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1、Unit 1Languages around the world Grammar定语从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to
2、develop in one direction.3.I told my mum that I wanted to give up，and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.4.I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.5.Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course，and that was the day w
3、hen I decided to take on a new language.6.That was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically.1.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第5、6句) 2.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第2、3句)。3.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(第1、4句)。一、关系副词的用法关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I st
4、ill remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。The day when we get together will come soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。名师点津若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house w
5、here I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now working in the factory where his father worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。名师点津若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)3why指原因，在定语从句中作原
6、因状语。The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。名师点津reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主
7、语)即时演练1用适当的关系词填空He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.This is the reason why he offered at the meeting.二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1介词的选用“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句
8、中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)名师点津(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。I still remember the time when(in which)I w
9、as in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。This is the hotel where(in which)they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。This is the reason why(for which)he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2关系代
10、词的选择“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。This is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3“名词/数词/代词等介词of关系代词”结构。有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。The river，the banks of wh
11、ich are covered with trees，flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。即时演练2单句语法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cr
12、y tears，none of which has been proved.The old man has two sons，both of whom are lawyers.My computer，without which I can't surf the Internet，broke down yesterday.单句语法填空1The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.2I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.3There
13、 was a period of time in his childhood when he liked listening to stories very much.4I know the girl whom the teacher talked with yesterday.5She has two sons，both of whom graduated from Harvard University.6The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.7The house fo
14、r which he paid 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.8The man from whom I got a letter was my brother.9We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.10This is the factory that/which I visited last year.完成句子1April Fool's Day is a day on which/when people play jokes on fr
15、iends.愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。2The year 1945 was the time in which/when the Second World War was at an end.1945年是二战结束的时间。3Is there a shop near here at which/where I can buy some flowers?这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？4I lost my wallet in the restaurant at which/where we had lunch.我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。5The reason for which/w
16、hy I didn't write to you was that I didn't know your address.我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。6Can you tell me the reason for which/why you didn't come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？7We are living in an age when many things are done on the computer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。8After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up.毕业以后，他回到那个他在那里长大的小镇。