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1、十年（20102020）高考英语真题分项详解27完形填空·议论文体类1.(2013年，上海卷）Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 1 for all?According to the World Bank, one of
2、 its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 2 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 3 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world e
3、conomy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 4 at an average rate of five percentcompared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 5 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-ba
4、sed businesses. 6 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 7 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 8 the gap between the rich and poor. A study
5、carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 9 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 10 , they mai
6、ntain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 11 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 12 . When large-scale manufacturers start to pro
7、duce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 13 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalizationthere is no 14 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 15
8、now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.1.A.possibleB.smoothC.goodD.easy2.A.crimeB.povertyC.conflictD.population3.A.contributingB.respondingC.turningD.owing4.A.remainB.dropC.shiftD.increase5.A.doubtB.defineC.advocateD.ignore6.A.In additionB.For instan
9、ceC.In other wordsD.All in all7.A.matureB.newC.localD.foreign8.A.findingB.exploringC.bridgingD.widening9.A.sufferedB.profitedC.learnedD.withdrawn10.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Otherwise11.A.consumeB.deliverC.exportD.advertise12.A.troubleB.businessC.powerD.mind13.A.keep upB.come inC.go aroundD
10、.help out14.A.taking offB.getting alongC.holding outD.turning back15.A.agreementB.predictionC.outcomeD.challenge【答案】CBADC BCDBA CBADD【解析】本文是说明文，文章主要讲述的是市场开放，即全球化给人们带来的影响。文章中包含两种相反的观点，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的好处，一种观点陈述的是全球化带来的问题，各有充足的论点和论据。文章最后得出结论：全球化不可避免、无回头路可走，只有想办法找到一条最好的全球化的道路。1.考查形容词。句意：问题是，经济全球化对所有人都好吗（有
11、好处吗）?A.possible可能的；B.smooth顺利的，光滑的，平稳的；C.good好的；D.easy简单的。根据上一句的“increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market可知，逐渐地把世界经济转变为了一个自由流动的全球大市场，很明显这是讲市场开放的好处，这里是针对这种情况进行发问，故选C。2.考查名词。句意：经济全球化帮助减少贫困。A.crime 犯罪；B.poverty贫困；C.conflict冲突；D.population人口。根据后文的“It quotes one stu
12、dy that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries ”中的increased wealth(增加的财富)可知，市场开放给这些国家带来了财富的增加，财富增加了，那么就是减少了贫困问题。故选B。3.考查动词短语。句意：增加的财富使教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长。A.contributing促成，导致；B.responding对做出反应；C.turning转向，向某人求助；D.owing to由于。根据后面的improved educ
13、ation and longer life可知，教育得到了改善，人的寿命得到了延长，因此是产生了好的促进作用，故选A。4.考查动词。句意：这24个国家的人的收入增加了平均百分之五。A.remain仍然；B.drop下降；C.shift转移，变换；D.increase增加。根据上文中的It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries可知，这24个国家的财富增加了，也就是说他们的收入增加了，即incr
14、ease。故选D。5.考查动词。句意：发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会。A.doubt怀疑；B.define定义、规定、明确；C.advocate提倡，拥护；D.ignore忽视。根据后面的 economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses可知，发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会，尤其是其中的“benefit from”可知，该观点的those（人们）是支持，提倡市场开放的，故选C项。
15、6.考查介词短语。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。上一句讲到了小型的、家庭型的生意会获得更多的机会，该句讲的是他们具体是得到怎样的机会，因此属于具体说明、举例说明，故选择B项的for instance，意为“例如”。In addition意为“此外”，表递进关系。In other words换句话说。All in all总而言之。故选B。7.考查形容词。句意：例如，巴西的小农场主，他们生产的坚果原本只在当地市场销售。A.mature成熟的；B.new新的；C.local当地的；D.foreign国外的。根据后面的“can now promote their go
16、ods worldwide by the Internet.”中的now, worldwide与前半句的originally和 in 56 open-air markets 是对比关系，即过去是当地市场，现在市场开放后是全球市场。故选C。8.考查动词。句意：经济全球化加大了穷人和富人之间的差距。A.finding找到；B.exploring探索；C.bridging架桥、度过；D.widening变宽。根据前面的“Critics take a different view”可知，该部分陈述的是反对市场开放的观点，因此他们认为市场开放会加大（widen）穷人和富人之间的差距。故选D。9.考查动词
17、。句意：只有少部分发展中国家是从中（市场开放）收益的。A.suffered遭受；B.profited获益、盈利；C.learned学习；D.withdrawn撤退、收回。根据后面的“the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind”可知，穷人、未受教育的人、没有技术的工人和当地人都被丢在了后面，也就是说只有少部分人是从中（市场开放）收益的，故选B。10.考查连词。句意：而且全球化会逐渐威胁到新兴企业。A.Furthermore此外，表递进关系；B.Therefore因此，因
18、果关系；C.However然而，转折关系；D.Otherwise否则，转折关系。根据下文的“globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses.”可知，该观点与上面几句的观点类似，都是属于反对市场开放的，但是该观点与上面的加大贫富差距不一样，因此跟上一观点是递进关系，故选A。11.考查动词。句意：例如，印度的手艺人目前看起来是从全球化中收益了，因为他们可以出口他们的商品，但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。A.consume消耗、消费；B.deliver递送，发表；C.export出口；D.advertise做广告
19、。根据上文中的“small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet”可知，当地人可以通过互联网把商品卖到世界各地，即向国外出口（export)商品，故选C。12.考查介词短语。句意：但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他们破产。根据前文face fierce competition可知，激烈的竞争可能会导致他们破产，即out of b
20、usiness。Out of trouble 脱离困境；out of power丧失权力；out of mind心不在焉。故选B。13.考查动词短语。句意：小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。A.keep up保持、继续、不落后；B.come in进来；C.go around四处走动、供应；D.help out帮助摆脱困境。根据上文的out of business和下文的be crowded out可知，此处指的是小手艺人的生意将不能继续下去。故选A。14.考查动词短语。句意：全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走的。A.taking off起飞，脱掉；B.getting along相处、进展；C.hol
21、ding out伸出、坚持；D.turning back往回走。根据下文可知，随着科技的发展，还会有更多的开放政策，将会出现更好的全球化，因此可知，全球化是必然的，是没有回头路可走的，故选D。15.考查名词。句意：目前最大的挑战就是找到一个方法，来创造出一个能够对每一个人都有好处的全球化。A.agreement同意、一致；B.prediction预测、预计；C.outcome后果；D.challenge挑战。创造出对每个人都有好处的全球化是一个挑战。故选D。2.(2012年，江苏卷）The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is alm
22、ost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be_36_. Solitude can be hard to discover _37_it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have _38_our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to
23、 a(n) _39_as weve known it. People have become so _40_in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted _41_theyd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our _42_, but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become
24、_43_on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_it would make them an outsider. _45_, many jobs and careers require people to be _46_. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a _47_to those
25、 who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who _48_wants it. Computers can be shut _49_and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected”and “ on”has many _50_, as well as disadvantages. Traveler
26、s have ended up _51_on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel _52_and forced to answer unwanted calls or_53_to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _54_ across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider
27、 it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_daily advancements in technology.16.A.updatedB.receivedC.sharedD.collected17.A.thoughB.untilC.onceD.before18.A.respectedB.shapedC.ignoredD.preserved19.A.edgeB.stageC.endD.balance20.A.sensitiveB.in
28、telligentC.considerateD.reachable21.A.even ifB.only ifC.as ifD.if only22.A.mediaB.computersC.databasesD.monitors23.A.bentB.hardC.keenD.dependent24.A.findingB.usingC.protectingD.changing25.A.AlsoB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.Somehow26.A.connectedB.trainedC.recommendedD.interested27.A.pleasureB.benefitC.burde
29、nD.disappointment28.A.slightlyB.hardlyC.merelyD.really29.A.outB.downC.upD.in30.A.aspectsB.weaknessesC.advantagesD.exceptions31.A.hiddenB.lostC.relaxedD.deserted32.A.trappedB.excitedC.confusedD.amused33.A.turnB.submitC.objectD.reply34.A.varyB.ariseC.spreadD.exist35.A.beyondB.withinC.despiteD.without【
30、答案】CCBCD ABDBA ACDBC BADAD【解析】这是一篇议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。16.考查动词。根据上一句可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于分享。update“更新”；receive“接收”；share“分享”；collect“收集”。17.考查连词。句意：“独处一旦被放弃就很难发现。”though“尽管”，表让步；until“直到”，表时间；once“一旦”，表条件；before“
31、在之前”，表时间。18.考查动词。句意：“从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。”respect“尊重”；shape“塑造”（跟46空后changed一致）；ignore“忽视”；preserve“保存”。19.考查名词。句意：“被联系的渴望使独处消亡。”edge“边缘”；stage“舞台，阶段”；end“结束”，bring an end to“使结束”；balance“平衡”。20.考查形容词。句意“在网络交织的世界里，人们已经变得如此随处可及。”sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“有才智的”；considerate“体贴的”；reachable“可到达的”。21.考查连词
32、。句意：“即使他们不情愿也能经常被联系上。”even if“即使”，表让步；only if“只要，只有”，表条件；as if“似乎，好像”，表方式；if only“要是.就好了”，表虚拟。22.考查名词。句意：“今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话，编辑短信，发邮件，聊天和写博客。”media“媒体”（包括手机，种属矛盾）；computer“电脑”（与手机并列）；database“数据库”；monitor“监视器”。23.考查形容词。句意：“大多数发达国家已经依赖于数码技术，仅仅因为习惯于此。”be bent on“热衷于，专心致志于”；be hard on“对苛刻”；be keen
33、 on“热衷于，喜欢”be dependent on“对依赖”。24.考查动名词。句意：“这个时候，不使用数码技术将会使他们成为局外人。”find“发现”；use“使用”；protect“保护”；change“保护”。25.考查副词。句意：“而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。”also“而且”；instead“相反”；otherwise“否则”；somehow“不知何故，不知怎地”。26.考查动词。句意同上。connect“连接，联系”；train“训练”；recommend“推荐”；interest“使感兴趣”。27.考查名词。句意：“对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可
34、能感觉像个负担”。pleasure“乐事”；benefit“益事”；burden“负担”；disappointment“令人失望的事”。28.考查副词。句意：“我认为，积极的一面是对任何真的想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的。”slightly“稍微低”；hardly“几乎不”；merely“仅仅”；really“真正地”。29.考查副词。句意：“电脑可以被关机，手机也是。”shut out“把.关在外面”shut down“关闭”（与该空后turn off一致）；shut up“使闭嘴”；shut in“围住”30.考查名词。句意：“能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端”。aspect“方面”；weakn
35、ess“弱点”；advantage“优势”（与该空后disadvantage相对）；exception“例外”。31.考查分词。句意“旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。”hidden“藏起来”；lost“迷路”；relaxed“放松的”；deserted“被遗弃，空无一人的”。end up done/adj/doing“以告终（为结局）”。32.考查分词。句意：“手机也会使人们感到受限制”trapped“被困的，受限制的”；excited“激动兴奋的”；confused“困惑的”；amused“愉快的，开心的”。33.考查名词。句意：“被迫接骚扰电话，回复骚扰短信。”turn to
36、“转向”；submit to“屈从于”；object to“反对”；reply to“回复”。34.考查动词。句意：“对于我们被连接成一个社会，不同代的人态度不一。”vary“变化，呈多样化”；arise“（问题）出现”；spread“散步，蔓延”；exist“存在”。35.考查介词。句意：“不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。”beyond“超出”；within“在范围内”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”。3.(2007年，山东卷）Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we 3
37、6 realize that those challenges are the very things that 37 us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with 38 .When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 39 . We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 40 the challenge isn t worth the 41 and
38、 call it quits. Although there are certainly 42 when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most 43 all that is needed is 44 and communication.When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how 45 or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to 46 it and work it throu
39、gh instead of running away from it. Communication is making a 47 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. 48 you can say to a friend, “ I got my feeling hurt,” 49 “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem muc
40、h faster.In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for 50 they are: small hurdles you need to jump or 51 on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is 52 to get over, and hurt only 53 to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it 54 to ev
41、eryone, and some day you will 55 all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”36.A.seem toB.come toC.hope toD.try to37.A.designB.promoteC.directD.shape38.A.confidenceB.pressureC.friendshipD.difficulty39.A.opportunitiesB.expectationsC.choicesD.aspects40.A
42、.demandingB.deservingC.predictingD.presenting41.A.commentB.lossC.troubleD.expense42.A.spansB.timesC.datesD.ages43.A.casesB.fieldsC.partsD.occasions44.A.assessmentB.commitmentC.encouragementD.adjustment45.A.doubtfulB.shamefulC.harmfulD.painful46.A.keepB.controlC.faceD.catch47.A.spaceB.planC.topicD.ro
43、om48.A.IfB.AsC.WhileD.Unless49.A.other thanB.rather thanC.or ratherD.or else50.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.which51.A.pass byB.come acrossC.get throughD.run over52.A.unnecessaryB.necessaryC.impossibleD.possible53.A.servesB.meansC.aimsD.attempts54.A.opensB.appealsC.goesD.happens55.A.look down onB.look back on
44、C.look forward toD.look up to【答案】BDCCD CBABD CAABA CCADC【解析】本文是议论文。生活中充满挑战，正是这些挑战塑造了我们。当我们面对挑战时，我们会做出两种选择：我们或勇敢地战胜它或选择逃避。但更多的时候，我们需要的是承诺与沟通。伴随着友谊出现的种种挑战，只是生活中的一个个小难关，战胜它的同时，会使我们更加成熟、强大。挑战帮助我们成长。36.考查动词短语。句意：生活充满了挑战。随着年龄的增长，我们逐渐意识到，正是这些挑战塑造了我们，造就了我们。A. seem to似乎，好像；B. come to开始；C. hope to希望；D. try to
45、试着，设法。as引导的时间状语从句点明了主句谓语即空格后的realize一词动作发生的时间背景和情况。因as在此意为“随着”，所以后面的“意识到”就应该是个“渐进的过程”，因而选come to。故选B。37.考查动词辨析。句意：生活充满了挑战。随着年龄的增长，我们逐渐意识到，正是这些挑战塑造了我们，造就了我们。A. design设计；B. promote提升；C. direct管理，指挥；D. shape形成，塑造。本句中的the very things意为：正是这种事；恰恰是这东西。其后是定语从句，跳过空格所给的信息很明确：即正是这种东西使我们成为我们（the very things tha
46、t make us who we are），因此，由and这一并列连词可以看出，前面要填的一个词应与其后的“使我们成为我们”（make us who we are）意义上一致或相关，因而用“形成，塑造”，故选D。38.考查名词辨析。句意：友谊带来的挑战也是如此。A. confidence信心；B. pressure压力；C. friendship友谊；D. difficulty困难。第三段中“if you can say to a friend”，以及第四段中的第一句话.many challenges that friendship will bring to you. 给出了暗示，本文在讨论
47、友谊带给我们的挑战。故选C。39.考查名词辨析。句意：当我们面对挑战的时候，通常有两种选择。A. opportunities机会；B. expectations期望；C. choices选择；D. aspects方面。后文中的“or”一词暗对“choices”，try to beat it off和call it quits是具体的两种选择。故选C。40.考查动词辨析。句意：我们可以试着打败它，或者我们可以决定，提出挑战的事情不值得麻烦，然后放弃。A. demanding要求；B. deserving值得；C. predicting预测；D. presenting呈现。根据这里句子的结构可知 “the challenge”作前面 “the thing”的定语。那么到底是“要求”、“预测”、“值得”还是“代表、呈现”挑战事情呢？B项可容易排除，因为后面有worth一词；我们也不能要求挑战，故排除A项；C项也不能切合文意；present在此可引申为“使发生（cause sth to happen）”即“表示或呈现或带来挑战”的事情，pres