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1、【名词性从句】【考纲解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析that与what, if与whether等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法，及其与强调句的区别。3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。【命题预测】预计2019年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【名师指导】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。1that引导主语从句时，
2、没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。It is true that the college will take in more new students.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。2whether连接主语从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。(重庆高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代
3、化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。3连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。4主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。 (1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：It系动词形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)that从句 Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said/
4、told/reported/decided等)that从句It特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)that从句It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/orderedthat从句结构中，从句用“(should)动词
5、原形”。典例 (2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him _ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.that解析： 固定句型“it occurred to sb.that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。单句语法填空1(2016·北京高考语法填空)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.Whatever解析： 句意：
6、您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。_you can do作句子的主语，是主语从句。主语从句中缺少动词do的宾语，而且指代做的事情，结合句意可知填Whatever。2(2017·山东师大附中一模)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise_losing weight is just his dream.that解析： 句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用t
7、hat引导。3(陕西高考)It remains to be seen_the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.whether解析： 句意：新组建的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。It是形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，用whether符合句意。来源:Z.xx.k.Com1that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that)，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。(全国卷)Im writing to tell you that my
8、 uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。2在whether/if连接的宾语从句中，whether/if意为“是否”，但在whetheror not结构中，或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时，以及whetherto do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave，put，discuss，doubt，know等)的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if来替换。Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether sh
9、ell accept it.我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。I dont know whether to leave or not.我不知道是否要离开。3连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.老师总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。4有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等，一般不直接
10、跟从句，需要借助it。You may depend on it that she will go with you.你可以相信她会与你一起去。5当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。I dont believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议。6it作形式宾语，真正的宾语后置，常用此种结构的及物动词有find，make，think，feel，consider等。I find it important that we shou
11、ld keep calm in danger.我发现我们在危险中保持镇静是很重要的。7不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句都用陈述语序。典例 (2016·全国卷甲短文改错)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.howwhat解析： 句意：我和我的同学正在谈论假期做什么。根据句意可知，about后的宾语从句表达的意思为“做什么”，而不是“怎么做”，故用what。单句语法填空1(2017·贵州贵阳联考)To our astonishment, we saw a light and some
12、people in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering _was happening.what解析： 句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们看到在小屋内有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了，不敢继续往前，但是我觉得很好奇，想知道发生了什么事。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示事物，故用what引导。2(2017·石家庄一模)Finally, keep in mind_there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, and nev
13、er be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.that解析： 考查宾语从句。动词短语keep in mind后是一个宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，因此用that引导。3(2017·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on _you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.whether解析： 句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether。1that连接表语从句时从句
14、为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只是起连接作用。(全国卷)The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things.最后的结果是我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。2whether连接表语从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。His question is whether they can be friends.他的问题是他们能否成为朋
15、友。3连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。4表语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if好像；仿佛(2)This is because这是因为(强调原因)(3)The reason whyis that的原因是(4)That is why那就是的原因(强调结果)(5)The question/problem is whet
16、her/when/where问题是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是(7)what从句bethat从句What surprised us most was that he came late again.最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。 来源:学科网ZXXK典例 (2016·北京高考单项填空)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely free from dust.that解析： 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人们可以完全
17、远离尘埃的烦扰。这是一个复合句，主句的主语是The most pleasant thing of the rainy season，is是系动词，_ one can be entirely free from dust作表语，是表语从句。从句成分及意思完整，只是缺少连接词，故填that。单句语法填空1(2015·陕西高考短文改错)My only mistake was _ I dropped some on the floor when I was packing them up.that解析： 引导表语从句，that在从句中不作成分，只起到连接作用。2(四川高考)Grandma p
18、ointed to the hospital and said，“Thats _I was born.”where解析： 句意：“那就是我出生的地方。”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。3(2017·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.that解析： 句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通
19、常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。1that连接同位语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。The news that I passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。2连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。I
20、 have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 典例 (2016·天津高考单项填空)The manager put forward a suggestion_ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.that解析： 根据句意可知“经理提出了一个建议”，建议的内容是“我们应该有个助手”，设空后的从句解释说明suggestion的内容，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应
21、用that。单句语法填空1There is solid evidence _ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.that解析： 考查同位语从句。句意：有确凿证据考查同位语从句。证明观看3D电影会对观看者有一些副作用。抽象名词为evidence证据，that引导同位语从句，只起引导的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无具体意义。2(2017·河北石家庄质检)Finally I want to express my hope _ all the younger fellows can make full u
22、se of time.that解析： hope后从句是同位语从句，设空处在从句中没有任何意义，故填that。【总结】口诀实 例附注名词从句有四种，主、宾、表、同在其中；主、从连接很重要，先定主“谓”是首要；What I am longing for is what you have owned.My doubt is what will happen to the earth if it goes on like that.I have no doubt that I can make progress as long as I work hard.You cant imagine how I
23、 felt travelling in Tibet.两动连出常老一，主从出现是老二。主、宾、表全选副词，主、宾、表缺选代词；What it was to become was uncertain until many years later.It remains a mystery where the MH370 has gone.that从句表事实，介词后面加it;that只连无意份，连接需要常不省；what既连又意份，泛指事物是本分；That he has so good a car lies in it that he has so much money.That we can succ
24、eed in our program is obvious now.We have no idea what has happened to the MH370.What we are to become should be discussed among us.Our home town is not what it used to be 10 years ago any longer.which范围有限定，what 范围常不定；I dont know which job I should take, a teacher or a banker.I dont know what job I
25、should take when I grow up.whether选择表“是否”，主、宾、表、同都可有；来源:Zxxk.Comif主、宾限定有，表、同从句不可有；Whether farmers can get good harvests largely depends on weather.= It largely depends on weather whether / if farmers can get good harvests. / whether for farmers to get good harvests.His concerns is whether he can tur
26、n to you for help in trouble.There is some doubt whether it is fine or not tomorrow.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.I dont know whether I should pay a visit to him.= I dont know whether to pay a visit to him.If表“
27、是否”不能放开头；介词后面不能有；if.or not /if to do 没结构；because从句表原因，why从句表结果；He is absent from school today. Thats because he is ill.He is ill. Thats why he is absent from school today.-ever形式更广泛，不能改为no matter-；Whoever will attend Toms party can get a gift.Who will come to our help is still uncertain.You must com
28、e whenever you want and have whatever you like.从句时态主句定，从句语序陈述形。I didnt know that he could come over in time.I dont know how hard life was to him.【走向高考】I.单句语法填空1. (2015·全国卷) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work
29、on most days.2. (2016·天津卷) The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.3. (2015·天津卷改编) But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of _ it would be like to live there.4. (2015·江苏卷改编) _ Li Bai, a great
30、Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.5. (2014·广东卷) I didn't understand _ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.6. (2016·福建卷改编) I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out eve
31、ry day.7. (2017·福建泉州检测改编) The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat _ food they could find there.8. (2017·河南中原名校联考) Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _ we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for it.9. (2017·山东临沂重点中学联考) Tw
32、entyfive years later the traveler returned to the same place. _ he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.10. (2017·浙江金丽衢十二校联考改编) The two presidents talked by telephone on Friday, but the details of _ they said were not available.11. (2017·浙江嘉兴模拟改编) Recently, a new researc
33、h has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine _ pleasant smells might reduce pain.12. (2017·广东广州调研) The butterfly arrived completely confident of victory until she saw _ the judges were: cockroaches, worms, beetles.13. (2017·贵州贵阳联考) To our astonishment，we saw a light and some peopl
34、e in a cabin. Jim was too frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering _ was happening.14. (2017·山师大附中一模改编) His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise _ losing weight is just his dream.15. (2016·福建福州三中期中改编) They would appreciate it, to be frank, _ the goods c
35、ould be delivered as soon as possible.16. (2018·北京101中学一模) The word “media” basically refers to we commonly call newspapers，magazines，radios and televisions.17. (2018·江苏四市一模) A problem has occurred we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportu
36、nities to generate new ideas.18. (2018·北京石景山区一模) It is reported the housing prices in some big cities fall in different degrees.19. (2018·天津滨海区七校联考) There are various things on sale，so you can choose interests you.20. (2018·全国新课标卷) Im not sure is more frightened, me or the female gori
37、lla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.21. (2018北京卷) This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.22. (2018·青海西宁一模) However，many scientists wonder intelligent life exists on other planets.23. (2018·宁夏银川唐徕回民中学一模) The historical reason for beginnin
38、g the New Year in such a time is it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plowing and planting.24. (2018·北京西城区模拟) The famous player tried again and again after each failure. Thats he succeeded at last.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1. (2016·全国卷) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that
39、I live. _2. (2017·江西六校联考) But the salesgirl didn't understand that the foreigner was saying._ _3. (2015·全国卷) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. _4. (2017·菏泽模拟) Today the world is playing much more attention to that Ch
40、ina says and does. _5. (2017·唐山模拟) It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time. _6. (2017·青海西宁第一次联考) Usually I head straight to what the nonfiction books are. _7. (2017·河北石家庄质检) Finally I want to express my hope which all the younger fellows can ma
41、ke full use of time. _8(2018·天津河东区一模) Janes success lies in the fact what she is so cooperative and eager to learn from others. _9. (2018·北京石景山区一模) Selfconfidence is a kind of quality and that is which it takes to do everything well. _10. (2018·山西平遥中学一模) I think that accep
42、ting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually. _11. (2018·北京石景山区一模) I keep the picture where I can see it every day，what reminds me of the days in my hometown. _12. (2018·辽宁鞍山一中模拟) You want to know that everything is going in our school. _【参考答案】1. 解析：根据句式.thick the
43、adobe walls needed to be(换个角度 the adobe walls needed to be _ thick)可以看出，这里需要与动词短语figured out所相呼应的程度副词，修饰形容词thick，所以程度副词为how，表示多么的意思。答案：how2. 解析：根据句意可知“经理提出了一个建议”，建议的内容是“我们应该有个助手”，设空后的从句解释说明suggestion的内容，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，也不表示任何含义，应用that。答案：that3. 解析：句意：但是我们每天都会坐在湖边，看着这座房子，梦想着居住在里面会是什么样子。此处为宾语从句，设空处在从句中
44、作like的宾语，故答案为what。答案：what4. 解析：where引导主语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。放于句首注意大写。答案：Where5. 解析：句意：我不知道为什么会发生这样的事，从句中缺少原因，故用why。答案：why6. 答案：how7. 答案：whatever8. 答案：that9. 答案：What10. 答案：what11. 答案：that12. 答案：who13. 答案：what14. 解析：句意为：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。答案：
45、that15. 解析：句意为：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if.表示“如果将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的是宾语从句。16. 解析：句意为：“媒体”这个词基本上指的是我们通常称作报纸、 杂志、 收音机和电视的东西。what在名词性从句中的意思是“的人/物”，可以作主语、宾语或表语。refer to中的to是介词，后接宾语从句，what在从句中作call的双宾语中的一个，故填what。答案：what17. 解析：句意为：一个关于我们是否应该在课堂上给学生机会产生新想法以培养学生的创新思维能力的问题已经出现了。根据句意，此处应
46、表示“是否”，故填whether引导同位语从句。答案：whether18. 解析：句意为：据报道，一些大城市的房价有不同程度的下降。分析句子可知，本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，而从句句子结构完整，故填that。答案：that19. 解析：句意为：各种物品正在销售，所以你可以选择任何你感兴趣的东西。此处是choose后面的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，故填whatever或what。答案：whatever/what20. 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。答案：who来源:学科网ZXXK21. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。答案：what22. 解析：句意为：但是，许多科学家想知道在其他星球上是否存在着智能生命。所填词引导宾语从句，再根据句意知填whether/if。答案：whether/if23. 解析：句意为：在这样的时间开始新年的历史原因是它介于秋收和春耕播种之间。所填词引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，故填that。答案：that2