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1、选修六 Unit 5 The power of nature能力提升一、阅读理解 AThe climate change has become an issue that no one can escape from. If the world wants to limit climate change, water shortage and pollution, then we all need to choose “flexitarian (弹性素食)” diets, say scientists.This means eating mainly plantbased food
2、s, which is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all in 2050, they say. Food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve, according to the study. Without action, the impacts of the food system could increase by up to 90%. Fast on the heels of the l
3、andmark report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) comes this new study on how food production and consumption impacts major threats to the planet.The authors say that the food system has a number of significant environmental impacts including being a major driver of climate chan
4、ge, providing freshwater and reducing pollution through over use of nitrogen and phosphorous.The study says that thanks to the population and income growth expected between 2010 and 2050, these impacts could grow between 5090%. This could push our world beyond its geographic boundaries. So when it c
5、omes to climate change, the authors looked at what they called a “flexitarian” diet.“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common, according to the latest scientific evidence, is that they are all relatively plantbased，” said lead author Dr. Marco Springmann from the Un
6、iversity of Oxford.“You can go from a diet that has small amounts of animal products; some might call it a Mediterranean based diet; we call it a flexitarian diet. We tried to stay with the most conservative one of these which in our view is the flexitarian one, but even this has only one serving of
7、 red meat per week，” he added.If the world moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions (排放) from agriculture would be reduced by more than half.1. What benefit will the new diet bring to the world?A. The animals will be saved.B. People will need more water.C. The climat
8、e change will stop.D. The pollution will be controlled.2. What can be called a “flexitarian” diet?A. Eat animal products every meal.B. Eat plantbased vegetables every meal.C. Eat mainly vegetables and never eat animal products.D. Eat plantbased meal mainly and animal products sometimes.3
9、. What will happen if the new diet is popular globally?A. The climate will become warmer.B. The food consumption will increase.C. People will have less greenhouse gas.D. People will produce more food waste.4. What is the attitude of the author to the new diet?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Opposed. D.
10、 Indifferent.【主题语境】人与自然【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了弹性素食及其对改善环境的益处。【答案解析】1. D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句If the world wants to limit climate change, water shortage and pollution, then we all need to choose “flexitarian” diets, say scientists.可知，通过选择弹性素食饮食，人们可以控制气候变化，缓解水资源短缺和污染的问题。2. D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段You can go from a diet th
11、at has small amounts of animal products but even this has only one serving of red meat per week.可知，弹性素食饮食主要是以蔬菜为基础的饮食，但每周至少要吃一次红肉。3. C细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果全球都采取这种饮食方式，农业所产生的温室气体排放量将减少一半以上。4. A推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了弹性素食饮食有助于改善环境，故作者对这种饮食方式是支持的。B(湖北宜昌市部分示范高中教学协作体2020届高三上期中联考)It might sound like 1.5 millio
12、n penguins are a hard thing to miss. However, that is indeed the case with this supercolony of Adélie penguins who have managed to conceal themselves for many years in the Danger Islands of Antarctica. The remote land difficult to access is always surrounded by thick ice. It was, therefor
13、e, believed to be uninhabitable (不适宜居住的) and that scientists paid little attention to it.However, in 2014, when Stony Brook University scientist Heather Lynch was examining pictures of the islands, she noticed what appeared to be penguin waste. To find out what was happening, Lynch planned an expedi
14、tion (探险) with a team that included researchers.After several months of preparation, the researchers reached the Danger Islands in December 2015. To their joy, they were greeted by hundreds of thousands of the nesting birds. Through several days of hard work, the researchers came to the conclusion t
15、hat the islands are home to over 1.5 million penguins. The discovery is particularly exciting given that on the West Antarctic Peninsula, Adélie penguins' numbers are dropping rapidly. With the new additions, scientists now estimate there are over four million known pairs of the birds in An
16、tarctica.In the study, published in Scientific Reports on March 2，2018, the scientists said one of the things that surprised them about the newlyfound penguins was their nesting habits. Unlike other Adélie penguins who nest in a circle to protect themselves, the Danger Islands birds seem
17、to have no such fear and prefer individual nesting spots. And thanks to the pinkish waste, the researchers know the penguins' diet is mainly made up of shrimp (虾)“This exciting discovery shows us just how much more there still is to learn about this amazing animal，” said Rod Downie, head of the
18、polar programs at the World Wildlife Foundation (WWF). “But it also reminds us to protect the waters off the coast of Antarctica to safeguard Adélie penguins from both overfishing and global warming.”5. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 mean?A. Hide.B. Protect.C. Control. D. Support.
19、6. How was Heather Lynch's expedition?A. Interesting. B. Unexpected.C. Fruitful. D. Disappointing.7. How do the newlyfound penguins differ from other Adélie penguins?A. In their diet.B. In their appearance.C. In their nesting habits.D. In their way of communication.8. What is the auth
20、or's purpose of writing the text?A. To report a discovery.B. To record an expedition.C. To introduce Adélie penguins.D. To call on people to protect penguins.【主题语境】人与自然【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们在南极洲丹杰群岛上新发现了150万只阿德利企鹅。【答案解析】5. A词义猜测题。 根据第一段第一、二句可知，数量如此庞大的企鹅很难不被人们注意到，但它们却已成功地在丹杰群岛生活了许多年而没有被人们发现。由此可
21、推知，conceal是“隐藏”的意思。6. C推理判断题。 根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，Heather Lynch组织的这次探险发现了庞大的企鹅群体，对它们的生活习性进行了研究，并取得了一定成果，故这次探险收获颇丰。7. C细节理解题。 由倒数第二段中的Unlike other Adélie penguins prefer individual nesting spots.可知，其他阿德利企鹅筑巢地点集中，而这些新发现的企鹅则喜欢单独筑巢。8. A主旨大意题。 本文主要介绍了科学家在南极洲丹杰群岛上发现新的阿德利企鹅以及他们的研究发现。二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或
22、括号内单词的正确形式。The chairman of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd _9_ (step) down on Teachers' Day from the leading ecommerce company _10_ he had founded 40 years before.“I still have lots of dreams to go after，” Ma wrote in _11_ open letter last year to announce his parting. “The world is big, and I a
23、m still young, so I wish _12_ (try) new things.” The 55yearold businessman showed that he was ready for new things by _13_ (arrive) at his farewell (告别) party dressed up like a rock star.Visiting the United States in 1995, Ma saw the Internet and had the idea of setting up his own tradin
24、g website. In 1999, he founded Alibaba with a group of _14_(friend) in a shared apartment. With all the challenges, the company _15_ (slow) brought ecommerce to China.Now the experienced businessman is looking to focus _16_ education. “I'm not going to teach English; nor am I going to teac
25、h business. But I'm going to teach young people how to face challenges，” he told Bloomberg News.No skilled sailors _17_ (make) on calm waters. As Ma said, “Today is cruel. Tomorrow is even crueller. But the day after tomorrow is _18_(beauty)”【主题语境】人与自我【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司董事长马云在教师节当天宣布辞去主
26、席一职并寄语年轻人要勇于面对挑战。【答案解析】9. stepped考查动词时态。根据上下文语境可知此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。10. that/which考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词company指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导。11. an考查冠词。letter表“信；信件”时为可数名词，其前的open首字母发元音音素，故填不定冠词an，表示“一封公开信”。12. to try考查非谓语动词。wish to do sth. 意为“希望做某事”，为固定用法。13. arriving考查非谓语动词。作介词by的宾语用动词ing
27、形式。14. friends考查名词复数。friend为可数名词，被a group of 修饰，故用名词复数。15. slowly考查副词。修饰动词用副词。16. on考查介词。focus on 意为“关注”，为固定短语。17. are made考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：平静的水域造就不了熟练的水手。此处讲的是一般事实，应用一般现在时；make与复数主语sailors之间是被动关系，故填are made。18. beautiful考查形容词。句意：今天很残酷，明天更残酷，但是未来是美好的。用形容词作表语，表示“美好的”。三、短文改错(2020届广东六校高三第二次联考试题) Your s
28、ister and I were the dearest friend and recalling the past, I dare say she was like a sister to me. I will miss her very much.I could always count at her whenever I needed help. She was always willing to helping me. I came to trust her judgment and wise as well and her advice were always so well tho
29、ught out and helpful.She was a greatly friend and I know our lives will never be same without her. I could never find a good and more caring friend. She has been left us with so many wonderful memories. I will cherish it forever.【答案解析】第一处：把dearest后的friend改为friends。考查名词复数。friend为可数名词，主语Your sister an
30、d I是复数含义，故把friend改为friends。第二处：把at改为on/upon。考查介词。count on/upon是固定词组，意为“依赖；指望”。第三处：把helping改为help。考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth意为“愿意做某事”，是固定用法。第四处：把wise改为wisdom。考查词形转换。and连接前后两个成分，形式上要保持一致，此处与judgment一起作动词trust的宾语，故将wise改为wisdom。第五处：把advice后的were改为was。考查主谓一致。主语advice是不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。第六处：把greatly改为great。考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。第七处： 在same前加the。考查冠词。the same为固定表达，意为“同样的”。第八处：把good改为better。考查形容词比较级。此处与more caring一起修饰friend，故把good改为better。第九处：删除been。考查动词语态。句意：她给我们留下了许多美好的回忆。leave sb. with sth.“留给某人某物”，表达的是主动意义，故将been删除。第十处：把it改为them。考查代词。此处指代前文的memories，人称代词数前后要保持一致。