whispered羊鸣音egophony高（低）音调high (low)-pitched两肺部（右背部）over both lung fields (right back)两（左）肺底over the both (left) lower lung整个肺野the whole lung field左（右）上（下）肺the left (right) upper (lower) lung肺尖（底）apex (base) of lung4、心脏Heart心房 心室 室间隔 房间隔 主动脉瓣 肺动脉瓣 二尖瓣 三尖瓣 用手掌（指尖）触诊心
13、尖搏动palpate apical area with palm numbness (fingertips)心前区隆起（凹陷）precordial bulge (retraction)搏动弥漫（局限）diffuse (local) pulsation负性搏动inward inpulse心尖搏动apex beat (apical impulse)剑突下搏动xiphoideusal pulsaton抬举性心尖搏动heaving apex impulse心尖搏动最强点point of maximal impulse (PMI)锁骨中线mid-calvicular line (MCL)肋间interc
14、ostal space (ICS)收缩（舒张）期震颤systolic (diastolic) thrill心浊音界the border of cardiac dullnes心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness叩诊心脏大小正常heart size is normal on (to) percussion心脏向左（右）扩大cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)第1（2、3、4）心音S1(S2,S3,S4)第1心音增强（减弱，听
15、不清）first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)生（病）理性杂音（分裂）physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting肺动脉瓣第2心音(=，(=，)A2大炮音connon sound心音消失heart sound is absent (disapeared)心音增强（减弱）accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound心音响亮（遥
16、远）cardiac sound is loud (distant)收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur全收缩期的holosystolic(pansystolic)全舒张期的holodiastolic (pandiastolic)低（高）音调low (high) pitched递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur呈
17、喷射型be ejection in type级喷射型收缩期杂音grade (I-/6) systolic ejection murmur吹风样杂音murmur of puffing character低音调隆隆样low-pitched rumbling quality柔和（粗糙）的soft (harsh or rough)吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur功能性（器质性）杂音f
18、unctional (organic) murmur血管（静脉）杂音vascular (venous) murmur枪击音pistol shot sound静脉营营音venous hum奔马律gallop rhythm胎心律embryocardia心律齐（不齐）regular (irregular) rhythm心律不齐arrhythmia二（三）联律bigeminy (trigeminy)早搏premature (extrasystol)喀嗽音click钟摆律pendular rhythm二尖瓣开瓣音mitral opening snap心包摩擦音pericardial friction s
19、ound听诊on auscultation二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop5、腹部abdomen腹膨隆abdominal distention (prominence)腹平坦（凹陷）abdominal flatness (retraction)蛙状（球状、舟状）腹frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)腹围增大increased abdominal girth肠型intestinal p
20、attern胃（小肠）蠕动波gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave静脉曲张varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)疤痕scar腹壁紧张（松驰）guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)腹壁切口（创伤）incision (wound) of abdominal wall腹部分区abdominal region左（右）上（下）腹left (right) upper (lower) quadrant脐膨出projection of the umbilicus腹式呼吸abdominal (diaphr
21、agmatic) breathing腹壁松弛lax abdominal wall肝肿大hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)脾肿大splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)右肋下5厘米5 cm below the right costal margin肿块（肝）质硬firm mass (liver)莫菲氏征murphys sigh肌卫现象muscle guarding (tension)反跳痛rebound tenderness压痛点tenderness point剑突下压痛tenderness beneath th
22、e xiphoid process麦氏点压痛McBurneys point tenderness腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)柔韧感dough kneeding sensation波动感fluctuation腹股沟疝inguinal femoral hernia腹壁反射abdominal reflex腹水征sign of ascites膀胱肿大bladder expansion膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛tenderness of bladder region (costoverte
23、bral angle)肾（肝）区叩击病percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region移动性浊音shifting dullness鼓音tympany(tampanitic resonance)肝（脾）浊音区hepatic (splenic)dullness area肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound气过水声gurgling振水声succusion (splashing) sound2、常见症状 Fever 发热 Pain 疼痛 Edema 水肿 Muc
24、ocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding) 皮肤粘膜出血 Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath) 呼吸困难 Cough and expectoration (Sputum;Phlegm) 咳嗽和咯痰 Hemoptysis 咯血 Cyanosis 紫绀 Palpitation 心悸 Chest discomfort 胸闷 Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting 恶心和呕吐 Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood
25、) 呕血 Hematochezia (Hemafecia) 便血 Diarrhea 腹泻 Constipation (Obstipation) 便秘 Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness) 眩晕 Jaundice (Icterus) 黄疸 Convulsion 惊厥 Disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍 Hematuria 血尿 Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria 尿频，尿急和尿痛 Incontinence of urine 尿失禁 Retention of urine 尿潴
26、留（1）发热的表示方法 Infective (Septic)fever 感染性发热 Non-infective (Aseptic)fever 非感染性发热 Dehydration (Inanition)fever 脱水热 Drug fever 药物热 Functional hypothermia 功能性低热 Absorption fever 吸收热 Central fever 中枢性发热 Fever type 热型 Continuous fever 稽留热 Remittent fever 驰张热 Intermittent fever 间歇热 Undulant fever 波状热 Recurre
27、nt fever 回归热 Periodic fever 周期热 Irregular fever 不规则热 Ephemeral fever 短暂热 Double peaked fever 双峰热 Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO 不明原因发热 Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague) 寒战 Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness) 畏寒 Ultra-hyperpyrexia 超高热 Hyperthermia (A high fever;hype
28、rpyrexia;ardent fever) 高热 Moderate fever 中度发热 Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature) 低热 Become feverish (Have a temperature) 发热 Crisis 骤降 Lysis 渐降 Rheumatic fever 风湿热 Cancerous fever 癌性发热 Fervescence period 升热期 Defervescence period 退热期 Persistent febrile period 持续发热期（2）疼痛的
29、表示方法 Backache (Back pain) 背痛 Lumbago 腰痛 Headache 头痛 Vasomotor headache 血管舒缩性头痛Migraine headache 偏头痛 Chest pain 胸痛 Precardial pain 心前区痛 Retrosternal pain 胸骨后痛 Abdominal pain (Stomachache) 腹痛 Acrodynia (pain in limbs) 肢体痛 Arthrodynia (Arthralgia) 关节痛 Dull pain 钝痛 Sharp pain 锐痛 Twinge pain 刺痛 Knife-lik
30、e pain (Piercing pain) 刀割（刺）样痛 Aching pain 酸痛 Burning pain 烧灼痛 Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain 绞痛 Colic 绞痛 Bursting pain 胀痛（撕裂痛） Hunger pain 饥饿痛 Tic pain 抽搐痛 Bearing-down pain 坠痛 Shock-like pain 电击样痛 Jumping pain 反跳痛 Tenderness pain 触痛（压痛） Girdle-like pain 束带样痛 Wandering pain 游走性痛 Throbbing pain 搏动性痛 R
31、adiating pain 放射性痛 Cramping pain 痉挛性痛 Boring pain 钻痛 Intense pain 剧痛 Dragging pain 牵引痛 Labor pain 阵痛 Cancerous pain 癌性疼痛 Referred pain 牵涉痛 Persistent pain (Unremitting pain) 持续性痛 Constant pain 经常性痛 Intermittent pain 间歇性痛（3）水肿的表示方法 Mucous edema (Myxedema) 粘液性水肿 Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema 心源性水肿 Nephr
32、otic (renal) edema 肾源性水肿 Hepatic edema 肝源性水肿 Alimentary (Nutritional) edema 营养不良性水肿 Angioneurotic edema 血管神经性水肿 Pitting 凹陷性 Nonpitting 非凹陷性 Localized (Local) edema 局限性水肿 Generalized edema (Anasarca) 全身性水肿 Hydrops 积水 Cerebral(Brain) edema 脑水肿 Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0 肺水肿 Hydrocephalus 脑积水 Inv
33、isible (Recessive) edema 隐性水肿 Frank edema 显性水肿 Inflammatory edema 炎性水肿 Idiopathic edema 特发性水肿 Cyclical edema 周期性水肿 Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum) 腹水 Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax) 胸水 Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium) 心包积液 Bronchoedema 支气管水肿 Slight (Mild) 轻度 Moderate 中度 Serious 重
34、度 Transudate 漏出液 Exudate 渗出液（4）呼吸困难的表示方法 Cardiac dyspnea 心原性呼吸困难 Inspiratory 吸气性 Expiratory 呼气性 Mixed 混合性 Obstructive 梗阻性 Dyspnea at rest 静息时呼吸困难 Dyspnea on exertion 活动时呼吸困难 Dyspnea on lying down 躺下时呼吸困难 Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND 夜间阵发性呼吸困难 Orthopnea 端坐呼吸 Asthma 哮喘 Cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘 Bronchi
35、al asthma 支气管性哮喘 Hyperpnea 呼吸深快 Periodic breathing 周期性呼吸 Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)气促 Bradypnea (Slow breathing) 呼吸缓慢 Irregular breathing 不规则呼吸（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法 Bleeding spots in the skin 皮肤出血点 Petechia 瘀点 Eccymosis 瘀斑 Purpura 紫癜 Splinter hemorrhage 片状出血 O
36、ozing of the blood (Errhysis) 渗血 Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding) 鼻衄 Ecchymoma 皮下血肿（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法 Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough) 干咳 Sharp cough 剧咳 Wet cough (Moist cough) 湿咳 Productive cough (Loose cough) 排痰性咳 Chronic cough 慢性咳嗽 Irritable cough 刺激性咳嗽 Paroxysmal cough 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽 Cough conti
37、nually 持续性咳嗽 Spasmodic cough 痉挛性咳嗽 Whooping cough 百日咳 Wheezing cough 喘咳 Short cough 短咳 Distressed cough 难咳 Droplet 飞沫 Frothy sputum 泡沫样痰 Bloody sputum 血痰 Mucous (Mucoid) sputum 粘液样痰 Purulent sputum 脓痰 Mucopurulent sputum 粘液脓性痰 White (Yellow,green) sputum 白（黄,绿）痰 Fetid (Foul) sputum 恶臭痰 Iron-rust (Ru
38、sty) sputum 铁锈色痰 Chocolate coloured sputum 巧克力色痰 Thick sputum 浓痰 Thin sputum 淡痰 Viscous sputum 粘痰 Transparent sputum 透明痰 Much (Large amounts of) sputum 大量痰 Moderate amounts of sputum 中等量痰 Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum 少量痰（7）内脏出血的表示方法 Massive hematemesis大量呕血 Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding;
39、 Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)鼻衄 Hematuria 血尿 Initial hematuria 初血尿 Idiopathic hematuria 特发性血尿 Painless hematuria 无痛性血尿 Terminal hematuria 终末性血尿 Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria 肉眼血尿 Microscopic hematuria 镜下血尿 Hematuria in the whole process of urination 全程血尿 Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding) 牙
40、龈出血 Hematochezia 便血 Bloody stool 血便 Black stool (Melena) 黑便 Tarry stool 柏油样便 Occult blood,OB 隐血 Hemathorax 血胸 Hematocoelia 腹腔积血 Hematoma 血肿 Hemopericardium 心包积血 Cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血 Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) 蛛网膜下腔出血 Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots 月经量多伴血块 Mild (Moderate)
41、 menses 月经量少（中等）（8）紫绀的表示方法 Congenital cyanosis 先天性紫绀 Enterogenous 肠源性 Central 中枢性 Peripheral 周围性 Mixed 混合性 Acrocyanosis 指端紫绀（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法 Vomiturition (Retching) 干呕 Feel nauseated 恶心感 Postprandial nausea 饭后恶心 Hiccup 呃逆 Sour regurgitation 返酸 undigested food Vomiting 吐不消化食物 Bilious Vomiting 吐胆汁（10）腹泻与
42、便秘的表示方法 Moning diarrhea 晨泻 Watery (Liquid)diarrhea 水泻 Mucous diarrhea 粘液泻 Fatty diarrhea 脂肪泻 Chronic (Acute) 慢性（急性） Mild diarrhea 轻度腹泻 Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea 难治性腹泻 Protracted diarrhea 迁延性腹泻 Bloody stool 血梗 Frothy stool 泡沫样便 Formless (Formed)stool 不成形（成形）便 Loose (Hard) stool 稀（硬）便 Rice-water stool 米泔样便 Undigested stool 不消化便 Dysenteric diarrhea 痢疾样腹泻 Inflammatory diarrhea 炎症性腹泻 Osmotic 渗透性 Secretory 分泌性 Malabsorption 吸收不良性 Lienteric 消化不良性 Pancreatic diarrhea 胰性腹泻 Tenesm