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1、Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the stars.阅读理解 A(2018山西重点中学协作体)One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and d
2、arkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.Pluto,whic
3、h famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a“dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.Plutos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.C
4、lyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaughs task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatorys founder thou
5、ght existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depressions dark encroachment (入侵).Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.Its a reminder that
6、 there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?A.Because it lost its major planet s
7、tatus.B.Because it disappeared in the sky.C.Because it was discovered by an American.D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.2.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.An American Scientist:Clyde TombaughB.Pluto was First Discovered by a BoyC.Plutos Strange RomanceD.The D
8、ays I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.C.Clyde Tombaughs job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.D.Clyde Tom
9、baughs telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the
10、sky.D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet.语篇解读:文章介绍了冥王星的传奇故事,介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据第三段的Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星) in 2006可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个大行星变成了一颗矮行星。故选A。2.C文章标题题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介
11、绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合作文章的标题。故选C。3.D推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses可推知,Clyde Tombaugh所使用的望远镜比较简单。故选D。4.D语义理解题。根据最后一段的第二句Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our
12、 own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.和第三段中because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。故选D。B(21世纪报第28期)When I was 14,life felt dull and boring.However,I didnt mind looking at th
13、e same views every day.And even though the high school I go to has over a thousand students,I didnt really care to notice the differences between us all.But this dull view of mine shifted when my parents bought me a camera for Christmas.Even though I didnt know the first thing about photography,I di
14、ved headfirst into the medium.It was after a month of playing with my new camera when I realized I had no talent for taking pictures.Even though I got friends to pose in front of abandoned buildings and in flowery fields,nothing seemed to work.My photos were clearly missing something of importance a
15、nd lacked originality (创意).After a while,I became so enraged(暴怒的) with my lack of artistic talent that I quit my new hobby.Then,a month or two later,I suddenly decided to pick it up again.During the summer break,I went for a walk on the railroad track behind my house.The area is abandoned and the tr
16、acks are a warm red color;its a gorgeous(灿烂的) sight to see.Before the walk,I thought,“Maybe I should bring my camera”,which at the time,hadnt been touched for weeks.Surprisingly,this walk on the tracks was what began my love for photography.When I was walking on the train tracks without a model to p
17、hotograph and only nature around me,I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.I didnt worry about trying to create something beautiful.Instead,I just captured photos of the beauty already around me.I quickly became obsessed with texture,color,lighting,shape,shading and everyth
18、ing in between.Laterafter months of studying outdoor scenes,watching shadows and staring at peoples eyesI was finally able to create beauty of my own.Slowly,my photos became something I was proud of.So far,my work has been published in two small magazines and featured in two different art galleries.
19、Theyre not huge achievements,but theyre important to me.And theyre signs of how much my artistic abilities have grown:I went from zero artistic talent to being published.Thanks to this Christmas gift from my parents,I now have a new way of looking at the world.5.It can be inferred from the first fou
20、r paragraphs that the author . A.was unsatisfied with his life in high schoolB.didnt get on well with his classmates at schoolC.had been expecting a camera for a long timeD.found his life more fun with his new camera6.The author gave up photography not long after he started it because he .
21、;A.realized that he had no interest in itB.couldnt get his friends to pose for himC.was frustrated with his photographsD.was too busy to continue his new hobby7.What did the author recognize during his walk on the railroad tracks?A.Beauty lies in the details of things all around us.B.He liked taking
22、 photos of nature more than people.C.He should be more confident in his photography.D.He should never ignore the beautiful things around him.8.What does photography mean to the author,according to the article?A.It has made him more patient with himself.B.It will allow him to become famous and wealth
23、y.C.It always reminds him to be grateful for his parents.D.It has reshaped his way of viewing the world.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,记叙了作者用相机发现生活中的美。答案及剖析:5.D推理判断题。根据文章第一句“When I was 14,life felt dull.”可知,作者在学校的生活很无聊。根据第三段第一句可知,父母送给作者的相机改变了这种生活。故选D。6.C细节理解题。根据第七段中的“My photos were clearly missing something of impor
24、tance.”可知,作者对自己的相片不满意。7.A细节理解题。根据倒数第八段中的“I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.”可知,美就在我们的身边,故选A。8.D主旨大意题。总结全文可知,相机使作者用一种新的方式去看待这个世界。.语法填空(2018贵州遵义第四中学月考)Leonardo da Vinci was an artist,scientist,and 1.(invent) during the Renaissance in Italy.The word “renaissance” 2.(come)
25、 from Latin and means “to be born again”.The renaissance was a time 3. Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.It 4. (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s.5. (bear) in 1452,da Vinci was one of the most famous men of this time.He is considered by many to be one of the 6. (talent) and
26、 intelligent people of all time.Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone 7. does many things very well.Originally,it 8. (use) to describe Leonardo da Vincis many talents.Da Vinci is 9. (probable) most well known as a painter.Two of his paintings,and perhaps two of the most famo
27、us in the world,are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman 10. a meaningful smile.The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story. 答案及剖析:1.inventor考查名词。达·芬奇是文艺复兴时期意大利的一位艺术家、科学家和发明家。这里应该使用名词,所以填inventor。es考查时态。由and means可判断出这里应该使用一般现在时,且The word “renaiss
28、ance”是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数,填comes。3.when Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.作定语,修饰a time,所以 Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.是一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,所以填关系副词when。 4.lasted考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以填lasted。5.Born考查非谓语动词。be born in出生于,是固定用法,所以填Born。6.most talented考查
29、最高级。他被许多人认为是最有天赋和聪明的人之一。表示“最”,用最高级,所以填most talented。7.who考查定语从句。 does many things very well.作定语,修饰someone,所以 does many things very well.是一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who。 8.was used考查时态和语态。it和use之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,且表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,综上所述,用一般过去时的被动语态,填was used。9.probably考查副词。修饰整个句子,用副词,所以填probably。10.wi
30、th考查介词。蒙娜丽莎这幅画中,一位女士带着神秘的微笑。表示“带着”,用with。.书面表达(2018山东桓台第二中学月考)假定你是李华,端午节期间你的一个朋友Smith准备到你所在的城市来旅游,但你有事不能接机,写封信给他。内容包括以下要点:1.解释你不能接机的原因;2.说明端午节期间的安排。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节,使行文连贯。One possible version:Dear Smith,I am more than delighted to hear that you are to pay a visit to my city during the Dr
31、agon Boat Festival.However,its a pity that I wont make it to pick you up at the airport,owing to the fact that I have to take an important exam then.However,there is no need to worry about that.I have arranged for my sister to meet you and keep you company.You are sure to enjoy yourself during your stay here since colorful activities are to be held everywhere.Along with tasty Zongzi,the Dragon Boat Races are a must in the celebration.It can be breathtaking to watch the traditional race.Looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Li Hua