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1、专题七××完形填空命题趋势2020年山东实行新高考，最大的改变之一是完形填空由20题减少到15题，分值也从1.5分下降到1分。完形填空的难度也相对老高考有下降的趋势。1.从体裁上来看，以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主，议论文为辅。文意思路清晰、条理清楚，便于学生理解和掌握。随着教学改革的深入和学生英语水平的普遍提高，在今后的高考英语中，体裁也可能会采用夹叙夹议或有关科学研究、成果介绍的说明文。所以我们在重视记叙文的同时，也不可忽视议论文和说明文。2.从题材上来看，选材新颖、时尚，内容贴近学生的实际生活，将知识和教育融为一体。用社会热点、学习生活、人物故事等，来传递社会正能量；以普及
2、社会常识为宗旨，体现思维品质，文化意识的学科素养。侧重从三个层面考查语境理解的能力：即对文章的中心内容和整体结构的把握和理解；对上下文或者句子之间关系的把握及理解；对句子结构和意义的把握和理解。3.考查以实词为主，其中动词、名词、形容词/副词考查较多，而连词、介词、代词的考查比较少。2020年山东卷2021年八省联考新高考模拟卷体裁记叙文记叙文主题语境人与自然人与社会字数222209考点动词：5个名词：7个形容词：2个副词：1个动词：6个形容词：5个副词：2个名词：2个考点清单1.重首句，易入题完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、
3、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺利“入题”的目的。2.寻复现，找答案完形填空选项的设置,命题人往往通过原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。3.看语境，辨词义完形填空的四个选项词性相同,意义相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案。做题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最佳答案。4.析逻辑，索答案完形填空中有些题目侧重考查对人物话语逻辑性的精准判断以及对特
4、殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度、语言褒贬和方式转变的理解判断。常见的命题方式包括心理揣测、动作交互、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。解决此类问题时要关注连词的功能、词语的多义性、词语的情感色彩和动作发生的先后顺序,借助具体语境和人物的特定身份,顺着原文的思路,依据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推断。5.据搭配，知答案完形填空中,有时会涉及短语,以动词短语为主,偶见介词短语等。解题时,可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识,进行有效推断,选择正确答案。6.重平行,觅逻辑文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起,特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现,要么通过并列连词连接。
5、一般来说,这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的,考生解题时要特别注意这一点。7.依常识,定答案完形填空虽然是独立的语篇,但有时会渗透很多科技、文化、历史、地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。同学们在做题时如果能积极主动地调动自己已有的文化背景和生活常识,特别是注意中西文化的差异并巧妙加以利用,将会有效简化分析与判断过程,节省宝贵时间,取得“事半功倍”的效果。8.破难句,解句意完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。9.巧排除,降难度在掌握文
6、章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。 精题集训（60分钟）经典训练题（一）This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently _1_ the shop.So I sat for the haircut. The uncle aske
7、d me how _2_ I wanted it. I answered, "Just do as my dad had _3_ you the last time."He smiled. Before starting the _4_ he added, "What if I keep it long?"I _5_ he was joking. So I joked too. I said, "I can't _6_ what would happen to your shop then!"The moment I said
8、 it, the assistant _7_ from behind. "How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh?"I admit I was too _8_ at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an _9_ look.From that day on, I _10_ stopped joking about anyone's profession and works. It is one of the
9、most _11_ incidents in my life, which taught me to _12_ the profession and works of a person, no matter how _13_ they are.I'm _14_ that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a _15_.1. A. left B. opened C. joined D. visited2. A. muchB. long C.
10、often D. soon 3. A. instructedB. invited C. promisedD. convinced 4. A. discussionB. journey C. training D. haircut 5. A. agreed B. heard C. hoped D. knew 6. A. forgetB. tolerate C. guarantee D. understand 7. A. urgedB. shouted C. laughed D. helped 8. A. angryB. proud C. scared D. curious9. A. anxiou
11、s B. appealing C. encouragingD. awkward 10. A. suddenlyB. completely C. temporarily D. regularly 11. A. importantB. exciting C. strange D. interesting 12. A. learnB. enterC. change D. respect13. A. hardB. small C. good D. complex 14. A. sorryB. confident C. grateful D. embarrassed 15. A. differenceB
12、. mistakeC. choice D. joke【答案】1-5 CBADD 6-10 CBCDB 11-15 ADBCA【解析】本文为记叙文，主要讲的是在一次理发中我开了有关别人工作的玩笑遭到了激烈的回应后变得非常尊重他人的职业的故事。1.考查动词辨析。根据此处的定语从句可知，应该是理发店的assistant刚来这家店工作不久，即加入这家店，join，故填C。2.考查形容词和副词辨析。空格后的it指代haircut并且后面说就像上次一样可知，这里应该是理发店的叔叔问我头发想剪多长，因此是how long。3.考查动词辨析。根据这里是在理发店的情境下，主语是我的父亲可知，此处应该是就像上次父
13、亲告诉你的那样，instruct sb. sth./that 表示告诉某人。4.考查名词辨析。根据前面的我已经坐下来准备剪头发可知，这里是在开始剪头发之前叔叔问我，因此是haircut。5.考查动词辨析。根据后面我也开起玩笑可知，这里是我知道叔叔是在开玩笑，因此是knew。6.考查动词辨析。根据这里我是在开玩笑回应叔叔的玩笑，以及宾语的意思可知，此处是我无法保证你们的店铺会发生什么，因此是guarantee。7.考查动词辨析。根据后面助手说话的内容非常凶可知，这里是他从后面大喊道，因此是shouted。8.考查形容词辨析。根据前面其实我和理发师叔叔有交情才开玩笑，但是助理却突然大吼，以及这里用
14、的是admit承认可知，此处应该是我承认当时我很生气，因此是angry。9.形容词辨析。根据前一题解析我作为顾客遭到了大声呵斥觉得生气可知，理发师应该是感到尴尬的，因此是awkward。10.考查副词辨析。根据前面我遭到了理发助理的批评，以及此处是副词修饰stopped可知，选completely，表示我完全不开有关任何人的职业的玩笑了。11.考查形容词辨析。根据后面定语从句表示这教会了我尊重别人的工作可知，这里应该填important，表示这是我人生中最重要的事之一。12.考查动词辨析。根据前面我不开有关工作的玩笑了可知，这里是这件事教会了我尊重别人的职业，因此是respect。13.考查形
15、容词辨析。此处they指代前面的profession and works，因此此处应该是无论别人的职业多小，我都尊重他的工作，因此选small。14.考查形容词辨析。根据前文说这件事教会了我尊重他人的工作，对我很重要可知，这里应该很感激助理当时用一种让我反思语言的力量的方式回应了我，因此是grateful。15.考查名词辨析。此处是固定搭配make a difference表示有影响，起作用，照应前文的power。高频易错题 (二)Every Friday evening when the sun looks like a giant orange and is starting to dip
16、 into the blue ocean, Old Eddie comes to his favorite pier with shrimp. Before long, dozens of seagulls fly 16 and envelop him. Ed stands there tossing shrimp to the hungry birds. As he does, you can hear him say with a smile, “Thank you. Thank you.” 17 in World War II he was a famous hero. On one o
17、f his flying 18 across the Pacific, he and his seven-member 19 went down. Miraculously, all of the men 20 , crawled out of their plane, and 21 into a life raft. Captain Rickenbacker and his crew floated for days on the rough waters of the Pacific. By the eighth day their foods 22 . They were hundred
18、s of miles from 23 and no one knew where they were.Suddenly, Eddie felt something land on the top of his cap. It was a 24 ! Old Ed would later describe how he sat perfectly 25 , planning his next move. With a flash of his hand, he managed to 26 it and he, and his starving crew made a meal a very 27
19、meal for eight men of it. Then they used the intestines for bait(诱饵). With it, they 28 fish, which gave them food and more bait and the 29 continued until they were found and rescued.Eddie Rickenbacker never forgot the sacrifice of that first lifesaving seagull. That's why almost every Friday ni
20、ght he would walk to the pier with a bucket full of shrimp and a feeling of 30 .16. AattackBassistCdietDdrag17. AUpBAheadCOffDBack18. AmissionsBskillsCtravelsDlectures19. ApassengersBcrewCcoachesDclassmates20. AdiedBsurvivedCfledDfloated21. A. climbedB. walkedC. landedD. moved22. Aburned outBcut out
21、Ctested outDran out23. AseaBlandCboatDhome24. AbirdBeagleCangelDseagull25. AnormalBstillCawesomeDcomfortable26. AsaveBgraspCalarmDpush27. AnoisyBordinaryCabundantDslight28. ApurchasedBexchangedCcaughtDfed29. AimaginationBruleCcycleDbusiness30. AaffectionBbitternessCthankfulnessDregret【答案】16-20 CDABB
22、 21-25 ADBDB 26-30 BDCCC【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了一位二战老兵每周五都带着满心感激和满满一桶虾来喂海鸥，原来二战中老兵和自己的战友遭遇空难落入海中，是海鸥给了他们第二次生命。16考查动词。根据下文“Ed stands there tossing shrimp to the hungry birds.”可知，海鸥飞过来吃食物，故选C。17考查副词。句意：在第二次世界大战时，他是一个著名的英雄。back用作副词的基本意思是“往后，在后面”，也可引申表示时间作“过去”解，故选D。18考查名词。句意：在一次飞越太平洋的飞行任务中，他和他的七名机组成员坠落。missions任务
23、；B. kills技巧；travels旅行；lectures讲座。根据上文“_ in World War II he was a famous hero.”可知，在二战中这位老英雄执行一项飞行任务，故选A。19考查名词。句意见上。passengers乘客；crew全体人员；coaches教练；classmates同学。根据下文“Captain Rickenbacker and his crew floated for days”可知，这里指他和七名机组成员，故选B。20考查动词。句意：所有人都奇迹般地活了下来，爬出飞机，爬上了救生筏。died死；survived幸存； fled逃；floate
24、d漂浮。根据“ crawled out of their plane, and climbed into a life raft”可知，他们奇迹般地活了下来，故选B。21. 考查动词。根据前文的crawled out of their plane（爬出飞机）可知，这里指的是爬上救生筏。crawled和climbed都有爬的意思，故选A。22考查动词。句意：到了第八天，他们的食物吃完了。burned out烧坏，精疲力竭；cut out切断，删除； tested out彻底检验，考验；ran out耗尽，用光。根据语境可知，在茫茫大海上漂浮，没有食物补给，他们的食物都吃完了，故选D。23考查名词
25、。句意：他们离陆地有几百英里远，没有人知道他们在哪里。根据上文“Captain Rickenbacker and his crew floated for days on the rough waters of the Pacific”可知，他们坠入海中在筏子上漂了好多天，远离陆地，故选B。24考查名词。句意：突然，艾迪感到有什么东西落在了他的帽子上。那是一只海鸥！根据下文“Eddie Rickenbacker never forgot the sacrifice of that first lifesaving seagull.”可知，是海鸥落在了他的帽子上，也正是这只海鸥救了他们的命。故选
26、D。25考查形容词。句意：老艾迪后来描述了他是如何静静地坐着，计划着下一步的行动。normal正常的； still静止的；awesome可怕的；comfortable舒服的。根据下文“”可知，老艾德静止不动，是为了下一步的行动，一闪手就将它抓住，故选B。26考查动词。句意：他的手一闪，总算抓住了它，于是他和他饥饿的船员们把它做成了一顿饭对八个人来说极少的一顿。根据“he, and his starving crew made a meal”可知，他把海鸥抓来做成了一顿饭，故选B。27考查形容词。句意见上。noisy吵闹的；ordinary普通的；abundant丰富的；slight轻微的，少量
27、的。根据语境和常识可知，一只海鸥做成一餐，由八人分食，份量是极少的，故选D。28考查动词。句意：有了它，他们能够抓鱼，这给了他们食物和更多的诱饵，这样循环下去，直到他们被找到并获救。purchased买；exchanged交换，兑换；caught；fed喂养。根据上文“Then they used the intestines for bait(诱饵)”可知，他们用海鸥的内脏做诱饵来抓鱼，故选C。29考查名词。句意见上。A. imagination想象；B. rule规则；C. cycle循环；D. business生意。根据“With it, they _ fish, which gave
28、them food and more bait”可知，他们用海鸥的内脏做诱饵捕鱼，这给了他们食物和更多的诱饵，因此这是一个“循环”，故选C。30考查名词。句意：这就是为什么几乎每个周五晚上，他都会带着满满的感激和满满的一桶虾走到码头。affection喜爱；bitterness苦难；thankfulness感激；regret后悔。根据上文“As he does, you can hear him say with a smile, “Thank you. Thank you.”可知，老艾迪对海鸥满怀感激。故选C。（三）An Indian school teacher has been awar
29、ded the 2020 Global Teacher Prize and he has 31 to give half of the $1 million prize money to other finalists. The award is to celebrate “exceptional” teachers who have made 32 contributions to their profession.Disale, a teacher of an Indian 33 school, was chosen as the winner from more than 12,000
30、nominations from over 140 countries around the world. The award recognized his efforts to 34 girls education at the school, whose pupils are mostly from primitive communities. In order to 35 class textbooks into his pupils mother tongue, he learned the 36 language. Besides, he created unique QR code
31、s on the textbooks to give students 37 to audio poems, video lectures, stories and assignments, greatly 38 school attendance. His QR technology is now 39 across India, which has been adopted by many schools.At the 40 ceremony, Disale told the host that he would share the prize with the other nine fi
32、nalists from different countries in the world, giving them $55,000 each. He also said, “I believe that my doing this means I can 41 their work, which is 42 . We can reach out and 43 the lives of as many students as we can.”Disales action drew praise from around the world. 44 young children, especial
33、ly from poor and needy backgrounds is perhaps the best way to help them as individuals, and 45 contributes to creating a better world.31ArefusedBsworeChesitatedDdemanded32AshockingBtouchingCsatisfyingDoutstanding33ApublicBprivateCremoteDfamous34AchallengeBpromoteCdesignDdefend35AtranslateBtransformC
34、divideDmove36AintelligentBparticularClocalDaccurate37AinspirationBaccessCapproachesDanalysis38ApreventingBinfluencingCcontrollingDimproving39ArareBadvancedCpopularDfresh40AawardBmeetingCschoolDcommunity41Afinish upBscale upCset upDpick up42AtemporaryBattractiveCconvincingDworthy43AlightenBinstructCg
35、uaranteeDarrange44AFeedingBProtectingCEducatingDEvaluating45ArelativelyBproperlyCsmoothlyDactively【答案】31-35 BDCBA 36-40 CBDCA 41-45 BDACD【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名印度教师Disale获得2020年全球教师奖，表彰了他为促进偏远地区学校女孩教育所做的努力，他并将奖金的一半捐赠给其他入围选手。31.考查动词。句意：一名印度教师获得2020年全球教师奖，他承诺将100万美元奖金的一半捐赠给其他入围选手。refused拒绝；swore发誓；承诺；hes
36、itated犹豫；demanded要求。根据“Disale told the host that he would share the prize with the other nine finalists from different countries in the world, giving them $55,000 each.”可知，Disale承诺将100万美元奖金的一半捐赠给其他入围选手。故选B。32考查形容词。句意：这个奖项是为了表彰那些在自己的专业领域做出突出贡献的“杰出”教师。shocking令人震惊的；touching感人的；satisfying令人满意的；outstand
37、ing优秀的。根据“The award is to celebrate “exceptional” teachers”可知，该奖项是为了表彰有突出贡献的“杰出”教师。故选D。33考查形容词。句意：Disale是印度一所偏远学校的老师，他从全世界140多个国家的12000多项提名中脱颖而出。public公众的；private私人的；remote遥远的；famous著名的。根据“The award recognized his efforts to _ girls education at the school, whose pupils are mostly from primitive com
38、munities.”可知，Disale在印度一所偏远学校任教。故选C。34考查动词。句意：该奖项表彰了他为促进该校女孩教育所做的努力，该校的学生大多来自落后社区。challenge挑战；promote提升；促进；design设计；defend防守。该奖项表彰了Disale为促进该校女孩教育所做的努力。故选B。35考查动词。句意：为了把课堂课本翻译成学生的母语，他学习了当地语言。translate翻译；transform改变；divide划分；move移动。根据“into his pupils mother tongue”可知，Disale将课堂课本翻译成当地语言。translate into
39、把翻译成。故选A。36考查形容词。句意同上。intelligent聪明的；particular特别的；local当地的；accurate准确的。根据“In order to _ class textbooks into his pupils mother tongue,”可知，Disale为了把课堂课本翻译成学生的母语，所以学习的是当地的语言。故选C。37考查名词。句意：此外，他还在教科书上创建了独特的二维码，让学生们可以看到有声诗歌、视频讲座、故事和作业，大大提高了出勤率。inspiration灵感；access使用权；approaches靠近；analysis分析。give access
40、to可以利用。根据“Besides, he created unique QR codes on the textbooks”可知，孩子们可以利用二维码看到有声诗歌、视频讲座、故事和作业。故选B。38考查动词。句意同上。preventing阻止；influencing影响；controlling控制；improving改善。根据“Besides, he created unique QR codes on the textbooks to give students _ to audio poems, video lectures, stories and assignments,”可知，因为
41、学生能够看到的更加丰富多彩，所以大大提高了学生的出勤率。故选D。39考查形容词。句意：他的二维码技术现在在印度很受欢迎，很多学校都采用了这种技术。rare罕见的； advanced高级的；popular受欢迎的；fresh新鲜的。根据“which has been adopted by many schools.”可知，Disale的二维码技术在印度很受欢迎。故选C。40考查名词。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Disale告诉主持人，他将与来自世界不同国家的其他9位决赛选手分享奖金，每人将获得5.5万美元。award奖品；meeting见面；school学校；community社区。根据“Disale
42、told the host that he would share the prize with the other nine finalists from different countries in the world, giving them $55,000 each.”可知，Disale的承诺是在颁奖典礼上做出的。故选A。41考查动词短语。句意：我相信我这样做意味着我可以让他们更努力地工作，这是值得的。finish up结束；scale up按比例增加；set up创立；pick up拾起。根据“We can reach out and _ the lives of as many s
43、tudents as we can.”可知，Disale希望通过分享他的奖金来让他们更努力地工作。故选B。42考查形容词。句意：我相信我这样做意味着我可以让他们更努力地工作，这是值得的。temporary临时地；attractive有吸引力的；convincing令人信服的；worthy值得的。根据“I believe that my doing this means I can _their work,”可知，Disale认为自己这样做是值得的。故选D。43考查动词。句意：我们可以帮助尽可能多的学生，减轻他们的生活负担。lighten变轻松；instruct指导；guarantee保证；ar
44、range安排。根据“We can reach out”可知，帮助学生是为了减轻他们的生活负担。故选A。44考查动词词义辨析。句意：教育年幼的孩子，尤其是来自贫穷和有需要的背景的孩子，也许是帮助他们作为个人，并积极为创造一个更美好的世界作出贡献的最好方式。Feeding喂养； Protecting保护； Educating教育； Evaluating评估。根据“The award recognized his efforts to _ girls education at the school, whose pupils are mostly from primitive communitie
45、s.”可知，这里是教育孩子。故选C。45考查副词词义辨析。句意：教育年幼的孩子，尤其是来自贫穷和有需要的背景的孩子，也许是帮助他们作为个人，并积极为创造一个更美好的世界作出贡献的最好方式。relatively相对地；properly恰当地； smoothly平滑地； actively积极地。教育是积极为创造一个更美好的世界作出贡献。故选D。(四)What if everyone in the world was exactly alike? The world would be extremely 46 I believe it's important to 47 people for
46、 who they are. 48 are important and they should be respected. Many people throughout history, like Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison, did great things, but were 49 strange, because they had strong feelings about something. I can 50 to these people, because I've been in that situation before.It all started in elementary school when I 51 that I wasn't like everyone else. I grew crazy about certain subjects. 52 , these subjects didn't interest other kids and my teachers. 53 , my kindergarten