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1、2020届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲练】专题 3 阅读理解I：主旨大意【构建知识体系】主旨大意题考点1精确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意近三年（20172019年）阅读理解命题考点情况：试卷类型年份篇序体裁词数话题考点分布卷I2016A记叙文267主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。细节理解题10推理判断题3词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B议论文287介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。C记叙文262作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。D说明文327沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。2017A 应用文231购物中心Pacific Scienc
2、e Center细节理解题6 推理判断题 5观点态度题 1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1写作意图题1B记叙文296救助一只小猫头鹰的故事C说明文352爵士乐问题D说明文315自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法2018A应用文270Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线细节理解题8推理判断题2词义猜测题1观点态度题1主旨大意题2写作意图题1B说明文270绍了一档英国系列电视节目C说明文304随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因D说明文363新旧电子设备的差别2019A应用文256省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题1段落大意题1标题归纳题1B记叙文
3、300Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程C说明文243新的科技智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。D议论文351对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。卷II2016A应用文 281 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息细节理解题8推理判断题4代词指代题1 词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B记叙文 280通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。C说明文249BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程D记叙文 278Frank的图片记录了一次海难2017A 应用文 306 莎士比亚剧本翻译及上演细节理解题5推理判
4、断题5代词指代题1写作意图题1主旨大意题2词义猜测题1B记叙文 289 作者与Paul的友谊C说明文 307 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车D说明文 293植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护2018A应用文 284 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动 细节理解题6 推理判断题5 文章出处题1 词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B说明文 268 水果营养丰富且对人体有益C说明文 300青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少D议论文 330 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话2019A应用文242作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍细节理解题8 推理判断题4词义猜测题1标题归纳题1主旨大意题1B记叙文312作者成功说服
5、了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。C说明文334介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。D说明文272戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。卷III2016A应用文195介绍五个与音乐有关的活动 细节理解题7 推理判断题4 写作意图题1 词义猜测题1代词指代题1主旨大意题1B记叙文 325一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。C说明文278介绍了一个节日Apple Day。D说明文 346好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。2017A 应用文 252 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线 细节理
6、解题5 推理判断题7 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2B记叙文 282 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售C说明文 295 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事D说明文 334科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式2018A应用文 197去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息细节理解题10推理判断题2 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2B说明文 316Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状C新闻报道 372 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利策奖D说明文 307 引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单
7、玩具中获得快乐的做法2019A应用文191一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映细节理解题10推理判断题3 词义猜测题1 标题归纳题2B说明文286中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。C说明文29219世纪报纸的改革发展之路。D说明文319研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。主旨大意题包括精确归纳标
8、题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向1. D【2019·全国I】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of t
9、he playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein,
10、a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres
11、 the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school,
12、 are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become
13、more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you o
14、n a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those
15、outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of inte
16、rpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness2. D【2019·全国II】Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.
17、 The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NAS
18、A HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in z
19、ero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you work
20、ing towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, andits not a very nice thing at time. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)
21、on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.35. What is
22、the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.3. B【2019·全国III】For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It'
23、;s no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibi
24、ted 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is hu
25、ge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. &qu
26、ot;Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," add
27、s Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If
28、you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Difference
29、s Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends4. C【2019·全国II】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel
30、s “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statis
31、tics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to ke
32、ep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barke
33、eper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason m
34、ore people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Deme
35、rit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2020年全国高考试题还会卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与
36、体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 精确归纳标题【例1】2020·四川省遂宁市第三次联考 An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite
37、, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical
38、issue: junk in space.Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.Various companies have plans to send thousands
39、of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and Frances ArianeGroup.Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of S
40、urrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.The RemoveDEBRIS satellite
41、will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this weeks experiment was exc
42、iting, but he cautioned against “over- publicizing” it.There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said
43、“The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.” Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.340Whats the best title for the text?A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is P
44、erfectB. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedD. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？1、利用主题段来概括标题主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语文章的标题。2、利用主题句来概括标题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
45、通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)； (2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。【变式精练】2020·山西省高考模拟 One special grandmother is lending 100 years of wisdom to strangers on New York Citys upper West side. Her office attracts many New Yorkers, who wait for a chat
46、with the woman.Inside the office, you will find a laptop with 100-year-old grandmother Eileen Wilkinson waiting to chat. She may live across the country in Washington State, but thanks to her grandson, Mike Matthews, who is a social professor at New York University, she is now sharing words of wisdo
47、m for a chat.“You can be anything you want, ” Eileen said. “Dont complain about anything. You can do something about it.”Over the past three months, hundreds of people have stopped by, chatting with Eileen as if they were old friends. “She completely gets a kick out of meeting New Yorkers because they are so open about their lives, ” said Matthews.A music student asked for advice on a performance. Others were curious about life in 1917.One boy said h