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1、U9讲义 人教版八年级英语上册1、掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。2、学会运用情态动词have to, must, might等有礼貌地说明拒绝他人邀请的理由。3、reply v. 回答（1）“（不及物）回答；答复”，常用reply to(sb./sth.)表示“对.作出回答或答复”。I dont want to reply to his invitation.我不想答复他的邀请。The teacher replied to our questions.老师回答了我们的问题。（2）“（及物）回答，回答说”，后接that引导的宾语从句，也可直接引出宾语。She replie
2、d, “I have changed my mind.”她回答说：“我已经改变注意了。”He replied that he would come soon.他回答说很快就来。（3）致答辞；谢辞 reply forI have the honor to reply for the guests at this dinner.我很荣幸在今天的晚餐上致辞。【拓展】reply 也可作名词，意为“回答,覆函”。a reply to.表示“对.的答复”。I haven't heard your reply yet.我还没有听到你的回复。in reply (to) 作为 (对的) 答覆,为答覆He
3、 made/had no reply to my request. 他没有答复我的请求。What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量，他作何反应？4、prepare v. 预备；准备（1）prepare用作及物动词时prepare sth.表示“准备.”，后接名词或代词作宾语Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the&#
4、160;office.我进办公室时，我们的英语老师在备课。当宾语是食物之类的东西时，可译为 “制；做”Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen while Father was watching TV.妈妈在做饭，而爸爸在看电视。prepare sb. sth.表示"给.准备."，也可转换为prepare sth. for sb.She prepared
5、;us a nice breakfast.= She prepared a nice breakfast for us. 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。prepare sb. for sth.表示“使某人对某事有所准备” 例如：She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the ba
6、d news.她这样说因为她想使爸爸对那个坏消息有准备。 prepare to do sth.表示“准备做.”。They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。 （2）prepare用作不及物动词时：prepare for sth.表示"为.做准备“The students
7、are busy preparing for the final exam. 学生们正在准备期末考试。【拓展】preparation为名词，意为“准备”。 make preparation for.“为.做准备”She is making preparation for her marriage.她正在为自己的婚事做准备。5、invite v. 邀请invite sb to do,表示“邀请某人做某事”Mary invited me to go to the cinem
8、a.玛丽邀请我看电影。invite sb to someplace表示“邀某人去某地”Well invite some people to a party.我们将邀请一些人来参加聚会。invite +名词或代词They invite me for a drink.他们邀请我喝酒。invite还表示“请求，要求”Questions were invited after the meeting.会后有很多问题被提出。【拓展】invitation n.“邀请；邀请书”，是invite的名词形式。其后常接介词to，表示“对.的邀请”。She received a
9、n invitation to the party. 她接到了参加这个聚会的邀请。6、accept v. 接受，承认accept“接受，领受，承认，接纳”，指经过考虑，同意或愿意接受，强调“收到”的结果是“接受”。The teachers accept the invitation with pleasure. 老师们愉快的接受了邀请。【拓展】acceptance n. 接受 acceptable adj. 可接受的；认同的acceptably adv. 可欣然接受地；合意地【辨析】receive的用法receive的意思是“接到，收到，受到（某
10、种待遇或伤害）”。指“接收”的动作或事实，并不包含接收者本人是否“接受”的意思。I received a letter from my mother. 我收到了母亲的一封信。She received the present, but she did not accept it. 她收到了那份礼物，但没有接受。7、forward v. 转发；发送 adv. 向前；前进（1）v. 转发；发送The goods will be forwarded to your house.货物将被发送到你家。Would
11、you be so kind as to forward my letter? 请代我转递我的信好吗？（2）adv. 向前；前进The tall man went forward. 那个高个子男人向前走。Rush forward. 向前冲。8、catch v. 赶上；抓住；捕捉v.抓住 The cat catches mice.猫抓老鼠。v.及时赶上 The police had to drive very quickly in order to catch the train.警察为了及时赶上火车，必须开的很快。【拓展】
12、（1）n.稳稳地接住；好的结婚对象；捕获物（量）Her husband was a good catch. They say he's very rich.她的丈夫是个很好地结婚对象，他们说他很有钱。（2）v. catch one's breath 喘气;吓一跳;(由惊吓)暂时停止呼吸With barely any time to catch their breath, the Rockets are now taking on one of the NBA's most experienced teams. 几乎没有喘息的机会，火箭队现在是NBA中最有经验的一只球队之
13、一。（3）catch out 发觉某人的过失;发觉某人的错误;找破绽He was caught out.他被找出破绽。（4）catch up with赶上You'll have to work harder to catch up with the top students in your class.你必须的努力学习以赶上你们班（成绩）最好的学生。9、refuse v. 拒绝refuse意为“拒绝，回绝”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式。（1）refuse sb. 拒绝某人We asked him to come, but he refused.我们叫他来，可是他拒绝了。（2
14、）refuse sb. to do 拒绝某人去做某事Tom refused his mother to clean the room. Tom拒绝他的妈妈去打扫房间。She refused to go there with us.她拒绝和我们一起去那里。【拓展】 refuse n. 废物; 垃圾Refuse is collected twice a week.垃圾两周收集一次。10、Jenny, can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?詹妮，周六下午你能来参加我的晚会吗？Can you?意为“你能吗？”是客气地请求某人
15、做某事的句子。接受邀请常用I would (Id) love / like to或Thanks a lot for或Certainly.来应答。如果有事不能接受邀请，则说：Im sorry, I cant。这种句式中，用could比can语气委婉，显得有礼貌，而用can则较随便。如：Can you come to my home for dinner?你能来我家吃晚餐吗？Im sorry, I cant. 很抱歉，我不能来。Can you go fishing with me this Sunday? 本周日你能和我一起去钓鱼吗？Sure, Id love to. 当然可以，我很乐意。【拓展】
16、 表示邀请有句型Will you please + 动词原形?如：Will you please come to have dinner with me? 请你和我一起吃饭好吗？Would you like to? 如：Would you like to join us? 你愿意加入我们吗？How / What about? 如：How about going to the park with me? 和我一起去公园怎么样？ 接受和拒绝邀请Sure / Yes, Id love to. 当然/是的，我很乐意。Yes, its very kind / nice of you. 是的，太谢谢你了/
17、你真客气。Yes, Id love to, but我愿意，但是Im sorry. I have to很抱歉，我得Im afraid / sorry I cant. 恐怕/抱歉我不能。Thank you very much, but非常感谢，可是Thats very kind of you, but Im afraid太谢谢你了/ 你真客气，不过我恐怕11、Im really busy. 我确实很忙。(1) really是副词，一般修饰动词或形容词，意为“真正地，确实”。如：Mary is really excited at the news. 听了这个消息，玛丽确实很激动。really用来表示
18、惊讶、感兴趣等。如：We are going to see a film this evening. 今晚我们要去看电影。Really? 真的？(2) busy作形容词，意为“忙的，繁忙的”，相当于no time，反义词是free。如：Im very busy so I have no time to see you. 我很忙没时间去看你。【拓展】 be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。如：The students are busy preparing for the exam. 学生们正忙于准备考试。He is busy playing computer games. 他正
19、忙于玩电脑游戏。 be busy with sth. 意为“忙于”。如：She is busy with her homework. 她正忙于做作业。【归纳】be busy doing sth.与be busy with sth.可以进行同义转换。如：They are busy working. = They are busy with the work. 他们正忙着工作。12、Thanks for asking. 谢谢你的邀请。(1) Thanks for意为“为而感谢”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：Thanks for your advice. 谢谢你的劝告。Thanks for givi
20、ng me the present. 谢谢你送给我这件礼物。(2) asking相当于inviting，意为“邀请”。13、Im sorry, I cant. I have too much homework this weekend.对不起，我不能来。本周末我有太多的作业。too much意为“太多 ”，too作副词，在此修饰形容词much，too much用于修饰不可数名词。如：There is too much noise in the room. 房间里有太多的杂音。【拓展】too many修饰可数名词的复数。如：If you miss too many lessons, you ma
21、y fail the exam. 如果你错过太多的功课，你可考试不及格。【辨析】too much, much tootoo much强调much，修饰不可数名词；much too强调too，修饰形容词或副词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。The clothes are much too expensive. 这衣服太贵了。14、Whats today? 今天是几月几号？星期几？Its Monday the 14th.今天是星期一，14号。Whats today?是询问“今天是几月几号？星期几？”，回答的时候先要答星期，然后月份，最后是年份。
22、Whats today?今天是几月几号？星期几？Its Monday November 11th, 2013. 2013年11月11号，星期一。【拓展】What day is it today? 意思是“今天星期几？”用于对一周中的某一天进行提问。What day is it tomorrow? 明天星期几？Its Monday. 是星期一。如果对日期进行提问，就用Whats the date?如：Whats the date today? 今天几号？Its September 10th. 今天九月十号。15、I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期
23、望收到你们所有人的来信。look forward to为固定短语，意为“期待；盼望”，其中to是介词，后面接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。Im looking forward to our holiday next week. 我正盼望着我们下周的假日。He is looking forward to it.他正盼望着它（这件事）。Im looking forward to seeing you soon. 我期望尽快见到你。16、Please call me after the vacation. 假期完了后请给我打电话。call sb. 意为“给某人打电话”。call意为“叫喊，打电话给”。如
24、：Who is calling in the room? 谁在房间里叫喊？Please call me again in ten minutes. 十分钟后请给我再打电话。【拓展】表示“给某人打电话”有下列表达：call sb. , ring sb. ring sb. up, give sb. a call, give sb. a ring, make a phone cal l to sb., phone sb.等。17、情态动词情态动词主要有：may/might, can/could, must, have to, shall/should, will/would,ought to, ne
25、ed, dare, used to。现在我们来着重学习情态动词can 以及have to 的用法。其特征主要有：不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。没有人称和数的变化。 (have to除外)否定形式：在其之后加not (have to除外)。疑问形式：情态动词提到主语之前(have to 除外)。can为情态动词, 在本单元中表示请求, 用于发出邀请，后跟动词原形。当同意接受对方的邀请时, 常用Sure, Id love to. / Certainly. /Of course.等来回答；若不接受, 常用Sorry等来有礼貌地拒绝, 一般情况下需要说明不能接受邀
26、请的原因以表示歉意。Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow？明天你来参加我的生日聚会，好吗？Sorry, I cant. I am going to visit my grandpa. 很抱歉，我来不了，我要去看我爷爷。 can/may(1)都可表示“许可” 。may用于较正式、客气的场合，而can比较随便（口语）。You may/can smoke here.Borrowers may not take out of the library more than two books at a time.The policeman says
27、 you cant park here.(2) May/Can I/we? 表示征询对方许可。 Can you? 表示请求。 May I use your phone? Yes, you may./Yes, please./No, you may not /No, you mustnt./No, youd better not./Im afraid not./Im sorry. Id rather you didnt.Can I go out and play, Mum? Yes/Certainly,
28、; you can. /No, you cant.Can you help me with this bag? With pleasure./Sorry, I cant.(3) 都可表示“可能性”肯定句Mr. Reed looks pale. He may be ill.(事实上的可能).Mr. Read is in poor health. He can be ill at any time. (逻辑、理论上的可能)This news may be true. (=might/could)(事实上的可能)Wang Wei can be really stubborn.
29、 (有时或偶然可能会)(=could)否定句This news may not be true. (也许不, =might not )This news cant be true. (不可能, =couldnt)疑问句Can this news be true?(=Could)May this news be true?(4) can 还可表示“能力”、“能够”You can swim, cant you?No, I cant.I cant promise anything, but Ill do what I can.Tickets can be bought from the
30、Tourist Information Center. might/could(1) 分别为may和can的一般过去时，分别表示过去的“许可”、“可能”和“能力” 、“能够”等。The children asked whether they could/might go for a swim.(过去许可)I was afraid it might rain that afternoon.(过去可能)He asked if the news could be true. (过去可能)(Can the news be true?)She said he could speak sever
31、al languages. (过去能力)I couldnt find her telephone number.(过去能够)(2) 都可表示现在或将来的“可能性”。语气没有may肯定。Theres someone at the door. It could/might(=may) be George. (肯定句) /It couldnt (=cant) be George.(否定句) /Could(=Can) it be George?(疑问句) According to the radio it could/
32、might/ may rain tomorrow. Lightning could (=can) be dangerous.(3) Might/Could I/we ? Could you ?表示更委婉、更客气的请求。 Might/Could I ask you one more question? Yes, of course you may/might/can/ could. Could you help me with these boxes? Of course I can./W
33、ith pleasure.有时在陈述句中也表示更委婉、更客气的请求或邀请：I wonder if I could/might leave now.I dont suppose you could/might. can/be able to(1) can= am/is/are able to = shall/will be able to No one can do it.=No one is able to do it. Can you come tonight? =Will you be able to come tonight?(2) could 表示过去的技能、本能; was/
34、 were able to 表示过去某一具体场合经过努力而做成某事。 I could swim when I was six. He started late, but he was able to catch the eight oclock train. =but he managed to catch =but he succeeded in catching Mr. Smith couldnt/wasnt able to see you because hes got a bad cold.(3) be able to还有完成式和非谓语形式。 Im sorry I havent bee
35、n able to answer your letter.=Im sorry for not being able to answer your letter. To be able to run is very important for a footballer. have to的意思是“必须、不得不”, 往往强调由于客观原因而必须做某事。have to 后接动词原形；have to有人称、数和时态的变化, 其第三人称单数形式为has to, 其疑问形式和否定形式要借助于助动词do或does来完成。例如：We have to look after our sister at ho
36、me.我们不得不在家照顾我们的妹妹。Does he have to get up early tomorrow morning? 明天早上他必须早起吗？I dont have to stay at home today.今天我不必呆在家里。 情态动词“have to”与其他的情态动词如“can”, “may” “must”和 “should”不同。(1)这4个情态动词没有人称的变化,而have to有, 它的第三人称单数为“has to” 如：He should study hard.He has to study hard.(2)这4个情态动词在一般疑问句中
37、将它们放在句首, 在否定句中直接在他们后边加not即可。我们以can为例:-Can he go with us? 他能和我们一起去吗？-He cant go with us. 他不能和我们一起去。而“have to”要加助动词do , does或did才可能完成其疑问句、否定句。 must/have tomust 表示主观“必须”；have to表示客观客观需要，即“不得不” 。I dont like this TV set. I must buy a new one.This TV set doesnt work. We have to buy a new one.(now)You
38、 must get up at five tomorrow.We (will) have to get up early tomorrow were going to Devon. (future)I had to leave early because I wasnt feeling well.She said she must/had to see the manager. (past)【总结】表示邀请的句型: (你能来参加我的聚会吗?)Can you come to my party?Could you come to my party?Would you like to come to my party?接受邀请:Sure, Id love/like to.拒绝邀请:Im sorry, I cant. I have to/Im V-ing