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1、考向31 完形填空之记叙文类文体分析 记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。 1. 叙述的人称 英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后
2、感到真实可信，如身临其境。如： The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. 用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作
3、者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如： Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do?
4、 Then he had a good idea.2. 动词的时态 在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。3. 叙述的顺序 记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌
5、宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。4. 叙述的过渡 过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如： In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip t
6、o Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise. The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while,
7、a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright. What a moving and unforgettable scene!
8、 5. 叙述与对话 引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果： I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply
9、. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released. 这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整： I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was kno
10、cking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.题型分析一、题型解读记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在300词左右。文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词
11、与冠词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生词量的增大，及复合句的增多，考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此，如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。二、解答技巧1.细读文章首句，推测全文内容完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。【典例示例】My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many an
12、imals in the backyard.That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn't escape.【解析】根据首句，确定出本文讲述的主题：“我”以前家的后面有一片树林，在后院有很多动物；国绕这一主题展开故事。11.A.avoide
13、d B. started C. canceled D. suggested【解析】：第一年，“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃，然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege【解析】：松鼠毫无困难（problem),直接上来享用花生。13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exception【解析】：几个月过去了，兔子见“我”没有威胁，不逃走了。threat"威胁”，符合语境。【答案】：11.B12.C13.C2.通读全文，理清各个角色一般来说，记叙文有两个或两个以上
14、的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对做同样一件事的人，作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大，及复：的特点和内心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更准然很严重。因此，如何确地选出答案。【典例示例】I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 41 placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 42 .Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his e
15、yes when he smiled, 43 his smile was still as 44 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 45 for his family.41.A.firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully【解析】：父亲对“我”笑了笑，小心地（carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“随便地”，均不符合文意。42.A.different B. exciting C. interestin
16、g D. urgent【解析】：但是，这一次，“我”注意到一些不同的（different)事情后文中的“Dad had aged. He had wrinkles.”也是暗示。43 . A . for B. or C. so D. yet【解析】：根据空处上下文的语境可知，此处表示意思上的转折，故要用yet“然而，但是”。44.A.convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent【解析】：父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的，有说服力的”；cautious"
17、谨慎的，十分小心的”；innocent"无辜的，无罪的”，均不符合文意。45.A.origin B. life C. reputation D. education【解析】：从父亲的笑中，作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活（life)。【答案】：41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B3.理顺事件线索，找准发展方向记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述（有时用倒叙）,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此，在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。【典例示例】Obediently(顺从地）,my class lay their heads on
18、their desks, closed their eyes and 42 . When the music started , the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.4
19、2.A.slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued【解析】：学生们趴在课桌上，闭着眼睛，等待（waited)着播放音乐。43.A.talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening【解析】：根据前一句的“When the music started”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。44.A.legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders【解析】：根据前一句的“When the music started”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。【答案】：42.C 43.D 44.B4.描摩作者
20、意图，弄清蕴含哲理记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，对理解细节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。【典例示例】It 37 me that playing against the other team was a great 38 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 39 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be
21、 40 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful , because they had to work them out on their own .37.A.confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned【解析】：这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb. that.“让某人突然想到”，为固定句型。38 . A . touching B. thinking C. encouraging D.
22、learning【解析】：本句与文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something"还有下文The lessons they learned ma not.照应。39 . A . Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest【解析】：结合上文的比赛情况可知，“经验”是最好的老师。40.A.harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to【解析】：这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”，但是肯定
23、更加深入、更加有意义，因为这她们自己摸索出来的。different from"与不同”，符合语境。【答案】：37.B38.D39.A40.C5.把握时间线索，做出正确判断有些记叙文叙述一件事，故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索，利用情节的变化来巧妙地做出判断。【典例示例】That second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices!.By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog 23 di
24、dn't have a problem with me scratching her back , and I got an idea .15.A.feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered【解析】：第二年，兔子记得“我”，甚至有一只会坐着享用胡萝卜片。remember"想起，记得”。23 . A . also B. thus C. just D. still【解析】：第三年，兔子和土拨鼠回来了。“我”用手指抓挠土拨鼠的背仍然（still)没有困难。【答案】：15.D23.D【检测训练】1There are good stori
25、es to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and
26、 the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter ha
27、d asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 .
28、Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young m
29、an from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local scho
30、ols. 18 all stories that come out of international exchange, theres a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.1. A. adoptingB. hostingC. raisingD. teaching2. A. internationalB. promisingC. needyD. urban3. A. relativesB. collegesC. housesD. friends4. A. missesB. reme
31、mbersC. praisesD. loves5. A. QueuingB. WorkingC. CallingD. Ordering6. A. surpriseB. angerC. delightD. fear7. A. announcedB. realisedC. explainedD. concluded8. A. obviouslyB. frequentlyC. probablyD. originally9. A. make upB. give awayC. take overD. bring about10. A. talentedB. involvedC. organizedD.
32、relaxed11. A. familiarB. flexibleC. positiveD. controversial12. A. sacrificeB. devotionC. responseD. addiction13. A. teachingB. remindingC. questioningD. warning14. A. requiredB. advisedC. determinedD. considered15. A. compulsoryB. widespreadC. validD. unusual16. A. frightenedB. relievedC. attracted
33、D. challenged17. A. foundedB. inspiredC. joinedD. permitted18. A. ExceptB. LikeC. Rather thanD. Regardless of19. A. differenceB. anecdoteC. amusementD. lesson20. A. mindsB. homesC. eyesD. schools【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. B 19.
34、 D 20. B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了斯科特做志愿者家庭接待国际学生的过程中遇到的事情以及做志愿者工作的意义。1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特很肯定接待一个交换生会产生一些伟大的故事。A. adopting 采纳；B. hosting 接待，主办；C. raising 提高，养育，募集；D. teaching 教。根据下文中“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003.(斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)”可知，此处应填hosting。故选B。2. 考查形
35、容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立联系的中介公司的长期志愿者，斯科特亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. international 国际的；B. promising 有前途的；C. needy需要的；D. urban 城镇的。根据下文“Scott_Christine, for example, a student from Norway.(例如，斯科特想起了克里斯汀，一位来自挪威的学生)”可知，这是来自挪威的学生，所以应是帮助国际学生。故选A。3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立联系的中介公司的长期志愿者，斯科特
36、亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. relatives 亲戚；B. colleges 大学；C. houses住所，家庭成员；D. friends 朋友。根据上下文可知，此处指国际学生来到美国，中介公司帮助他们与寄住家庭建立联系，斯科特是志愿者。故选C。4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，斯科特想起了克里斯汀，一位来自挪威的学生。A. misses思念；B. remembers 记起，想起；C. praises 表扬；D. loves 爱。根据上文可知，提到幽默，斯科特想起了一位曾经接待过的挪威学生。故选B。5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天在一家餐馆点餐时，克里斯汀被问到是要喝汤还是吃沙
37、拉。A. Queuing 排队；B. Working 工作；C. Calling 叫喊； D. Ordering 点餐。根据下文“Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott_7_that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.(尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想要“汤还是沙拉”)”可知，这是在餐馆点餐。故选D。6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩惊讶地转向斯科特，“我为什么要吃超级沙拉？”A. surprise 惊讶；B. anger生气；C. delight
38、 开心；D. fear 害怕。根据后半句女孩问的话，可知女孩很惊讶服务生问的话。故选A。7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想要“汤还是沙拉”。A. announced 宣布；B. realised 意识到；C. explained解释；D. concluded 得出结论。根据下半句“what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”可知，这里是斯科特向女孩解释服务生问的话。故选C。8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份。A. ob
39、viously明显地；B. frequently频繁地；C. probably可能地；D. originally起初，最初。根据“in August 2003”可知，这里描述最初作志愿者的情况。故选D。9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过理解帮助他人实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A. make up 编造，化妆；B. give away 赠送；C. take over 夺取；D. bring about 带来。根据句意可知，斯科特认为帮助能带来和平。故选D。10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过理解帮助实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A. talented 天赋高的；B. involved 参
40、与其中的，相关的；C. organized有组织的；D. relaxed 放松的。根据上文“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. (斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)”可知，斯科特做了志愿者，所以她参与志愿者的工作。故选B。11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过中介公司，我发现我们社区最好的一部分在我们伟大的家族中，并且我可以和我们的学生分享美国积极的一面。A. familiar 熟悉；B. flexible 灵活的；C. positive积极的；D. controv
41、ersial 有争议的。根据上半句“Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families”可知，作者想和学生分享积极的一面。故选C。12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次又一次，她对服务的奉献精神打开了心扉。A. sacrifice 牺牲；B. devotion 奉献；C. response回应；D. addiction 上瘾。根据上下文可知，她很热衷于做志愿者服务。故选B。13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，实际上，他们其中一个奇妙经历来自教一个寄宿生，一个来自德国的名叫延斯的学
42、生，关于美国人如何做志愿者的事情。A. teaching教；B. reminding 提醒；C. questioning质问；D. warning 警告。根据空格后“one hosted student”以及“about how Americans volunteer”可知，这里指教寄宿学生关于美国人如何做志愿者的事情。故选A。14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一年，做志愿者服务是异常的。A. required要求；B. advised建议；C. determined 决定；D. considered 考虑。根据空格后“serving in the army”可知，服兵
43、役是强制要求的。故选A。15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一年，做志愿者服务是异常的。A. compulsory义务的；B. widespread广泛传播的；C. valid 有效的；D. unusual 异常的，稀有的。根据上半句可知，在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役，所以做志愿者是异常的。故选D。16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中介公司来帮助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. frightened 害怕；B. relieved 放松；C. attracted 吸引；D. challenged 挑战。根据后半句可知，他被这一理念深深
44、吸引。故选C。17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中介公司来帮助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. founded 建立；B. inspired鼓舞，激励；C. joined参加；D. permitted允许。根据下文“became very involved with local schools”可知，他加入了中介公司一起推动交流项目。故选C。18. 考查介词和固定搭配辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. Except 除了，B. Like就像C. Rather than 而不是；D
45、. Regardless of 不管不顾。根据文章可知，这个故事只是所有交流故事中的一个，但跟其他的故事一样，都有一个共同的教训。故选B。19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. difference 不同；B. anecdote 趣闻，轶事；C. amusement 娱乐；D. lesson 课程，教训。根据下文“Opening our hearts and_20_is something we can all do.”可知，这是一个总结的经验教训。故选D。20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交
46、流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. minds思想；B. homes 家园；C. eyes 眼睛；D. schools 学校。根据上文“Scott and her husband_8_volunteered to be a host family in August 2003.(斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)可知，这里是指给寄宿学生提供家园住所。故选B。2Raegan Lawrence is an 11-year-old student and band member at Bonaire Middle School,
47、 in central Georgia, USA. Over the past several months, she has used the grief (悲痛) and stress 21 by the COVID-19 pandemic to 22 her best and help others in the process.The COVID-19 pandemic has been very 23 to Raegan and her family. She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the 24 . And she hasnt been able to visit some of her 25 such