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1、Unit 4Making the news.阅读理解APersuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos,and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common way a spe
2、aker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.After all,youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that he is a good person.If the a
3、udience cannot trust you,you will not be able to persuade them.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with the audiences emotions.For example,a politician who is trying to convince the audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended
4、to fill the audience with fear,thus making them support him.Similarly,an animal charity might show the audience pictures of injured dogs and cats,to make the viewers feel pity.If the audience feel bad for the animals,they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts,statistics,or ot
5、her evidence to support your argument.The audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos,pathos,and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effec
6、tive when used together.Indeed,most speakers use a combination of ethos,pathos,and logos to persuade their audience.So,the next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial,or listen to a friend who try to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persu
7、asion.1.How is a speaker able to show his ethos to the audience?A.By expressing his sympathy with the audience.B.By telling the audience about his personal preference.C.By using beautiful language to make his statements attractive.D.By showing his knowledge and experience relating to the topic.2.Wha
8、t can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?A.Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.B.Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.C.Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.D.Political leaders never use pathos to persuade their audience.3.An advertisement for
9、 washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using . A.ethosB.pathosC.logosD.a combination of all three语篇解读:文章介绍了三种说服他人的技巧。答案及剖析:1.D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,演讲者可以通过解释他在该领域的经验或者教育程度来展现他的道德思想。2.B推理判断题。文章介绍了persuasion的三种基本技巧:ethos,pathos和log
10、os,并分别说明了每种技巧的作用以及具体的操作方法。B项意为“每个方面都能对观众产生不同的影响”,符合题意。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知,logos通过使用事实、数据以及其他证据来支持你的观点,题目中提到“科学实验表明我们的洗衣粉能杀死95%的细菌”,由此可知答案。BSometimes life trips you up,but knowing how to approach failure can be the first step to success.When author J.K.Rowling addressed the graduating class at Harvar
11、d last June,she didnt focus on success.Instead,she spoke about failure.She related a story about a young woman who gave up her dream of writing novels to study something more practical.However,she ended up as an unemployed single mom.But during this hard time,she realized she still had a wonderful d
12、aughter,an old typewriter,and an idea became the foundation for rebuilding her life.“Perhaps youve heard of Harry Potter?You might never fail on the scale I did,”Rowling told the audience.“But it is impossible to live without failing in something,unless you live so cautiously that you might as well
13、not have lived at all.You will never truly know yourself,or the strength of your relationships,until both have been tested by hardships.Such knowledge is a true gift,for it is painfully won,and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I have ever earned.”Lots of Americans are tasting fail
14、ure for the first time now and immediately trying to spit it out.Whether its unemployment,or the evaporation(消失) of hard-earned savings,the have-it-all generation suddenly lose everything they own.Next,youll learn how the brain responds to failure and how it can be reprogrammed for success using som
15、e simple tricks.Youll also find advice from a successful entrepreneur(企业家) who claims that times like these are actually among the best for launching dreams.But most valuable,youll meet some ordinary people who were in some tough situations.A few cheered up;others got depressed.But even though their
16、 stories are quite different,the outcomes are the same.They all bounced back.And you can,too.As Rowling herself would admit,it doesnt take a wizard(奇才) to do it.4.We learn from Paragraph 2 that . A.college students have never suffered a defeatB.it is normal for you to fail at something in lifeC
17、.if you are very cautious,you can enjoy your lifeD.you need a daughter and a typewriter to succeed5.Which of the following statements would J.K.Rowling agree to?A.The knowledge we accumulate is a true gift for us.B.Our experience is more valuable than qualifications.C.We can understand ourselves bet
18、ter in time of danger.D.Our bitter experience helps us to realize our strength.6.What did some ordinary people do in some tough situations according to the passage?A.They remained in high spirits.B.They took their fate lying down.C.They decided to quit. D.They insisted until succeeded.语篇解读:人人都渴望成功。著
19、名小说家J.K.Rowling向我们讲述了如何从失败走向成功。答案及剖析:4.B推理判断题。根据第二段J.K.Rowling所说的“人生是不可能不经历失败的,除非你活得非常谨慎,谨慎到根本就不能算是在生活”可知,人生中遭遇失败是正常的。5.D推理判断题。根据第二段可知,J.K.Rowling认为,当你没有遭遇逆境的时候,你永远不会真正地了解自己,不知道你在处理人际关系方面的优势。可见她认为逆境可以帮助人们了解自己的优势。6.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第二、三句可知,尽管那些遭遇困境的普通人的经历各不相同,但是最后的结果都一样,他们都重新站起来了。也就是说,他们坚持到底,最终都取得了成功
20、。.语法填空“Guys,it is Reading Workshop time now.When calling your table number,1. (get) your things,please!”said Mrs.Toalson.She 2. (hold) a cup that had many sticks in it;on every stick was written each students name and table number. What did she mean?Probably books,I thought.Mrs. Toalson picked
21、a stick 3. of the cup and said,“Okay,Aniqas table.Table two,you may get your 4. (thing).”Then my four classmates ran for the cushions in the bathtub(浴缸).Mrs. Toalson kept 5. (pick) sticks and calling out different table numbers. “Kate,you may use the bathtub,”Mrs.Toalson said.“Gosh!Use the bath
22、tub?Is Kate going 6. (take) a bath?”I wondered.Kate was the girl who had pretty brown hair.She ran 7. (happy) with her book to the bathtub and 8. (lie) down in it.As she read,she cuddled(拥抱)a teddy bear.I bet it must be comfortable reading in a bathtub. Except for lucky Kate,everybody had to re
23、ad elsewhere.Some were sitting on the seats,some were lying down under the table,9. everybodys reading pose was different.Regina thought that it would be more fun to read outside on the grass.10. a great idea!The next day our whole class went to the park across the street from our school.It was amaz
24、ing! 语篇解读:文章主要讲述了在阅读课上,学生不用端端正正地坐在椅子上,可以靠在垫子上,卧在浴缸里甚至是在公园里享受阅读的趣味。答案及剖析:1.get分析句子结构可知,此处是祈使句,故用动词原形。2.was holding此处指过去正在发生的事情,用过去进行时。3.out此处指“从杯子里面拿出来”,故用out。4.things此处是复数概念,故用things。5.picking此处是固定结构keep doing sth.,意思是“一直做某事”。6.to take此处是固定句型be going to do sth.,意思是“打算做某事”。7.happily此处需用副词修饰谓语动词。
25、8.lay此处与ran并列,应用一般过去时。9.and此处表示并列关系,故用and。10.What此处为感叹句,中心词为名词,故用what引导。.书面表达假定你是武汉晨光中学的李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Mark最近给你发来邮件,说他准备参加武汉12月31日举办的冬季马拉松比赛(marathon race),希望你帮助他预定好旅馆,并带他游览市内著名景点(如黄鹤楼 the Yellow Crane Tower,东湖 East Lake)。请你给他写封回信,内容包括:1.回复他的要求;2.询问他到达的具体时间,待多久,以便你作具体安排。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可适当添加细节,使行文连贯;3.开头
26、和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。Dear Mark, Yours,Li HuaOne possible version:Dear Mark,Im very glad to have received your letter,saying that you would take part in the Winter marathon race to be held in Wuhan on December 31.It is my pleasure to arrange for your accommodation and show you around some
27、of the famous scenic spots here after the race,such as the Yellow Crane Tower and East Lake.Ill do my best to satisfy your need and guarantee you a pleasant journey.Just tell me the exact time of your arrival and how long you will stay in your next letter,so that I can pick you up at the airport and make a proper arrangement.By the way,wish you good luck in the marathon race!Looking forward to your early reply and expecting your arrival.Yours,Li Hua