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1、Lesson 51 Reward for Virtuereward U recompense for work,merit or services 报答;报偿:（值得称赞或奖励的品质;价值;长处;优点）没有希望获得报偿的工作 work without hope of rewardHe received a medal in reward for his bravery.他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章.C something given or received in return for work,merit or services 报酬;酬金:reap,receive ones just rew
2、ard获得应有的报酬 emotional,intellectual,financial rewards感情方面的 知识方面的 财务方面的报酬 One reward of my job is meeting people.我在工作中的一个收获是能认识许多人.C sum of money offered for the capture of a criminal,return of lost property,etc（为捉捕罪犯 寻回失去财物等的）赏金,奖赏:A 1000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.悬
3、赏1000英镑寻找失窃的give sb.reward给报偿 reward sb.with sth.用奖赏.reward sb.for sth.因为给某人奖赏 reward him for the first prize virtue(a)U moral goodness or excellence 美德;道德上的优良品性:lead a life of virtue过高尚的生活(b)C particular form of this;good habit 美德;良好的习惯:Patience is a virtue.忍耐是一种美德.extol,praise,etc the virtues of t
4、hrift 颂扬 赞美.节俭的好习惯.C,U the (of sth/being sth/doing sth)attractive or useful quality;advantage 优点;长处:This seat has the virtue of being adjustable.这种座位的好处是可以调节.The great virtue of camping is its cheapness/is that it is cheap.野营的一大优点是省钱.learn the virtue(s)of keeping ones mouth shut要有慎言的优点.strongpoints
5、n.长处，merit n.优点 shortpoints n.短处 weak points弱点My friend,Hugh,has always been fat,but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.我的朋友休一直很胖,但是近来情况变得越发糟糕,以致他决定节食.things（要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：你确实使情况变得更糟了。Youre surely made things worse.你那里情况如何？How are things going on with you?get作不及
6、物动词时可以表示“变得”：我（变得）对法语感兴趣了。I got interested in French.我（变得）对他很生气。I got angry with him.diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：go on a diet=be on a diet实行节食 The doctor put him on a strict diet.医生让他严格控制饮食。我曾经节食过一周，然后就放弃了。I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.He began his diet a week ago
7、.First of all,he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.他是一星期前开始节食的.首先,他开列了一张长长的单子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物.first of all首先,首要(许多事情中首要的,即最重要的)首先我必须看一下你的护照。First of all I must see your passpart.at first首先（句型at first,then起先然后)write out写出，（正式）写，全部写出 你应该写一份报告。You should werite out a report.forbid
8、（forbade，forbidden）order(sb)not to do sth 禁止,不准,不许（某人）做某事:I cant forbid you/your seeing that man again.我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往.你想去,我也拦不住你.If you want to go,I cant forbid you.(b)order that(sth)shall not be done;not allow 禁止（某事物）;不允许:Her father forbade their marriage.她父亲不允许他们俩结婚.forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 all
9、ow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 Forbidden City紫禁城(被禁止的城市)；Forbidden fruit禁果 The list included most of the things Hugh loves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;and sweets.这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的:黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.most of大部分 includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include则只表示其中的一部分。其中有3袋糖果。（另外还有其他
10、东西）It included three bags of sweets.contain一定是容器里面装，include则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。账单包括小费吗？Does the bill include a tip?我们把你列为我们队中的一员了。Were including you in our team.Yesterday I paid him a visit.I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.昨天我去看望了他.我按响了门铃.当看到休仍和往常一样胖时,我
11、并不感到惊奇.pay sb.a visit拜访某人 Pay you a visit.I paid a visit to Jane the other day.前几天我去看望了简。pay a visit to sb./someplace拜访某人/某地.call up sb./at someplace拜访某人/某地 have a visitvisit asas ever像往常一样，照旧，依然 as clean as ever；as quiet as ever be surprised to do sth./be surprised at sth.He led me into his room an
12、d hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.他把我领进屋,慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.显然他感到很尴尬.lead sb.into(进门)；show sb.out(出门)；see sb.off(送行)obviously it was obvious that(it 为形式主语)显然embarrass(a)cause(sb)to feel self-conscious,awkward or ashamed 使（某人）觉得不自然 忸怩 尴尬或害羞:I was em
13、barrassed by his comments about my clothes.他评论我的衣服使我很尴尬.你是想让我难堪吗?Are you trying to embarrass me?(b)cause mental discomfort or anxiety to(sb)使（某人）不安或焦虑:embarrassed by lack of money因缺钱而苦恼 financially embarrassed 拮据.sth.embarrass sb.让感到尴尬 You embarrassed me.你让我感到尴尬 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬地；embarrassed ad
14、j.感到尴尬 embarrassment n.尴尬 To my embarrassment，让我感到尴尬的是 When I asked him what he was doing,he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.当我问他正干什么时,他内疚地笑了,然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.If you feel guilty,you feel unhappy because you think that you have done something wrong or have failed to do something which
15、 you should have done.guiltily adv.内疚地 guiltily conscience问心有愧 clear conscience问心无愧He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.他解释说,他的饮食控制得太严格了,以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下.strict adj.严格的 be strict with sb.对某人严格 My father is strict with me.be strict in sth.对严格 occasionally a
16、dv.偶而地 occasionallyadvnow and then;at times 偶然地;不时地;有时:He visits me occasionally.他偶尔来看我.on the occasion偶尔，sometimes偶尔，at times偶尔 off and on偶尔，now and again偶尔Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!接着他给我看了包里的东西.里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果!Ra
17、ise and Rise.raise作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起，往上提，使升高”等含义：请那些同意我的人举起手来好吗？Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?他们为什么提高物价？Why did they raise prices?rise作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含义：你还在床上，太阳已经升起来！Youre still in bed and the sun has already risen!老师走进教室时所有的学生都起立了。All the students
18、rose when the teacher came into the classroom.Lay and Lie.lay（laid，laid）vt.置，搁，铺，准备 我把你的衣服放在床上了，这样你可以把它们收起来。I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.你如果不会做饭，至少可以把桌子摆好。If you cant cook the dinner,you can at least lay the table.lie（lay，lain）vi.躺，平卧 你打算在床上躺一上午吗？Are you going to spend t
19、he whole morning lying in bed?昨天的晚会之后我们非常疲劳，今天在床上躺了一下午。We were so tired after last nights party that we lay in bed in morning.Beat and Win.beat vt.打败，战胜，胜过，超过 他们虽然人少，但打败了敌人。They beat their enemy,though they were fewer in number.I beat you.我打败了你。表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。win vt.在获胜（成功），赢得，获得，夺得 谁赢了这场比赛/战争？Who won the race/the war?beat后面接对手，win不能接对手。