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1、虚构语气英语全国虚构语气合用学科合用地区知识点学习目标合用年级高二课不时长（分钟）601 掌握关于此刻事实虚构的构造和应用2 掌握关于过去事实的虚构的构造和应用3 掌握关于未来事实的虚构的构造和应用学习要点学习难点虚构语气在详细语境中的应用，判断出是关于哪一种时态的虚构虚构语气在详细语境中的应用，判断出是关于哪一种时态的虚构学习过程一、复习预习复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容二、知识解说虚构语气是一种特别的动词形式，主要用法有两种：一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假定、猜想、思疑等；一是表示说话人的梦想、要求、命令、建议等。1、虚构语气在非真切条件句中虚构条件句与此刻事实相反的
2、假定If+S+were/did主句S+would/should/might/could V与过去事实相反的假定If+S+had+doneS+would/should/might/couldhave done与未来事实相反的假定If+S+were/didshould dowere to doS+would/should/might/could V1.表示对此刻的虚构：If I were you,I would study hard.If we had time,we would attend the meeting.2.表示对过去的虚构：3.表示对未来的虚构：If it should rain,
3、the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.考点/易错点 1省略 if 的虚构语气虚构条件句中的if 在一些状况下能够省略，请看下边的例子：If it should happen,what would you do?If he had recognized me,he would have come e over.If I were in school again,I would work harder.harder.Should it happen,what would you do?H
4、ad he recognized me,he would haveWere I in school again,I would work考点/易错点 2混淆/错综型虚构语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，气或错综虚构语气，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。称为混淆虚构语If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.If I were you,I would have taken his advice.If you had told me the news y esterday,I would
5、nIf I were you,I wouldn t be so worried now.t have missed the concert last night.考点/易错点 3委宛虚构条件句有时假定的状况不以词或其余形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,but for,otherwise,or等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity),there would be
6、no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday,or/otherwise he would have attended the party.if 指引的条件从句形式表现出来，而是经过一个介词短语，连考点/易错点 4半虚半不虚原在有些句子中，并不是整个句子都用虚 气，而是前半句表虚，后半句表事，或许前半句表事，后半句表虚，句子我 称之“半虚半不虚”的虚 句。I would have attended the party yesterday,but I fell ill.I would lose weight,but I eat a lot now.
7、You fell ill,or/otherwise you would have attended the party yesterday.He eats a lot,or/otherwise he would lose weight now.考点/易错点 5“情 should/ought to/could/may/might+have done”表示“去本而事 上未”的虚 气，一般表示委宛的。You are late again.You could have come earlier.You have made a few mistakes.You might have been a lit
8、tle bit more careful.You should have told me earlier that you weren t able to come.sso near.We needn t have taken a taxi.It三、例题精析【例题 1】【干】(2014北京卷)We _back in the hotel now if you didnloset the map.A.areB.wereDC.will beD.would be【答案】【分析】本 观察的是if 条件状 从句的虚 气。表示与 在事 相反，条件句中使D 正确。用“一般 去 /were”，主句使用“情+原形
9、”。句意：假如你没有把地 了，我在就会在 里了。依据从句的did可知本句是与 在事 相反，故【例题 2】【题干】1._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.（2012吉林高考）A.WouldB.ShouldC.WereD.Will【答案】B【分析】此题观察的是 if 条件状语从句的虚构语气,省略 if，从句倒装的状况。表示与未来事实相反时，条件句中使用“should+v,were to do,did，主”句使用“神态动词+动词原形”。句意：假如明日下雨，我们就会不得不推延去观光杨浦大桥
10、。依据从句的tomorrow 可知本句是与未来事实相反，故B 正确。【例题 3】【题干】（2014 湖南卷）22.If Mr.Dewey _ present,he would have offered any possibleassistance to the people there.A.were B.had been G.should be【答案】B【分析】此题观察的是条件状语从句的虚构语气中的与过去事实相反的状况。与过去事实相反的虚构语气，条件状语从句要使用“过去达成时had done”，主句要使用“神态动词+havedone”。句义：假如 Mr Dewey在场，他就会向那边的人供给保证
11、。依据本句后边主句中的would have offered 说明与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去达成时。故B 正确。D.was【例题 4】【题干】（2014 天津卷）15._ the morning train,he would not have been late forthe meeting.A.Did he catchB.should be catchC.has he caughtD.Had he caught【答案】D【分析】观察省略和倒装以及虚构语气。此题其实是一个条件状语从句的虚构语气，表示与过去事实相反。条件句中使用“过去达成式”，主句使用“神态动词+have done”；当条件
12、句中的 if 省略的时候，要把 had 提早形成部分倒装。句义：假如他追上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。故 D 正确。四、讲堂运用【基础】【例题 1】【题干】1.I _ sooner but I didnA.had comeB.was coming t know that they were waiting for me.C.would comeD.would have come【例题 2】【题干】If you had brought your swimsuit with you,we _ swimming in the lake now.A could goB could have gon
13、eC can goD have gone【稳固】1_ anything,give me a call and Ill be glad to help you.A Had you required B Should you require CYourequired DYou had required2.(2013 北京高考)If we _ a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in aqueue.A have bookedB bookedC bookD had booked3 Grace doesnt want to move to New Yo
14、rk because she thinks if she _ there,shewouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.livesC.has livedB.would liveD.were to live【拔高】1.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _B.would liveC.having askedD.Were tolivethere,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.li
15、ves2.Ifmay car _more reliable,I wouldsummer.A.wasB.had beenC.should behave driven to Lhasa instead of flyinglastD.would be3 If we had taken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.A is not pollutedB would not be pollutedC had not been pollutedD would not have been polluted4
16、We _the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?A should faceB might faceC could have facedD must have faced课程小结本节课主要讲关于此刻，过去未来的虚构，以及有关的观察。课后作业【基础】1.(2012安徽高考)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she_ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A livesB would
17、 liveC has livedD were to live2(2012 浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next,they _ second thoughts.A may haveB could haveC must have hadD might have had【稳固】1 We were stuck on the way to the scenic spot,otherwise we _ lots of fun there.A had hadB have hadC could have hadD could have2 Fortunately it
18、 happened at night.If the hurricane _ during the daytime,there_ more deaths.A had happened;would have beenB happened;would beC had happened;would beD happened;would have been【拔高】1._ it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A WereBShouldC WouldD Will2.（2014 浙江卷）They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out theinvestigation,or they _ to our help.A.would have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come