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1、【名词性从句】【考纲解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析that与what, if与whether等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法，及其与强调句的区别。3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。【命题预测】预计2019年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【名师指导】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。1that引导主语从句时，
2、没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。It is true that the college will take in more new students.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。2whether连接主语从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。(重庆高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代
3、化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。3连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。4主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。 (1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：It系动词形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从句 Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said/
4、told/reported/decided等)that从句It特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)that从句It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/orderedthat从句结构中，从句用“(should)动词
5、原形”。典例 (2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him _ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.单句语法填空1(2016·北京高考语法填空)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.2(2017·山东师大附中一模)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surpris
6、e_losing weight is just his dream.3(陕西高考)It remains to be seen_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.1that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。(全国卷)Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference
7、.我写信是想告诉你我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。2在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whetheror not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whetherto do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。I dont know w
8、hether to leave or not.我不知道是否要离开。3连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。4有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟从句，需要借助it。You may depend on it that she will go with
9、 you.你可以相信她会与你一起去。5当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。I dont believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议。6it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。7不论主句为何种句型，
10、宾语从句都用陈述语序。典例 (2016·全国卷甲短文改错)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.howwhat解析： 句意：我和我的同学正在谈论假期做什么。根据句意可知，about后的宾语从句表达的意思为“做什么”，而不是“怎么做”，故用what。单句语法填空1(2017·贵州贵阳联考)To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on bu
11、t I felt curious, wondering _was happening.2(2017·石家庄一模)Finally, keep in mind_there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.3(2017·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on _you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.1th
12、at连接表语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。(全国卷)The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things.最后的结果是我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。2whether连接表语从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。His question is whether they can be friends.他
13、的问题是他们能否成为朋友。3连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。4表语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if好像；仿佛(2)This is because这是因为(强调原因)(3)The reason whyis that的原因是(4)That is why那就是的原因(强调结果)(5)The question/prob
14、lem is whether/when/where问题是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是(7)what从句bethat从句What surprised us most was that he came late again.最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。 典例 (2016·北京高考单项填空)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely free from dust.单句语法填空1(2015·陕西高考短文改错)
15、My only mistake was _ I dropped some on the floor when I was packing them up.2(四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats _I was born.”3(2017·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比
16、较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。1that连接同位语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。The news that I passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。2连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information f
17、rom.来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 典例 (2016·天津高考单项填空)The manager put forward a suggestion_ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.单句语法填空1There is solid evidence _ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.2(2017·河北石家庄质检)Finally I want to express my h
18、ope _ all the younger fellows can make full use of time.【总结】口诀实 例附注名词从句有四种，主、宾、表、同在其中；主、从连接很重要，先定主“谓”是首要；What I am longing for is what you have owned.My doubt is what will happen to the earth if it goes on like that.I have no doubt that I can make progress as long as I work hard.You cant imagine how
19、 I felt travelling in Tibet.两动连出常老一，主从出现是老二。主、宾、表全选副词，主、宾、表缺选代词；What it was to become was uncertain until many years later.It remains a mystery where the MH370 has gone.that从句表事实，介词后面加it;that只连无意份，连接需要常不省；what既连又意份，泛指事物是本分；That he has so good a car lies in it that he has so much money.That we can su
20、cceed in our program is obvious now.We have no idea what has happened to the MH370.What we are to become should be discussed among us.Our home town is not what it used to be 10 years ago any longer.which范围有限定，what 范围常不定；I dont know which job I should take, a teacher or a banker.I dont know what job
21、I should take when I grow up.whether选择表“是否”，主、宾、表、同都可有；if主、宾限定有，表、同从句不可有；Whether farmers can get good harvests largely depends on weather.= It largely depends on weather whether / if farmers can get good harvests. / whether for farmers to get good harvests.His concerns is whether he can turn to you
22、for help in trouble.There is some doubt whether it is fine or not tomorrow.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.I dont know whether I should pay a visit to him.= I dont know whether to pay a visit to him.If表“是否”不能放开头；
23、介词后面不能有；if.or not /if to do 没结构；because从句表原因，why从句表结果；He is absent from school today. Thats because he is ill.He is ill. Thats why he is absent from school today.-ever形式更广泛，不能改为no matter-；Whoever will attend Toms party can get a gift.Who will come to our help is still uncertain.You must come wheneve
24、r you want and have whatever you like.从句时态主句定，从句语序陈述形。I didnt know that he could come over in time.I dont know how hard life was to him.来源:Z&xx&k.Com【走向高考】I.单句语法填空1. (2015·全国卷) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the
25、 cycle work on most days.2. (2016·天津卷) The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.3. (2015·天津卷改编) But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of _ it would be like to live there.4. (2015·江苏卷改编) _ Li B
26、ai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.5. (2014·广东卷) I didn't understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.6. (2016·福建卷改编) I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By wor
27、king out every day.7. (2017·福建泉州检测改编) The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat _ food they could find there.来源:学科网ZXXK8. (2017·河南中原名校联考) Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _ we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for it.9. (20
28、17·山东临沂重点中学联考) Twentyfive years later the traveler returned to the same place. _ he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.10. (2017·浙江金丽衢十二校联考改编) The two presidents talked by telephone on Friday, but the details of _ they said were not available.11. (2017·浙江嘉兴模拟改编) R
29、ecently, a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine _ pleasant smells might reduce pain.12. (2017·广东广州调研) The butterfly arrived completely confident of victory until she saw _ the judges were: cockroaches, worms, beetles.13. (2017·贵州贵阳联考) To our astonishment，we saw
30、a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering _ was happening.14. (2017·山师大附中一模改编) His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise _ losing weight is just his dream.15. (2016·福建福州三中期中改编) They would appreciate it, to b
31、e frank, _ the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.16. (2018·北京101中学一模) The word “media” basically refers to we commonly call newspapers，magazines，radios and televisions.17. (2018·江苏四市一模) A problem has occurred we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by g
32、iving students opportunities to generate new ideas.18. (2018·北京石景山区一模) It is reported the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees.19. (2018·天津滨海区七校联考) There are various things on sale，so you can choose interests you.20. (2018·全国新课标卷) Im not sure is more frightened,
33、 me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.21. (2018北京卷) This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.22. (2018·青海西宁一模) However，many scientists wonder intelligent life exists on other planets.23. (2018·宁夏银川唐徕回民中学一模) The historic
34、al reason for beginning the New Year in such a time is it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plowing and planting.24. (2018·北京西城区模拟) The famous player tried again and again after each failure. Thats he succeeded at last.强化练习（一）The adobe dwellings (土坯房）_1_ (build) by the Pueblo Indian
35、s of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_ (able) to “air condition”a house without _4_ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the
36、sun on hot days and give out that heat _5_ (slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6 _ (cool) the house during the hot day: _7_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _8 _ (go) day afte
37、r day: The walls warm up. During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As _9_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _10_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（二）One morning, I was
38、 waiting at the bus stop, worried about _1_ (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _2_ some of them looked very anxious and _3_(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _4_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A b
39、oy on a bike _5_ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _6_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _7_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, w
40、hen we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“_8_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _9_ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully
41、, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _10_(sudden) became friendly to one another.（三）In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _1_ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are
42、usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might _2_ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_ (create
43、) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _4_ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, _5_ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be
44、 eaten easily with twigs which _6_ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _7_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _8_ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _9_ (be) too violent for u
45、se at the table. 重点单词1.burstvi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发归纳拓展burst out突然迸发；爆发 burst out doing sth.burst inton. 突然起来burst into tears/laughterbursst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来burst out cheeringburst into cheers 突然欢呼起来 burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入2.ruinnU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产3.shock vt.&
46、amp; vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊归纳拓展(1)be a shock to.使吃惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！Rescue workers were shocked(shock) by what they saw.救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。4.rescue n& vt.援救；营救The police came to his rescue and sent him home.警察救了他，并把他送回了家。Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。6. bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏归纳拓展(1)bury.in.把埋到里；使沉浸于 bury one's face in hands 双手掩面(2)be buried in