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1、十年（20102020）高考英语真题分项详解11英语句法定语从句1.(2010福建)Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 2【答案】B【解析】先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。2.(2010湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the E
2、nglish speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which【答案】A【解析】该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。3.(2010江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what【答案】A【解析】先行词为centre
3、, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。4.(2010山东)Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What【答案】C【解析】句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。5.(2010山东)Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near
4、future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which【答案】C【解析】考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future.6.(2010天津)-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C.
5、where D. that【答案】C【解析】句意：你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barbers 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。7.(2010四川)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where【答案】B【解析】此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从
6、句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”8.(2010全国卷I)As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that【答案】A【解析】句意：还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它
7、在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。9.(2010江苏)The newly built café, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which【答案】D【解析】定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙10.(2010陕西)The old temple _ roof was dam
8、aged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose【答案】D【解析】所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。11.(2010全国卷II)I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what【答案】B【解析】不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。12.(
9、2010湖北)My mother was so proud of all _（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)【答案】that I had done【解析】先行词是 “all”的时候, 定语从句只能由 “that”引导, 又因为主句是一般过去时, “我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情, 所以要用过去完成时。13.(2010湖北)_(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)【答案】As we have stressed【解
10、析】当句子以整个主句作为先行词, 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导, 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语14.(2010北京)Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing【答案】B【解析】不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B.
11、whose谁的, 符合题意。15.(2010重庆)In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that【答案】C【解析】development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是：在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。16.(2010浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left the
12、ir village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those【答案】A【解析】由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。17.(2011全国卷I)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. wh
13、ose D. what【答案】C【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。18.(2011全国卷II)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定
14、语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。19.(2011北京)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。故选择which。20.(2011上海)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station
15、_ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。21.(2011山东)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老
16、的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。22.(2011江西)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【答案】C【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。23.(2011江苏)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audien
17、ce can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为
18、A.24.(2011安徽)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【答案】A【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；wh
19、ile是连词，不能用于定语从句。25.(2011浙江)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。26.(2011浙江)A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair
20、weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。27.(2011福建)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案
21、】A【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。28.(2011福建)It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before【答案】B【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，201
22、1。29.(2011四川)The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【答案】D【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”30.(2011天津)The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A.
23、when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。31.(2011陕西)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句
24、子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择32.(2011湖南)Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案】C【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。33.(2012浙江)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for s
25、ome reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom【答案】B【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。34.(2012浙江)We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB
26、. whenC. to whomD. on which【答案】B【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。35.(2012江苏)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。
27、故选B项。36.(2012重庆) Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as salesA. which B. that C. when D. where【答案】D【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。37.(2012四川)In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. i
28、n them C. of whom D. of them【答案】C 【解析】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。38.(2012陕西)It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. what【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。39.(2012
29、北京)When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B【解析】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。40.(2012全国卷II)That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】这里that eveni
30、ng是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。41.(2012天津)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _help I would never have got this far.A.who B. whoseC. whomD. which【答案】B【解析】考查介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。根据句意没有他的帮助，我不会走这么远。故填whose表所属关系。42.(2013上海)An ecosystem consists of the li
31、ving and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what【答案】A【解析】题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，_ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。43.(2013浙江)The museum will open in the
32、 spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地点状语。解题思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。句意为这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上
33、参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。44.(2013重庆)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.A.them B.that C.which D.whom【答案】D【解析】本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。45.(2013陕西) is often the case with children, Amy was bet
34、ter by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As【答案】B【解析】本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B； 如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。句意为等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。46.(2013四川)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _
35、 they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where【答案】 D【解析】the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。47.(2013山东)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. when B. where C. which D. whom【答案】C【解析】定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；wh
36、en和where引导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。句意为最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。48.(2013山东)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as B. that C. when D. where【答案】A【解析】本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。句意为没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。49.(2013辽宁)He may win the competition, _ he is l
37、ikely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that case C.in what case D.in whose case【答案】A【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。50.(2013江西)He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accide
38、nt.A. what B. which C. where D. how【答案】C【解析】解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。句意为他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。51.(2013江苏)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.which C.what D.when【答案
39、】B【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词为 passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词 which。句意：世界银行总裁说他记得早在童年时代就开始了对中国的热爱。故B正确。52.(2013湖南)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom B. whoC. what D. which【答案】B【解析】who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。53.(2013福
40、建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which【答案】A【解析】_ lives were affected.是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是_ lives，缺修饰语，所以选whose。54.(2013北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. wh
41、en B. which C. whose D. where【答案】D【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，先行词是park，在定语从句中作地点状语，“in the park”，故应该选用关系副词where。句意为许多国家都在建立国家公园，可以保护很多动植物。55.(2013安徽)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come trueA.it B.That C.what D.which【答案】D【解析】首先根据句
42、意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。句意为莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。56.(2013天津)We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in today's newspaper.A. that B. which C.who D.what 【答案】B【解析】本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人
43、造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。57.(2013全国卷II)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_I would be staying.A. what B. when C. where D. which【答案】C【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用关系副词where。58.(2013全国卷I) “You cant judge a book by its cover,
44、” _ . A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 【答案】C 【解析】go old意思是“变老”，和题意不符，故排除选项A。选项B和D显然使用了全倒装语序，但本句不满足条件，不可能作为本题的正确答案。所以最佳答案是选项C，其中的as引导的非限制性定语从句，意思是“如一样”。59.(2013浙江)The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them