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1、考向34 完形填空之夹叙夹议文体分析一般说来，“夹叙夹议”中的“叙”常见的有三种情况：记叙性叙述、描写性叙述和议论性叙述。记叙性叙述带有很强的叙事性。描写性叙述有浓厚的描写色彩。议论性叙述往往由几个事例构成，常采用排比的句式，酣畅淋漓，大气磅礴，表达出飞扬的激情和深邃的思想，极具感染力。这种“叙”难说是叙还是议，实际上是理性化的叙述，叙议一体，渗透了作者的思想与情感。这三种叙述方法，记叙性叙述要把事件的过程写清楚，适合举一个事例时使用；描写性叙述要有对人物和情节的想像再造，适合对一个场景或情境的描述；议论性叙述要选择几个相关的事例，具有概括性，适合列举一组典型事例时使用。“议”是“夹叙夹议”语
2、段的核心、灵魂，是事例叙述的意义之所在。“议”，有四种常见的议论方式。（1）分析性议论。这是一种最常见的议论形式，是对叙述的事例加以分析，揭示事例的内涵，阐释事例的意义，透析事例的实质，使读者能够悟道明理。（2）感悟性议论。这种议论在叙述事例之后生发开去，着重表达作者的感想和领悟。（3）联想性议论。由事例引发联想，由此及彼，联想到过去、现实、未来，联想到包含着类似道理的事例，表达出作者对客观世界的一种认知。（4）对比性议论。先是对所叙述的事例阐述、挖掘，然后再举出事例与之比较分析，找出二者的相同点或不同点，通过对比，孰优孰劣，褒贬分明。题型分析一、题型解读在夹叙夹议形式的完形填空中,作者首先叙
3、述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会主题。夹叙夹议类型的完形填空常见的有以下三种形式：1.先叙述最后得出结论首先作者讲述一个事件，并且利用了主要的篇幅讲述整个事件的发生、发展、高潮、结局，然后作者就此展开议论，或者阐述一个深刻的社会热点，或者自己对生活的感悟等。2.先议论再叙述这也是我们平时见得比较多的完形填空类型。文章首先提出一个深刻的社会话题，或者提出一个人生哲理，然后通过一个事件来印证这个深刻的道理，让人们在具体的事例中体会作者的观点。3.叙述议论多方结合 这一类文章包括“议论叙述议论”型、“叙述议论叙述议论”型。这两种模式都可以概括为多层叙述与议论。也就是针对每
4、一部分论点用事例说明，然后再提出论点再进行论证，或者采用叙述，然后议论的形式。二、解答技巧 夹叙夹议型文章的思路跳跃性强,按照一般的命题要求,文章的首句或者是一个完整的富有哲理的句子,这个句子不容忽视,往往是全文的关键句,甚至是文章的主题；或者是一小段叙述文,作者下文要对此展开议论。夹叙夹议文的主题明确,那就是告诉读者一个道理。因此,正确理解首句和开头段落以及它们在文章中的作用是非常重要的。 夹叙夹议型完形填空是记叙和议论在文中交错运用,这样,不但可以大大充实文章的内容,而且能增强文章的说服力,从而既易于读者理解,又引发读者思考。只要抓住文章的线索,弄明白文章的逻辑关系,就能确定比较明确的、直
5、接的答案。 夹叙夹议型文章的基本结构模式是：用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)；叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现；叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现；作出总结或结论。文章通常使用对比、附加、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。因此考生应注意观察文章的结构特点,根据故事情节的发展模式,确定恰当的衔接词。常见的语篇标志词有：表示逻辑关系的,如thus,therefore,so,though等；表示改变话题的,如by the way等；表示递进关系的,如besides,further,furthermore,what is more等。【典例示例】 (2019·全国卷I)Every y
6、ear about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im 44 about the place other destinations are des
7、cribed as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Aut
8、hority seem to be 49 .The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends
9、abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an
10、 arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.41. A. keepB. mixC. connect D. bring 42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. report
11、ers43. A. positionB. ageC. face D. name 44. A. silentB. skeptical C. serious D. crazy45. A. discoverB. argueC. decide D. advocate 46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean48. A. newB. special C. significant D. necessary49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. bl
12、owing up D. fading away50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52. A. viewB. quality C. reasonD. purpose53. A. scientists B. climbers C. localsD. officials54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to55. A. chan
13、ges B. clearsC. improvesD. permits56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add57. A. village B. desert C. roadD. lake58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally59. A. permanent B. littleC. freshD. artificial60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. saveD. acquire【文章大意】文章讲述了乞力马扎罗山的特征以及与之相关的环境问题。41.D【解析】A. keep
14、保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。【考点】动词辨析42.C【解析】A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。【考点】名词辨析43.C【解析】A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山
15、的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。【考点】名词辨析44.B【解析】A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。【考点】形容词辨析45.A【解析】A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“m
16、uch has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。【考点】动词辨析46.C【解析】A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。【考点】名词辨析47.D【解析】A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and alo
17、ng the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。【考点】形容词辨析48.C【解析】A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。【考点】形容词辨析49.A【解析】A. paying off还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D. fading away逐渐消退
18、。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。【考点】动词短语辨析50.B【解析】A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。【考点】名词辨析51.D【解析】A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所
19、。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为。故D选项切题。【考点】动词辨析52.A【解析】A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。【考点】名词辨析53.B【解析】A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，
20、景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。【考点】名词辨析54.D【解析】A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to达到，履行；D. giving way to向让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。故D选项切题。【考点】动词短语辨析55.A【解析】A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. p
21、ermits允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。【考点】动词辨析56.C【解析】A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。【考点】动词辨析57.B【解析】A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave,
22、stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠。故B选项切题。【考点】名词辨析58.D【解析】A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。【考点】副词辨析59.A【解析】A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-
23、like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。【考点】形容词辨析60.B【解析】A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。【考点】动词辨析【检测训练】1I was 11 years old standing outside in just my underwear while I watche
24、d the house that I grew up in rapidly burn to the ground.A few minutes earlier I had been in bed when a 1 woke me up. A fire had 2 in my grandmas room and awakened her. 3 hearing her, my brother had jumped into 4 , running from room to room quickly waking everyone in the house. 5 we could do anythin
25、g, the fire consumed it. We all barely 6 it outside before the flames had taken hold of every room.I stood there 7 while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched 8 while my mom cried and my dad sighed. I wondered what was going to happen to us 9 we had lost all of our things.As I lo
26、oked around, though, I 10 something for the first time: The things that 11 arent things. I saw my brother running across the swinging bridge by our house to get help. I saw my grandma and dad wrapped in each others arms and my mom 12 our little dog. I realized at that moment that we were all 13 . Ev
27、erything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 . We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all that mattered.I still think of that fire in the night. It helped me to become who I am today. It showe
28、d me for the very first time what was 17 valuable in this life. It helped me to learn that the 18 we share is far more important than the things we own.Live your life for the things that matter, not for the things you 19 . Love your family. Love others. Let the fire inside of you make this world a 2
29、0 place. Let your soul shine bright.1. A. screamB. dreamC. thunderstormD. bell2. A. turned downB. shown upC. broken outD. faded away3. A. WithoutB. AsC. BeyondD. Upon4. A. waterB. bedC. conclusionD. action5. A. UntilB. WhenC. BeforeD. After6. A. putB. madeC. gotD. took7. A. tremblingB. twistingC. wo
30、nderingD. dreaming8. A. carelesslyB. helplesslyC. uselesslyD. fearlessly9. A. even thoughB. now thatC. as ifD. in case10. A. supposedB. predictedC. rememberedD. realized11. A. matterB. weighC. inspireD. improve12. A. raisingB. holdingC. feedingD. cleaning13. A. afraidB. alikeC. aloneD. alive14. A. d
31、elicateB. essentialC. beneficialD. profitable15. A. stopB. remainC. continueD. progress16. A. burningB. appearingC. comingD. leaving17. A. barelyB. simplyC. nearlyD. truly18. A. dogB. fireC. loveD. luck19. A. deserveB. reserveC. possessD. value20. A. warmerB. coolerC. quieterD. safer【答案】1. A 2. C 3.
32、 D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一场大火把作者的家夷为平地，让他们失去了所有，但家人们都幸存了下来，由此作者也明白了一个道理：灾难中，一家人分享的爱远比物质上的东西重要，最后作者呼吁用我们心中的那团热火让世界变得更加温暖。1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟前我还在床上，突然一声尖叫把我吵醒了。A. scream尖叫；B. dream梦想；C. thunderstorm雷暴雨；D. bell铃
33、声。根据下文发生了火灾可知，应该是尖叫声把作者吵醒了。故选A项。2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：奶奶的房间失火了，把她吵醒了。A. turned down拒绝；B. shown up出现；C. broken out爆发；D. faded away消失。根据下文发生了火灾可知，应该动词短语broken out发生，爆发。故选C项。3. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥一听到她的声音，就立刻行动起来，从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了。A. Without没有；B. As作为；C. Beyond超过；D. Upon一就，在之上。根据上文可知，发生了火灾，所以哥哥就立马行动起来。故选
34、D项。4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我哥哥一听到她的声音，就立刻行动起来，从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了。A. water水；B. bed床；C. conclusion结论；D. action行动。根据下文可知，哥哥从一个房间跑到另一个房间，很快地把屋里的每个人都吵醒了，所以哥哥是行动起来。故选D项。5. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我们还没来得及做什么，它就被大火吞噬了。A. Until直到；B. When当的时候；C. Before在之前；D. After在之后。根据句意可知，作者他们还没来得及做什么，房屋就被大火吞噬了。故选C项。6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都
35、没来得及跑出去，火势就席卷了每个房间。A. put放；B. made做；C. got获得；D. took拿。根据空后宾语it可知，此空考查固定短语make it成功完成，成功达到。故选B项。7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我站在那里发抖，大火烧毁了我的书、衣服和玩具。A. trembling颤抖；B. twisting扭；C. wondering想知道；D. dreaming做梦。根据下文“while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched 8 while my mom cried and my dad sighed.(
36、大火烧毁了我的书、衣服和玩具。我无助地看着妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息)”可知，发生了火灾，大火吞噬了一切，看着父母那样无助的状态，所以作者应该吓得发抖。故选A项。8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我无助地看着妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息。A. carelessly不小心地；B. helplessly无助地；C. uselessly无益地；D. fearlessly无畏地。根据下文“while my mom cried and my dad sighed.(妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息)”可知，看到妈妈哭泣，爸爸叹息，而作者又不能做些什么，他只能无助地看着这一切事情的发生。故选B项。9. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我想知道，既
37、然我们失去了所有的东西，我们将会发生什么事。A. even though尽管；B. now that既然，由于；C. as if好像；D. in case以防。根据上文“I wondered what was going to happen to us.(我想知道，我们将会发生什么事)”及下文“we had lost all of our things.(我们失去了所有的东西)”可知，前后句之间的逻辑关系为因果关系，所以空处应填now that既然，由于。故选B项。10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我环顾四周时，我第一次意识到一件事：重要的事情并不是事情。A. supposed应该；B.
38、 predicted预测；C. remembered记得；D. realized意识到。根据下文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 .(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着)”可知，这应该是作者意识到的内容。故选D项。11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我环顾四周时，我第一次意识到一件事：重要的事情并不是事情。A. matter重要，起作用；B. weigh重量；C. inspire激发；D. improve改善。根据下文“And that was all that mattered.(这才是最重要的)”可知，空处应填重要，起作用。故选A项。
39、12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到我的奶奶和爸爸紧紧地拥抱在一起，我的妈妈抱着我们的小狗。A. raising提高；B. holding抱着，拥有；C. feeding喂养；D. cleaning清洗。根据上下文“I saw my grandma and dad wrapped in each others arms and my mom 12 our little dog.(我看到我的奶奶和爸爸紧紧地拥抱在一起，我的妈妈12我们的小狗)”可知，面临突然起来的灾难，家人们无能为力，只能无助地看着灾难发生，所以妈妈应该是抱着我们的小狗。故选B项。13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻我意识
40、到我们都还活着。A. afraid害怕；B. alike相像的；C. alone独自一人的；D. alive活的。根据上下文“Everything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the stuffthat was 16 . (所有必需的东西都幸免于火灾。我们的生活将继续下去。没有燃烧的“东西”我们也能生存)”可知，作者意识到他们都还活着。故选D项。14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾。A. delicate精致的；B. essential
41、至关重要的；C. beneficial有益的；D. profitable盈利的。根据上文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 .(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着)”可知，作者认为至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾。故选B项。15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的生活将继续下去。A. stop停止；B. remain保持；C. continue继续；D. progress进展。根据下文“We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 .(没有了燃烧掉的“东西”我们也能生存)”可知，作者他们的生活将继续下
42、去。故选C项。16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有燃烧掉了的“东西”我们也能生存。A. burning燃烧；B. appearing出现；C. coming来；D. leaving离开。根据上文“Everything that was 14 had survived the fire.(所有至关重要的东西都幸免于火灾)”可知，没有了燃烧掉了的“东西”作者他们也能生存下去。故选A项。17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它第一次让我明白生命中真正有价值的是什么。A. barely仅仅；B. simply简单地；C. nearly几乎；D. truly真正地。根据下文“It helped me to l
43、earn that the 18 we share is far more important than the things we own.(它让我明白，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要)”可知，所以第一次让我明白生命中真正有价值的是什么。故选D项。18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它让我明白，我们分享的爱远比我们拥有的东西重要。A. dog狗；B. fire火；C. love爱；D. luck运气。根据最后一段中的“Love your family. Love others.”可知，空处应填爱。故选C项。19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为重要的东西而活，而不是为你拥有的东西而活。A. de
44、serve应得；B. reserve储备；C. possess拥有；D. value评价。根据上文“I realized at that moment that we were all 13 . Everything that was 14 had survived the fire. Our life would 15 . We would survive without the “stuff” that was 16 . We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all th
45、at mattered.(那一刻我意识到我们都还活着。所有必需的东西都幸免于火灾。我们的生活将继续下去。没有燃烧的“东西”我们也能生存。我们会在未来的许多年里彼此相爱。这才是最重要的)”可知，作者认为我们为重要的东西而活，而不是为所拥有的东西而活。故选C项。20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让你内心的火焰让这个世界变得更温暖。A. warmer更温暖的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. quieter更安静的；D. safer更安全的。根据上文“Let the fire inside of you make this world(让你内心的火焰让这个世界)”可知，火焰让这个世界变得更温暖的。故
46、选A项。2I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I 21 it strongly.On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very 22 at my great ange
47、r caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me.He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it 23 everything away in its way.“Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the 24 o