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1、热点01 书面表达读后续写【命题趋势】新高考英语科目考试题型有重大变化，其中英语写作分为两部分：第一节为应用文写作；第二节为读后续写或概要写作。2015 年 8 月，在教育部考试中心发布的普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份试用）（第一版）中，提出了写作新题型：读后续写或概要写作。【读后续写题型介绍】1.任务要求：提供一段 350 词以内的语言材料，要求学生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写，将其发展成一篇与所给材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文（150 词左右）。2.考查目标：读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的综合性语言测试。教育部考试中心刘
2、庆思、陈康老师于 2016 年指出，读后续写主要关注学生以下四个方面的能力：把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解所给短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。语言运用的准确性和丰富性。学生能准确、恰当地使用所学词汇和语言结构，还能够根据内容需要使用较多、较复杂的词汇和语言结构。对语篇结构的把控能力。学生需要掌握上下文逻辑关系，所续写的短文与所给短文及段落开头语之间要有连贯性，所续写的短文内语句要连贯、有序。创造性思维能力。学生所续写的短文要具有较丰富的内容，包含详细和生动的情景、态度和感情描述。【题型分析】1.在题型设计方面：本题是一个围绕某一具体的主
3、题语境，基于书面语篇记叙文连续性文本的文体形式，在根据语境线索理解语篇内容、分析语篇结构，并续写语篇内容的过程中，运用语言技能获取、梳理、整合语言知识，同时运用所学语言知识创造性地表达意义，并通过运用各种学习策略，提高理解和表达效果的题型。2.在阅卷要求方面，需考虑所续写的内容：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。3.在评分标准方面，需把握的具体原则为：（1）本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分；（2）评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来
4、衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分；（3）词数少于 130 的，从总分中减去 2 分；（4）拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑；（5）如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。不难看出，该题型在考查学生运用所学语言知识（如语法知识、篇章知识）进行书面语言表达的同时，也在考查学生对书面表达策略的胜任力。可以说，该题型尤其对英语学科核心素养中的“语言能力”和“思维品质”的发展可以起到很好的促进作用。【满分技巧】读后续写以读为辅，以写为主，其目标是考查学生的综合语言运用能力，主要包含以下四个方面： 1. 把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力； 2. 语言运用
5、的准确性和丰富性； 3. 对语篇结构的把握能力； 4. 创造性思维能力。【热点话题】假期生活；生活小故事；哲理故事；寓言故事；学生生活。【限时检测】A（2020年 新高考全国卷 山东英语试卷）读后续写（满分25分）话题：帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的故事难度：建议用时：25分钟47.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their
6、jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had
7、time, she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her ver
8、y much.“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him t
9、o earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).”The oth
10、er children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell
11、it.”注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右:2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too._ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business._【答案】When Mrs. Meredith heard of Johns idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local sup
12、ermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernards home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the
13、Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.With everything ready Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach him ho
14、w to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Merediths family, and he also did what he could to help those in need.【解析】【分析】本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个
15、完整的故事。【详解】1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的Meredith一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。那家的男主人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩Bernard也做不了什么事情，生活十分困难。后来，Meredith的孩子想出了一个主意制作爆米花，让Bernard去卖爆米花。2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的。3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。4.根据第一段首句When Mrs. Meredith heard of John
16、s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.(当Meredith太太听到John的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；根据第二段首句With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.(一切准备就绪后，Bernard开始了他的新生意)可以针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。【点睛】续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式
17、多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充信息，使篇章结构连贯。B（2020广东省调研测试）读后续写（满分25分）话题：急救知识难度：建议用时：25分钟阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Ada! Milk!” Mama called.Milk. It was Adas turn to get it. Ada sighed and shut her first-aid book. Her head hurt from reading in the dim
18、 morning light, but how else was she going to learn?Ada tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Ada heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks Im too young, but shes wrong.
19、I am already 16!” Ada thought.Ada carried the milk back to Mama, then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, had gotten a donkey, and some kids had gathered around to see it. Roy was always doing something to get attention. Like now: he was trying to stand on the animals bare back.“No wonder they
20、 dont trust kids with anything important”, Ada thought, sighing. She had just turned away when she heard a thud and a few screams. Roy lay on the ground nearby moaning in pain. The donkey stood several meters away. “Roy!” The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Ada shook her head. “B
21、ettys gone to the city.” The other kids seemed frozen in place.Ada ran to where Roy was lying. She dropped to her knees on the dusty road. “Roy! Can you hear me?” Roy moaned in agony. Ada saw that one of his legs was crooked, bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle. A broken leg!She re
22、membered what the first-aid book had said about broken legs: if there is no ambulance, straighten the bone before moving the victim. There certainly wouldnt be any ambulance here. Ada looked back up the road. The other kids were still standing there, watching. “Victor!” Ada called to one of the boys
23、. “Go get Roys mama, and find someone with a truck.” She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.”注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight. _The next day, Betty came to Adas home._【答
24、案】Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight. She gently explained what she was going to do then carefully wrapped the shirts around Roys leg and the stick. Roy cried out in pain. “I know it hurts,” Ada said softly. “But this will hold it still until you get to the h
25、ospital.” When Ada was done, she looked up and saw Roys mama watching from a few meters away. Behind her was a neighbor in a pickup truck. When Ada stepped away, Roys mama ran over and held Roys face in her hands. “Thank you, Ada,” she said. Ada helped them lift Roy into the truck, then they drove d
26、own the hillside towards the hospital.The next day, Betty came to Adas home. “I heard what you did,” Betty said. “You kept your head in an emergency. Thats an important skill.” Adas face turned red. “I was afraid .” Betty shook her head. “Its OK for a nurse to be afraid, as long as she has a clear h
27、ead. The volunteer doctors are coming tomorrow with vaccines. We need some more hands. Can you help?” “Id love to.” Ada replied at once. “Come early, then. There is a lot to learn.” Ada smiled. “Ill bring my first-aid book.”【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了 Amy 运用自己在急救书上学的知识头脑冷静地救助了一个从马背上摔下来的小男
28、孩的故事，从这个故事中“我们”可以学到：书本上的知识是可以被运用到现实生活中去的。【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后，Ada找到了一根坚固的棍棒，她将用它来保持他的腿伸直，所以应该写Ada对Roy进行急救的过程，Roy的妈妈对Ada表示感谢，最后上车前往医院等。第二段开头是：第二天，Betty来到Ada的家。本段应该写Betty对Ada的认可，在志愿者医生来注射疫苗时希望得到Ada的帮助，Ada答应提供帮助等。文章最后指出一个道理书本上的知识可以被运用到现实生活中。【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“which，until，when”，也运用了一些
29、高级词汇和表达，如“gently；towards；emergency；afraid；reply；step”以及状语从句“But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.” “When Ada stepped away, Roys mama ran over and held Roys face in her hands.”等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。C（山东省潍坊市2012届高三十月联考）读后续写（满分25分）话题：如何发展一段友谊难度：建议用时：25分钟阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段
30、，使之构成一篇完整 的短文。Fortune Cookie FriendsJenny frowned(皱眉)as she helped her mother and father set out the cooking supplies in the shiny steel kitchen. Her family had just moved here from San Francisco, having bought a small restaurant, which was set to open in the next few days.“Moving here was a dumb id
31、ea," Jenny complained mostly to herself."What's that?” Her mother asked, opening a box and lifting out several pots."Nothing," Jenny mumbled （咕哝）.The girl had been angry about the move, but her parents had made the decision and were now too busy getting ready for the grand op
32、ening to listen to her complaints.The first few days at her new school hadn't been easy, either. She found it hard to talk to people she didn't know, and it seemed like the students hadn't even noticed her. Jenny sighed and got back to washing dishes.On the day of the grand opening, Jenn
33、y's parents were all smiles, welcoming customers into the restaurant, brightly decorated in gold and red. Even Jenny was in a good mood as she rushed around, seating guests, handing out menus, and pouring tall glasses of water. This was a big day for her family.At one of the tables sat a family
34、with two daughters who were about Jenny's age. As she filled their glasses, Jenny realized the twins were in her class. Jenny ducked her head down so her long hair covered her face, and she turned away from the table.Jenny's mother found her soon after, in the kitchen loading the dishwasher.
35、"Honey, what are you doing back here? We need you out front with the customers.""Mom, I don't want to be out there. There are kids from school!""So?" her mother asked. "That's good! Go to take them some fortune cookies and say hello!" She said to Jenny
36、, pointing at the fortune cookies paper which read: “Many friends are found with a single”.注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右：2.请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Jenny absently read the fortune cookie paper. She placed the cookies down, and bravely looked the girls in the eyes. . .【答案】:Jenny absently read the fortune cookie paper.
37、 She suddenly realized something. She grabbed a handful of fortune cookies that they gave out after every meal, but first she tore open a wrapper and cracked a cookie open for herself. She popped a sweet, crunchy piece in her mouth. Then, she put a handful of cookies into a small tray and left the k
38、itchen. Jenny sighed. Mustering up her courage, she approached the table where the twins and their parents were finishing their meal. She placed the cookies down, and bravely looked the girls in the eyes. “Thank you for coming to our restaurant!” Jenny said with a smile. “Oh, fortune cookies, I love
39、 these!” Cried one of the girls, reaching for the tray. The other sister looked at Jennie carefully and her eyes lit up with recognition. Then they introduced themselves to each other. Everyone was very happy and they talked a lot about their school and classmates. Later they made an appointment to
40、hang out together. Jenny tried to downplay the swell of happiness she felt, but she wasnt succeeding.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了学校中一位新来的小孩面对的交友困难，以及她的母亲如何帮助她的过程。她家的父母亲在她的学校附近新开设了一段一家餐馆，在餐馆开张的第一天，小孩的同学来到了餐馆，小孩碍于情面，不敢到餐厅服务，孩子的母亲提供了很好的建议。【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是，Jenny absently read the fortune cookie paper. 小女孩心不在焉的读着幸运甜点的说明。考生可以从这里展开自己的想象，围绕主人公，将其发展成一篇与所给材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的段落。续写第二段开头是，She placed the cookies down, and bravely looked the girls in the eyes.小女孩把甜点放下，并且勇敢的看着她的新同学。这里的关键词是勇敢的，因此，考生应该按照这个逻辑续写本段，其本段结尾应该是皆大欢喜的，也就是说，小女孩应该收获属于她的友谊。【点睛】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，比如，She g