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1、考点27 祈使句和反意疑问句高考频度： 祈使句一、祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二、祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形+其他成分
2、。Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A.
3、 press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。2.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keepB. to have keptC. keepD. have k
4、ept【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中：祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句用来叙述肯定的条件；祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示否则；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。三、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
5、1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont，构成Dont+行为动词原形+其他成分。Dont say that again! 别再那样说了！2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Dont be careless. 不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Dont，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Lets开头的祈使句，必须在Lets后加not。Dont let
6、 me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!四、祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时
7、，用wont you。Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will you。Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，
8、好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？1.We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _?A. do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we【参考答案】C【答案解析】祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是 好吗, 可以吗。Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?A. hadnt you B. wouldnt youC. arent I D. didnt s
9、he【参考答案】B 【答案解析】在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。五、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是是的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。Dont go out, please. Its rain
10、ing heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们要
11、迟到了。七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。八、祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。Do shut up! 快住口！九、特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。More water an
12、d the young trees couldnt have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。_and Ill get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour【参考答案】B 【答案解析】本题考查 祈使句+and+简单句的用法, 其中祈使句可转换成名词短语, 如One
13、 more word and Ill beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项, 要去掉and。十、运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。 _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checkedB. CheckC. If you checkD. To check【参考答案】C【答案解析】如果空白处选填B项，则视为祈使句，
14、但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项（分词或不定式），句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项（条件状语从句）符合句子结构及句意。反意疑问句 高考对疑问句的考查主要是对反义疑问句的考查。反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句，用于对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，但是肯定和否定形式却彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问句部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，附加部分用肯定式。反义疑问句主要分以下各种情况：反意疑问句由两部分构成
15、：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。陈述部分用肯定形式时，附加问句部分用否定形式，反之亦然。附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定，而且主语必须是代词。1. 陈述部分的主语是名词时，附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词。Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didnt they?2. 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语侧重全部用they，侧重个体用he。No one was there that day, was he/were they?3. 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句的
16、主语用it。Everything that he says is true, isnt it?4. 陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问句的主语在正式的场合用one，在非正式场合用you。One should be honest, shouldnt one/you?5. 陈述部分主语是指示代词时，反意疑问句的主语要用it或they。This is your car, isnt it?Those are grapes, arent they?6. 陈述部分是there be结构时，反意疑问句仍用there。There was a hospital here, wasnt there?7. 陈述部分
17、有表示推测的情态动词must时，反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。They must be sleeping then, werent they?must后接完成式，若表示对过去情况的推测，附加问句中动词用didnt；若表示对已完成情况的推测，用havent或hasnt。8. 陈述部分含有否定词时，反意疑问句用肯定式。He is never late for school, is he?They seldom clean the room, do they?常见的否定词有no，never，nothing，nowhere，rarely，hardly，seldom，few，little等；若
18、陈述部分有带否定意义词缀的派生词，如dislike，useless，unfair等，后面的附加问句仍用否定式。9. 陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句用will you或wont you。Look at the blackboard, will/wont you?Dont make any noise, will you？以Lets开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；以Let us/me开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you；陈述部分是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或can you都可以。10. 陈述部分是并列句时，反意疑问句与邻近的分句一致。She works hard
19、and she is the best one in her factory, isnt she?11. 陈述部分是复合句时，反意疑问句与主句一致。When the teacher speaks in class, we have to keep quiet, dont we?12. 陈述部分是否定转移句式时，反意疑问句与从句一致，且用肯定形式。I dont think he will come, will he?在回答反意疑问句时，不管其陈述句部分是肯定的还是否定的，如果事实是肯定的，回答用yes肯定的简略句；如果事实是否定的，回答用no否定的简略句，形式要一致。陈述部分是否定形式时，答语中
20、的yes译成不，no译成是。They havent been told the truth, have they?Yes, they have. / No, they havent.题组一 能力过关I. 单项填空1. There are a few measures you can take to improve your grade, and one of them is: _ the material you do poorly in.A. doesnt ignoreB. not to ignoreC. not ignoreD. dont ignore2. _ in the library
21、, or youll be fined 10 dollars and banned from entering for one month.A. If you smokeB. Not smokeC. Not smokingD. No smoking3. Daddy, this is my favorite show. Could you.?No. _ before the TV set and Ill cancel our plan to Disneyland tomorrow.A. Have more minuteB. One more minuteC. Given one more min
22、uteD. If you have one more minute4. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A.do devoteB. dont devoteC. devotingD. not devoting5. _ your homework before you watch TV.A. DoB. DoingC. To doD. Done6. Follow your doctors advice, _ your illness will get better.A. thenB. orC. andD. b
23、ut7. _ to the answer, and then you will find where your problem is.A. To referB. ReferringC. ReferredD. Refer8.When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _?A.do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you1.Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday,
24、 _she?A. had B. did C. hadnt D. didnt2.You and I could hardly work together, _?A. could you B. couldnt I C. couldnt we D. could we3.I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _ ?A. could he B. didnt I C. didnt you D. could they4.It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, _?A.
25、doesnt itB. does itC. dont theyD. do they5. Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _?A. isnt heB. hasnt heC. isnt itD. hasnt it6. Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _?A. hadnt youB. wouldnt youC. arent ID. didnt she7. The students who are sitting at the back of the classroom,
26、please keep quiet, _?A. do youB. dont theyC. arent youD. will you8. Mrs Willson doesnt believe that Tom is able to pass the exam, _?Thats where I disagree.A. does sheB. doesnt sheC.is sheD. isnt she9.I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your st
27、ay, _ you?A. mustn't B. haven'tC. didn't D. hadn't10. Lets work out a plan that we all can agree on, _?A. shall weB. dont weC. will youD. cant we11. The government must have taken measures to lower the house prices next year, _ it?Yes. I guess so.A. didntB. hasntC. mustntD. wont12.Wh
28、en youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _?A.do youB.dont youC.will youD.wont youII语法填空(1)（2020·江苏泉山 徐州一中高三月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese Olympic champion Sun Yang was 1(initial) cleared of wrongdoing by FINA, the swimming federation(联盟), in January
29、 2019. Following an appeal by the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) to the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS), the decision has 2(turn) over. An eight-year ban was given on Sun because this was his second 3(offend). Sun told Chinas Xinhua news agency that he planned to appeal 4 the decision. He said,
30、“This is 5(fair). I firmly believe in my innocence.” CAS said its decision can be challenged before the Swiss Federal Tribunal within 30 6(day). Sun told an appeal hearing in November that he missed a test because testers failed 7(prove) their identity when they arrived at this home. He also denied
31、that a vial(小瓶) 8(contain) his blood samples was smashed(砸碎) by him with 9hammer. The three-time Olympic gold medallist is set to appeal his ban until February 2028, 10if upheld, effectively ends his swimming career.(2)（2020·四川成都经开区实验中学高三开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。With fewer than 2, 0
32、00 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting of one of the lovely animals is a cause for 11 (celebrate). However, the one recently spotted walking through a bamboo forest in Chinas Sichuan Province is even more so, 12 (consider) that it is the worlds first known all-white panda!It 13 (spot) by an
33、infrared (红外线的) camera set up to monitor the wildlife in the Wolong National Nature Reserve on May 25, 2019, 14 is also home to Chinas first giant panda breeding and research center. Wolong officials estimate the panda, whose sex is hard 15 (determine) from the photo, is between one and two years ol
34、d.16 is generally believed that the giant pandas unique black and white coloring allows it to blend in with the snow during winter or to hide in the shade during summer. Some 17 (scientist) also believe the dark circles around the eyes help the panda bears recognize each other. 18 (lucky), the lack
35、of markings does not seem to have affected the all-white panda so far.The researchers say albino (白化病) animals are rare in general. Thats because it can only happen if both parents carry the gene. With so few specimens of panda bears left in the world, the possibility of that happening is almost nex
36、t 19 impossible. Researchers believe if its offspring can be photographed, it will be 20 (value) for further research.III短文改错(1)（2020·四川成都经开区实验中学高三开学考试）I like travelling and my dream of visiting Beijing, the capital city of our country, come true during the National Day holidays this year. My m
37、other booked an one-day tour for me. On the morning of October 1st I went to Tiananmen Square with one of my classmates , there we watched the flag-raising ceremony. As I watched the flag rising slowly, I sang the national anthem, feeling extreme proud. Several hours later, a grand military parade w
38、as held mark the People's Republic of China's 70th founding anniversary. In the afternoon we decided to go to other famous tourist attraction, like the Great Wall. When we reached the destination, it was crowded with tourists. I was glad for which those volunteers had done for little kids an
39、d elderly people . Standing on the Great wall, we couldnt help admire the splendid scenery. This travelling, with doubt, meant a lot of to me.(2)（2020·江西景德镇一中高三月考）My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and s
40、he makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill.But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding
41、her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】题组二 体验真题1.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed2.（2017·新课标卷I·短文改错）I The instru
42、ctor kept repeating the word（改为words）, Speed up! Slow down! Turning left!3. （2016·新课标卷·语法填空）It could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.题组一 能力过关I. 单项填空1.D 【解析】主句是一般过去时态的肯定句，
43、因此其反意问句应该用一般过去时态的否定句。2.D 【解析】根据陈述部分是肯定形式，疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly， 故疑问部分用肯定形式，主语是you and I。故应选D。3.B 【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？4.B 【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？5. C 【解析】考查反意疑问句。在Its
44、 the first time that.句型中，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。故C项正确。6. B 【解析】考查反意疑问句。在既有主句又有从句的时候，如果主句部分是I think，I suppose，Im sure，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致。故在该题中，反意疑问句要和从句youd rather she went to school by bus一致，根据前否后肯的原则，该反意疑问句应为wouldnt you。故B选项正确。7. D 【解析】考查反意疑问句。若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, wont you, would you等。
45、句意：那些坐在教室后面的同学，请保持安静，可以吗？故选D。8. A 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：Willson认为Tom不会通过考试，是吗？我不同意。由前面的Mrs Willson doesnt可知后面用does she，故A项正确。9.C 在“must have done”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中，反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式，因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语，反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式，若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer，故选C。10. A 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：我们制订出一个大家都会同意的计划，行吗？Lets., shall we? 是常用的表示建议的句型。11. B 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：政府肯定已经采取措施降低房价了，是吗？