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1、考点25祈使句&反意疑问句&省略句-特殊句型(重难考点精讲练)祈使句一、祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根 据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告 时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不 能与情态动词连用。Ke叩off the grass!勿踩踏草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二、祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为
2、动词原形+其他成分。Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2.Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3.Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。经典好题1. (2022 险国乙卷 随文改错)Thafs our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】hopes改为hope【解析】考查祈使句。句意:希
3、望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句, 所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。2.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.A. to keep【参考答案】CB. to have keptC. keepD. have kept考向3:宾语从句中的省略(1) 一个句子含有两个宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略。例 1 : I think (that) he needs some help ad that we should
4、help him.我认为他需要帮助,我们应该帮助他。(2)省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一局部,用so或not代替。例2: Is he coming back tonight?今天晚上他要回来吗?I think so.我认为是这样的。例 3 : 一Is he feeling better today?今天他觉得好点 了吗?afraid not.恐怕没有。,经典好题在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. 一Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?一I dont believe.2. 一Do you think well tell
5、him the bad news?一 Of course, I hope.【答案与解析】soo这里so替代上文宾语从句ifs going to rain over the weekendo故答案是so。1. note这里I hope not表示“我不希望你告诉他这个坏消息”。故答案是not。考向4:动词不定式的省略(1)感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to;以下句型常省略不定式符号to: may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; cant help but do sth. Why not sth? prefer t
6、o do.rather than do sth, would rather dothan do等。例1 : We saw a pretty girl pass by just now.刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。例2: Why not join us in playing basketball?为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢?【即时训练】单句改错。1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.1.1 lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing bu
7、t to wait for my mother.2. They had no choice but sleep in the open air.【答案与解析】.去掉to。let sb do sth表示“让某人做事,故答案是去掉to。1 .去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型,表示“不得不做某事,故答案是去掉to。2 . sleep前加to。have no choice but to do sth是固定句型,表示“不得不做某事”。故答案是sleep前加to。(2)在特定上下文中,为了防止重复,不定式可以省略但通常保存不定式符号to。例:【didnt want to ro the
8、re, but I had to.我不想去那里,但又不得不去。经典好题单句改错。1 . The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.2 .一Will Mr Brown come, too?Yes. He promised, but he hasnt turned up yet.【答案与解析】.去掉do。在特定上下文中,为了防止重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保存不定式符号t。故答案是 去掉doo1 . promised后加to。结合语境答语意思是:是的,他容许要来,但是还
9、没有出现呢。故答案是promised后 加tOo省略不定式符号to的情况。a.当主语局部含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情翻开门。b.不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语,前面有实义动词d。的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。c.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示比照关系时那么不能省略。Im really puzzled what to thi
10、nk of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。名师点睛省略句中to的遗漏【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.【正】 She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.分析 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, m
11、ean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了防止重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保存不定式符号t。d.在 see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to 等感官动词及使役动词 let, make, have 后作 宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。He had two
12、boys wash his car.他让两个另孩给他洗车。e. youd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。Why not try it again?为什么不再试试?注意:do what we can to do.全力以赴去做考向5:介词的省略(1) both后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词。f可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。Both (of) the films were interesting.这两部电影都很有趣。She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀请我们俩
13、去参加她的生日派对。(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。(3)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词consider. (as)., spend/waste.(in) doing 花费、浪费时间做某事;be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事; prevent/stop .(from) doing 阻止某人做某事;have a hard time (in) doing 做某事有困难;have trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难;There is no points/sense (in) doing 做没有用;have fu
14、n (in) doing 做开心。(4)his, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.树能阻止泥土被冲走。I have difficulty (in) finding his house.例 1: She is occupied looking after her sick grandma.她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。例 2: The police have been trying to Dreuent them carry加殳 weapons.警方一直都设法阻止他们
15、携带武器。Y经典好题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time(pass) the exam.2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week(watch) TV.3. You cant imagine what a hard time she had(raise) the four children.4. In fact, they are planning to visit
16、China in next year.【答案与解析】passingo have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。1. watchingo spend.(in) doing花费时间做某事,介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。2. raisingo have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。3. 去掉第二个in。this, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。next year直接作时间状语。故答案考向6:比拟句中的省略以than
17、/as引起的从句中,常会省略主语。因为主语省略了,所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语, 进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。He is more of a writer than a historian他是历史学家,但更可以说是位作家。He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。考向7: Pm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否认,宾语从句可省去。(1) Do you think it will snow?I hope not/that it will
18、 not snow.你认为会下雪吗?我希望不要下。(2) 一Do you believe Jim will come?一I think so.你相信Jim会来吗?我想会赢。1严.检帮I .单句语法填空(2021 黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三一模)A pitcher needs to throw the ball w汕 one hand and (wear) a baseball glove on the other-something that Jim couldnt do.【答案】wear【解析】考查动词不定式省略。句意:投手需要一只手投球,另一只手戴棒球手套,这是吉姆做不到的。此空和and前动词不
19、定式to throw并列,应该用动词不定式,且并列的两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式 中的to可省略。故填wearo(2021 安徽示范高中皖北协作区高三一模)But it is China has always held the most fascination forhim and last year he became the first filmmaker from outside China to(make)a film about the life and work ofpoet Du Fu.【答案】that【解析】 考查强调句型。句意:但对他来说,中国一直是最吸引他的地方。去年,
20、他成为了第一个拍摄 关于诗人杜甫生平和作品的电影的海外电影人。去掉it is和that后是一个完整的句子,所以此处为强调句。 故填thato(2021 山西省阳泉市高三第三次教学质量检测(三模)Although(force) to walk away a little out of fear, the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following.【答案】forced【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管由于害怕,这只鸟被迫走开了一点,但它还是不停地转过身来,以确保自己跟上了。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词force和主
21、语the bird之间是被动关系,故用其 过去分词,作状语;用于连词Although之后,相当于it was forced,(此处it was可省略)。故填forced。1. (2021 山东济南市高三一模)There(be) four roles in facial makeup, sheng, dan, jing, and chou.【答案】are【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:脸谱里有四个角色,生、旦、净和丑。此处缺少谓语,讲的是事实,时态用一般现在时,主语four roles是复数,就近原那么,谓语用复数形式。故填are。2. (2021 浙江省Z20联盟(名校新高考研究联盟)高
22、三第三次联考)This provides a reminder that it is users9 attitudes shape their experiences on social media.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意:这提醒我们,是用户的态度塑造了他们在社交媒体上的体验。此句是强调句式:Itis/was +强调局部+ that(指人也可用who) +其他。该句强调句子主语usersattitudes。故填that。 6. (2021 山东省潍坊市四县市(安丘,诸城,五莲,兰山)高考模拟)In an afternoon of 1929, a farmer and his
23、 son in a village of Chinas Sichuan Province accidentally discovered a true wonder of civilization when(dig) a well.【答案】digging【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:1929年的一个下午,在中国四川省的一个村庄,一个农民和他的儿子在挖井时意外地发现了一个真正的文明奇迹。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词时, 可以省略从句的主语及be动词;此处表示过去正在发生的动作,要用过去进行时,即when (the farmer and his son were) digg
24、ing a wello 故填 digging o7. (2021 上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模)Without a doubt, engaging in physical activity is one of the most important things,not the most important thing, that a person can do to enhance best functioning.【答案】if【解析】 考查连词。句意:毫无疑问,参加体育活动如果不是最重要的事情,也是最重要的事情之一, 一个人可以参加体育活动来提高最正确功能。not the most impo
25、rtant thing 是 is one of the most important things 的前提条件,所以应用if引导条件状语从句,此处省略it is, it代指engaging in physical activityo故填if。 8. (2021 安徽师范大学附属中学高三 5 月最后一卷)That is why the Japanese government is reportedly going to approve a strategy of discharging the water to the ocean, as(recommend) by scientific adv
26、isers.【答案】recommended【解析】 考查省略句。句意:这就是为什么据报道,日本政府将按照科学顾问的建议,批准一项将水排 入海洋的战略。在as引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it且从句含有be时,可 省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为as it was recommended by scientific advisers.,相当于省略了 it waso 故填 recommended o(2021 ,山东省实验中学高三 5 月第二次模拟考试)When(practise) it quietly and slowly, you can sense the exi
27、sting of air and gradually(gradual) in the near future this sport will become your new lifestyle.【答案】practising【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当静静地慢慢练习时,你可以感觉到空气的存在,在不久的将来,这项运动将逐渐成为你的新生活方式。状语从句的省略:当状语从句主语与主句主语一致且状语从句中包 含助动词be时,可以省略状语从句中主语和助动词be。分析句子可知,本句中When引导的时间状语从句 中省略了主语和助动词be,原句应为“When you are practising it q
28、uietly and slowly,,所以省略后只保存 practising o 故填 practising o9. (2021 湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三考前预测卷)If youre looking to maximize(maximize) the amount of fat burned in your next workout,(think) about having a coffee half an hour before you get started-as a new study suggests it can make a significant difference to fa
29、t burning, especially later on in the day.【答案】think【解析】 考查祈使句与动词原形。句意:如果你想在下一次锻炼中最大限度地燃烧脂肪,可以考虑在开 始锻炼前半小时喝杯咖啡。分析句子可知,空格前是if引导的条件状语从句,空格后是主句,用祈使句式, 祈使句无主语,用动词原形开头。故填think。II .单句改错(2021 宁夏石嘴山市高考二模)What great the change was!【答案】WhatHow【解析】 考查感叹句。句意:变化真大! how和what均可引导感叹句,how强调形容词。what强调名词, 结合形容词great可知,
30、此处是how引导的感叹句结构“how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。故将What改为 Howo(2021江西省宜丰中学高三一模)1 have a good command of English and Im confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring.答案 requiringrequired【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知,此处是as(I am)required的省略,当主句主语和从句主语 一致,且从句谓语动词有be时,从句主语和be可以省略,I和require是动宾关系,应该用被动语态。故将 requiring
31、 改为 required 0(2021 江西南昌市高三一模)Only then Im honest and reliable will I be trusted with others.【答案】then-if【解析】 考查倒装句。句意:只有当我老实可靠,别人才会信任我。分析句子可知,only if是固定搭配意 为“只有”,位于句首,主句使用局部倒装。故将then改为if。1. (2021江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)The room had been booked previously so it was no need to deal with this problem.【答案】it 一
32、there【解析】考查固定句型。句意:房间之前已经订好了,所以没有必要处理这个问题。there is no need to dosth.“没必要做某事”是固定句型。故将it改为thereo2. (2021河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第三次质量预测)When interviewing by the school TV station, I expressed my pride in our splendid culture.【答案】interviewinginterviewed【解析】 考查省略句和非谓语动词。句意:在接受学校电视台采访时,我表达了对我们灿烂文化的自豪。 在when引导的省略句中,动
33、词interview意为“采访,和主语I构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词。故将 interviewing 改为 interviewed o(2021 甘肃兰州市高三一模)They are many after-school activities in my school.【答案】They 一 There【解析】考查therebe句型。句意:我们学校有许多课外活动。根据句意可知,此处用there be存在句,表示“有“,they are表示“他们是。故将They改为There。3. (2021 ,内蒙古呼和浩特市高三一模)Only when we live in a clean city we l
34、ive a happy life.【答案】 在city后添加can/will【解析】 考查倒装句。句意:只有当我们生活在一个干净的城市,我们才能过上幸福的生活。Only when we live in a clean city是only修饰状语从句位于句首,主句应用局部倒装。故在city后添加can/willo(2021 安徽示范高中皖北协作区高三一模)There will have an English speech contest next week, which I plan to get involved in.【答案】There - We/have - be【解析】 考查there
35、be结构或主语判断。句意:下周有一场英语演讲比赛,我打算参加。there be意为“有”, 为固定句型,所以可将have改为be;如果用have作谓语,那么应用we作主语。故将There改为We或者将 have 改为 be。4. (2021 东北三校(哈师大附中、东师大附中、辽宁省实验中学)高三第四次联合模拟考试)Apart from these reasons, there is even some students who complain that they cant afford sports facilities.【答案】is 一 are【解析】考查there be句型。句意:除了这
36、些原因,甚至有一些学生抱怨他们负担不起体育设施。there be句型中主语some students是可数名词复数,主谓要保持时态和数的一致。故将is改为are。5. (2021安徽省合肥市第一中学高三最后一卷)There is a Chinese saying goes like this: Traveling ten thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books.【答案】goesgoing或在goes前加that/which【解析】 考查非谓语动词或定语从句。句意:中国有句谚语这样说:读万卷书不如行万里路。分析句子 可知,该句为
37、there be句型,主语a Chinese saying后为定语,动词go与之为主动关系,可用其现在分词作 后置定语;此处定语也可用定语从句表达,因先行词为事物,用关系代词that或which引导从句,在从句 中作主语。故将goes改为going或在goes前力口 that/which。6. When different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticingmany similarities.A. being comparedB. comparingC. ComparedD. hav
38、ing been compared【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句省略。句意:当比拟不同的文化的时候,我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没 有注意到它们之间的相似之处。当从句省略主语的时候,暗指的主语必须和主句的主语一致, “When ”后没有主语,所以它暗指的主语必须是后面主句的主语,就是卬we”,也就是说从句 里的compare的主语是we,表示“我们在比拟,compare与句子we构成主动关系,使用动词 的现在分词,且与主句主语pay attention to同时发生,用一般式。A项是被动式;C项是过去 分词,D项是完成被动式,均表示被动。故B项正确。12.If(give) more car
39、e and attention, the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path.(所给词的 适当形式填空)【答案】given【详解】考查过去分词和省略句。句意:如果多给些关心和注意,这个男孩就不会在错误的道路上走那么远了。在if引导的省略句中,动词give和主语-boy构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词作状语。故填given。I真题冠1 .(2022 全国乙卷 簿文改错)Thafs our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
40、【答案】hopes改为hope【解析】考查祈使句。句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句, 所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。应选C。 句意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第一、三人称祈使 句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中:祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句“用来表达肯定的条件;祈使 句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来表达否认的条件,or(else
41、)表示“否那么”;句首以动词原形开头。从此题 的成分来判断,可以看出是考查祈使句。3.and Ill get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour【答案】B【解析】此题考查祈使句+and+简单句”的用法,其中祈使句可转换成名词短语,One more word and Ill beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项,要去掉and。4. In any unsafe situation, simply the
42、button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意:在任何不平安的情况下,仅仅掘一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使 你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词,连接并列结构,and后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中 只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故A选项正确。点睛:祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两局部间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关 系
43、时: 用。该句式中的陈述句局部常用一般将来时态。5. blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. GivingB. GivenC. To giveD. Give【答案】D【解析】考查固定句型。句意:如果你能献血,许多生命将被拯救。此处是考查特殊句式中的:祈使句+and+陈述句, 祈使句是以动词原形开头,应选D。三、祈使句的否认句式祈使句的否认句式,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never, 一般分为以下四种类型:1 .在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont构成 Don+行为动词原形+其他成分Dont say that again!别再那样说了!2
44、.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont构成” Don* be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等): Don,be careless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否认副词not不可置于be之后。3 . Let引起的祈使句的否认形式有两种:(l)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词 的宾格,可在Let前加Dont也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let,s开头的祈使句, 必须在Lets后加noteDont let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天
45、跟她起去。Lefs not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。4 .在公共场合的提示语中,否认祈使句常用” No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!四、祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问局部。通常有以下三种形式:1 .祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用woiTtyou。Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Come to h
46、ave dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?2 .祈使句为否认句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。Don、smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?3 . Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Lets用shall we外,其他均用will you。Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走,好吗?五、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wonk在回答具有否认 意义的祈使句时,要注意两
47、点:一是“形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是”意 思相反,即Yes是“不”的意思;No是”是的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。一Dont go out, please. It9s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。一Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连 词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在
48、一种否认条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有方法。Hurry up, or well be late.快点,否那么我们要迟到了。七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个 。八、祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。Do shut up!快住口!九、特殊形式的祈使句在英语中