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1、小学升初中英语语法大全小学升初中英语语法大全小学升初中语法大全讲义第一课 基础 冠词一、字母大写的五种情况：1.国家首字母ChinaAmerican Germany2.句子的首字eg.This is my book3.地名北京 Beijing 上海 Shanghai4.人名Wang DazuiTom5.月份 星期节日五月 May六月 June星期一 Monday星期二 Tuesday春节Spring Festival中秋节Middle-autumn day元音字母有 A a,E e,O o,I i,U u二、冠词1.冠词有：a、an、the2.冠词分为：不定冠词：a、an定冠词：the3.冠词
2、的用法：a/an 都表示一个an 用在单词发音中元音音标开头的单词a 用在单词发音中辅音音标开头的单词a/an 第一次提到 the 再次提到eg.an orange/CrIndV/an apple/Apl/4.定冠词 the 的用法(5 种)：.特指某些人或物eg.The book on the desk is mine.双方都知道的人或事物eg.Open the door,please.指上文提到的人或事物eg.He lives on a farm,the farm is not big.世界上独一无二的事物前eg.The sun is bigger than the moon.形容词最高级
3、前Eg:The island is the biggest of the three.5不用冠词的情况:星期、月份、季节、节日前不用，但中国传统节日要用 the.on Monday 在星期一in June 在六月in spring 在春天at Christmas 在圣诞节on the Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节.国家城市不用 thein Shenyang 在沈阳.称呼头衔前不用Mr.Wang 王先生例题：冠词（a/an）1.I have _ book.2._ cat can catch insect.3.Lucy spends _ hour doing herhomework ev
4、eryday.4.Bobs father is _ engineer.5.John is _ honest boy.6._ apple _day keeps the doctor away.7.Lets have _ rest for _ while.8.Mother bought me_uniform yesterday.9.I have _ pencil._(a,the)pencils is red.10._(a,the/)sun is shining brightly in _(a,the,/)sky.11._(a,the)dictionary on _(a,the)desk is mi
5、ne.12.Is _(the,/)Mary(a,the,/)youngest girl in our class.13.Can you play(a,an,the,/)violin14.We go to school by(a,the,/)bike in(a,an,the)morning every day.根据所学知识用 a,an,the,/填空My name is _ Michael.Im in _ grade three this term.My mother is _doctor andmy father is _actor.Today is _ Saturday.Now,my fat
6、her is talking on _ phone.My mother is _ having breakfast.My grandmother is watering _ flowers in _garden and Im watching _ TV.Look!This is my zone.There is _ beautifulumbrella in my bedroom.I like _ umbrella very much because I bought it in_ Paris.These are all my presents.第二课名词一、概念：表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的
7、名称二、名词的分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词:指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西不可数名词:不能用数字计算的举例：学生、车、房子、北方。三、常用的不可数名词：water fruit ice juice rice ink(与水有关的）money food bread coffee sugar milk(拿钱买的食物有吃的面包喝的咖啡，咖啡有点苦于是又买的糖和牛奶）meat beef pork mutton clothes soap（买的肉有牛肉 猪肉 羊肉 吃的时候把衣服弄了于是买了肥皂）hair paper ink grass(上学时整理好了头发,买的纸、草 墨水）不可数名词四、即可
8、充当可数名词又可当不可数名词的有：chicken 鸡（可数)鸡肉(不可数)duck 鸭子(可数)鸭肉(不可数)lamb(羔羊)foods 各类食物fruits 各类水果fishes鱼类五、单复数同形：即单数和复数的写法一样。单复数同形的词常有：sheep(绵羊)deer(鹿)fish(鱼)Chinese(中国人)Japanese(日本人)六、可数名词变复数：规则 1，直接加 s：balloonballoonsboyboysdoll dollsbookbooks规则 2：以 s.x ch sh 结尾的加 es:boxboxeswatchwatchesbusbusesdishdishes则 3:以
9、 o 结尾的有生命的加 es,无生命的加 s:tomato tomatoes heroheroespotatopotatoes口诀：英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆注意：photophotos(照片)规则 4：以 f,fe 结尾变 f,fe 为 veslife 变 livesknife 变 knivesleaf 变 leaveswolf 变 wolveswife 变 wivesthief 变 thivesshelf 变 shelveswife 变 wives记忆小口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼，吓的小偷发了荒躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光规则五：以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 esbaby 变 bab
10、iesfactory 变 factoriescountry 变 countries记忆小口诀：小孩去了乡村的工厂不规则名词变复数：tooth 变 teethfoot 变 feetgoose 变 geese小口诀：双脚白鹅和牙齿 oo 都要变 ee判断下列划线部分单词是可数名词还是不可数名词。Y(可数)N(不可数)I would like a glass()of water.()2.I bought dad a can()of beer().3.Do you know Alices telephone()number()4.Is the ring()made of gold()5.There i
11、s a fish()in the water().6.The Chinese()love tea().7.The coffee()on the table()is for you.8.The pen is out of ink.()9.Do you take some sugar()with your milk()10.Bob lost a lot of blood()in the war.11.Mom bought a bag()of rice()yesterday.二、写出下列名词复数形式1.desk2.boat3.map4.dish5.class6.church7.dress8.page
12、9.boy10.hero11.potato12.radio13.party14.factory15.leaf16.shelf17man18.tooth19.child20.deer21.school22.beach23.baby介词：in at on outside记忆小口诀：年月前面要用 in，上午下午要用 in，午夜中午用 at，at 用在点钟前 在家也要用 at在早上 in the morning在下午 in the afternoon在傍晚 in the evening在中午 at noon在晚上 at night在 8：00 钟at 8：00 Oclock在家at home国家、城市
13、、季节用 in在中国 in China在沈阳 in Shenyang在春天in springoutside 在 外面outside the school gate在学校大门口外边behind 在的后面Sheep is behind the wolf懒洋洋在灰太狼的后面习题：The hen is sitting _ its eggs.(坐在鸡蛋上)2.Peter sits _ Susan in the classroom.(Peter 坐在 Susan 后面)3.A cat is climbing _ the tree.(猫在爬树)4.I have an ache _ my arm.5.Can
14、you come to teachus _ Sunday.6.Whats the weather _ today7.Sam,can you swim _ the river.8.How did they come here Mum _ air.第三课 代词一、概念:代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词二、分类：指示代词和人称代词1.指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词(这个)表示单数that(那个)表示单数this boxthat box thisthese 这些 表示复数those boxesthose(那些)表示复数 these boxes总结：this that 作主语，谓语动
15、词用单数，名词用单数形式these those 作主语，谓语动词用复数，名词用复数形式这是一只猫 This is a cat那是一只猫 That is a cat这是些猫 These are cats那是些猫 Those are cats指示代词：this(这个)，these(这些),that(那个),those(那些)eg.1._ is a zebra.这是一只斑马2._ is a kangaroo.那是一只袋鼠3._ are goats._ are sheep.这些是山羊，那些是绵羊4.Hello,Lucy!_ is my classmate,Cathy.你好露西，这是我的同学凯茜。Thi
16、s girl is Mary/This is Mary这个女孩是玛丽/这是玛丽That girl is Mary/That is Mary那女孩是玛丽/那是玛丽Those girls are my friends/那些女孩是我的朋友/那些是我的朋友These girls are my friends/这些女孩是我的朋友/这些是我的朋友2.人称代词充当名词作主语第一人称 我 I 我们 we第二人称 你 you你们 you第三人称他/她/它 he/she/it 他们 themam a sheepIt is a wolfThey are boys and girlsHe is a policeShe
17、 is a teacher人称代词充当宾语放在动词后第一人称 我 me我们 we第二人称你 you你们 you第三人称 他/她/它 him/her/it 他们 themThank you very muchGive us some drinksGive me some bananasI take her to the garden人称代词充当形容词第一人称我的 my 我们的 our第二人称你的 your 你们的 your第三人称他的/她的/它的 his/her/its他们的 theirHer father is a doctorThis is his cartoon bookThey are
18、their booksThis is my houseThis is your bag人称代词充当名词第一人称我的 mine 我们的 ours第二人称你的 yours 你们的 yours第三人称 他的/她的/它的 his/hers/its他们的 theirsThis cartoon book is his.This house is mine.This bag is yours.人称第一人称第二人称第三人称代词及be 动词用法单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhe
19、r/his/itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyours hers/his/itstheirsBe 动词现在时amareareareisareBe 动词waswerewerewerewaswere过去时be 动词与人称代词结合使用小口诀：我(I)用 am，你(you)用 are，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it).单数用 is，复数用 are用正确的人称代词填空1 _ am Jim Green.You can call _Jim.2 Miss White is our teacher._teachers _ English.3Where are my keys
20、 I cant find _.4This is _ brother.(I)5.Show me _book(you).6.Open _mouth(you)7.What can I do for _,Sir8.Dad bought _ a computer.We are very happy.9.Henry and Dick are friends._ often play basketball together.10._ is ten oclock _ should go to bed,Sue.10.Im a student.This is _ school bag.11.Look at the
21、 dog._ tail is brown.12.Boys and girls,open _ books and turn to page 26.用正确的物主代词填空4 Hello,Lucy!_is my classmate Cathy.你好露西，这是我的同学凯茜。5 John didnt pass the exam._made his teacher very angry.约翰没通过这次考试，这令他的老师很生气。6 Taste _,Its delicious.尝尝这个，那是美味的。第四课 动词一、动词分为：be 动词：am,is,are情态动词 can,may,must,do,does感官动词
22、 feel,smell,taste.sound实义动词：剩余为实义动词。如跑、跳助动词+形容词be 动词+形容词/名词She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩we are good friends 我们是好朋友I am a teacher 我是一名老师情态动词+动词原形I can sing.我能唱歌She must be a teacher.He can get a pen.他能得到一只铅笔Peter can drive a car peter.能开车我可以问你几个问题吗May I ask you some questions实义动词：即行为动词,表示动作的动词My watch s
23、topped.我的表停了。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。二、动词变化规则当主语是单数时动词的第三人称变化规则 1：直接加 s 例如 like/look规则 2：以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾+es；例如 teach规则 3：以辅音字母+y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 es例如：fly study规则 4：以 o 结尾加 es 例如：godo注意：have 的单数是 has他有一个儿子 He has a son.她想要一本书 She wants a book.李明每周买一本书Li Ming buys a bike every week.我妈妈有两个儿子
24、My mother has two sons.三、判断谓语动词单复数当主语是 he/she/it 及一个人或物还有不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。当主语是 we you they 及复数名词时谓语动词用复数Sheep and wolf are in the same class喜洋洋和灰太狼是在同一个教室They have many interesting books他们有很多有趣的书Our mother is a good teacher我们的妈妈是一名好老师Chicken is very delicious food鸡肉是非常可口的食物判断下列划线词的词性，选出正确答案A 实义动词 B 助动词
25、 C 系动词1.He can swim.()2.Her face turned red.()3.Miss Li was sitting on the sofa watching TV.()()4.Susan did her hair in front of the mirror.()5.The children were playing on the ground.()二写出下列动词第三人称单数现在时1.buy_2.catch_3.cry_4.go_5.try_6.finish_7.hurry_8.cross_9.mix_10.punish_11.fix_12.watch_13.dress_1
26、4.write_15.wash_16teach_三写出下列词的分词形式1.do2.like3.plan4.drop5.dance6.go7.begin8.build9.like10.eat11.make12.move13.feel14.sell15.pay16.sing17.say18.give19.win20.run第五课 复习1.a、an 的用法_pear _ apple _book一小时一个女孩一把伞2.可数名词的复数变化规则以 o 结尾的以 f、fe 结尾的一般情况的变化以 x，s，sh，ch 结尾的以 e 结尾的goose tooth foot 的复数3.写出单复数同形的词4.即可充
27、当可数名词又可充当不可数名词5.manwomanchild 的复数6.在早上在下午在傍晚在中午在晚上在 8：00 钟7.写出下列单词的复数形式orangeclasstextpianoshelffamilyJapanesefootbedfoxphototomatowomankniferadiochildsheeptoycountry1.There _ on the wall.They are very beautiful.A are photoes B are photos C is a photo D is photos2.That is _ art book.A an B aC theD a
28、re3.The boys have got _A two breadB two breadsC two pieces of breadD two piece of bread4.The old man wants_A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of applesD.six boxs ofapples5.There _ some _in the riverA.is fish B.are fishs C.is fishs D.are fishs6.There _two_in the boxA.is watchB.are w
29、atchesC.are watchD.is watches代词（）1.There is a dog._ is running after a cat.A.He B.It C.Its D.They（）2.A:Excuse _.Where is Lucy.B:_ is hereA.I Her B.me Her C.I She D.me She（）3._is a driver,_work is driving.A.She HerB.His HeC.He HimD.Her Hers（）4 What is that in EnglishA Its egg B Thats egg C Its eggDIt
30、s an egg（）5 _is Peter._ book is newA She Her B His He C He His D Her she（）6 Miss Wang teaches _English.A you B IC usD we写下列词的第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词a.do_ _ _b.go_ _ _c.swim _ _ _d.like _ _ _e.fly_ _ _f.write _ _ _g.see _ _ _h.run _ _ _i.get_ _ _根据括号内所给形式填空。1.Can I help _(she)2.What can I do for _(you)3.Than
31、k _(you)very much.4.You dont need to thank _.(we)5.It is _ job to welcome visitors.(she)6._ dictionaries are very useful.(this)7.This is not _(I).My shirt is blue.8.Look at the dog._(it)tail is brown.9.Boys and girls,open _(you)books and turn to page 18.10.Where are my keysI cant find _(they).第六课 一般
32、现在时一、定义：表示现在或经常发生的事情二、构成：主语+谓语+其他成分（谓语动词用原形第三人称用单数形式）他是一名学生 He is a student她喜欢唱歌 She likes sing我是一名老师 I am a teacher.They usually go to school on foot.他们经常步行去学校总结：当主语是第三人称单数及表示单数的名词时谓语动词用单数He goes to school by bike every day三、标志词：often，usually，always，every+时间Lucy and Lily usually go swimming.Lucy 和
33、Lily 通常去游泳He goes to school by bike every day.他每天乘自行车去学校I get up at six oclock every day.我每天六点起床1）I always tell her about school.我总是告诉她学校的事情。2）I usually show her my homework我经常给她看我的家庭作业。3）I sometimes wash the dishes with her.含有 be 动词的一般现在时的句子He is a student.他是一名学生I am a teacher.我是一名老师The girl is bea
34、utiful 这女孩很漂亮Tim and Jack are students 汤姆和杰克是学生1.变一般疑问句时找到 be（am/is/are）放在句子前，问号加末尾（句子首字母大写）但当人称是第一人称时，把第一人称转化为第二人称。I 变 youwe 变 you am 变 areeg.He is a student变 Is he a studentThe girl is beautiful变 Is the girl beautifulTom and Jack are students变 Are Tim and Jack studentsI am a teacher.变 Are you a te
35、acher2.变否定句:直接在 am,is,are 后加 not当出现人名时，单数男的用 he，女的用 she，动物用 it，多个用 they.He is a studentHe is not a student.I am a teacher.I am not a teacher.Tim and Jack are studentsTim and Jack are not students.3.肯定回答及否定回答Is he a student？Yes,he is.No,he isnt.I am a teacherYes,I am.No,Im not.Tim and Jack are studen
36、tsYes,they are./No,they arent没有 be 动词的:1.变一般疑问句：do 先生和 does 小姐来帮忙a：单数的句前加 does，动词变原形，句末加问号b：复数的句前加 do，动词仍还原，句末加问号。1)She usually goes to school on footDoes she usually go to school on foot2)They usually go to school by bike-Do they usually go to school by bike？3)I usually show her homework-Do you usu
37、ally show her homework4)Jim and Tom go to school by bus-Do Jim and Tom go to school by bus2 肯定回答和否定回答Does she usually go to school on footYes,she does.No,he doesnt-Do they usually go to school by bike？Yes,they do.No,they dont.-Do you usually show her homeworkYes,I do.No,I dont-Do Jim and Tom go to s
38、chool by busYes,they do.No,they dont3 变否定句a：单数的在主语和动词之前加 doesn t，动词变为原形.b:复数的在主语和动词之前加 dontShe usually goes to school on foot.-She usually doesnt go to school on foot.They go to school on foot-They dont go to school on foot.四、情态动词 can may must1.情态动词后加动词原形I can sing 我能唱歌She must be a teacher.You may
39、stay here.你可以呆在这里She can sing.He can give us some food.它能给我们些食物2.否定句在 can 后面直接加 notI can sing/She can sing.I cant sing/She cant sing.She must be a teacher.She mustnt be a teacher.He can give us some food.He cant give us some food.I can sing/She can sing.Can you sing/Can she singYou may stay here.May
40、 I stay here？He can give us some food.Can he give us some food？3.一般疑问句将 can 提前其他照着写4.肯定否定回答l肯定回答：yes，人称+canl否定回答：No，人称+canteg.Can he give us some food？Yes,he can/No,he cantCan she singYes,she can/No,she cant注意：当句中出现人名时要用相应的人称代词1.I want to play table tennis with Ganshan.(将主语改为第二人称单数)2.Tom usually pla
41、ys basketball with my friends.(改为第二人称复数)3.What do you usually do on Sunday(把主语改为 Helen)4She reads books after school.(改为否定句)5.They have the same hobby.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)6.My mother usually goes shopping on Sundays.(同上)7.I usually make clothes in the evening.(划线部分提问)8.He likes watching TV.(同上)根据所给形式填空。1
42、.I_Peter,I_ten year sold.(be)2.Excuse me,_you Mr.Baker(be)3.Tom and Dick _good friends,They _in the same class.(be)4.There_some clouds in the sky.(be)5.Christmas_(come)before the new year.6.I(sleep)eight hours every day.7.Dolar bears_(live)in the North Pole.8.Miss White_(teach)us English.9.Dad _(was
43、h)his car every morning.10.Susan_(go)skating with her father every winter.11.Uncle Joe_(try)his best to learn English.12.It seldom(几乎不)_(snow)here in winter.13.Mr.Le doesnt_(like)butter and cheese.14.My shoes_(be)dirty.They_(need)polishing15.I like collecting Chinese stamps,Iusually(collect)stamps.1
44、6.We(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.My parents_(like)_(read)since magazines.18.Tom usually_(watch)Tv afterschool,he_(like)_(watch)Tv.19.She_(want)to_(go)to the park.第七次课 现在进行时一、定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。二、构成:主语+be+动词 ing现在分词形式u第一人称+am+doing+sthu第二人称+are+doing+sthu第三人称+is+doing+sthI am doing
45、my homework now.我正在做作业Look!The mouse is eating food.看!这只老鼠正在吃东西We are playing basketball.我们在打篮球.三、标志词：now、look、listen四、现在分词变化规则1.直接+ing jump 变为 jumping2.去 e+ingmake 变 making write 变 writing3.以辅元赋辅结尾的单词双写最后的辅音字母加 ingget 变 gettingrun 变 runningswim 变 swimming4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying五、变一般疑问句
46、将 am is are 提前，但 am 要变成 are，I 变成 youI am doing my homework now.变 Are you doing your homework nowLook!The mouse is eating food.变 Look!Is the mouse eating food 变否定句 在 am is are 后直接加 notI am doing my homework now.变 I am not doing my homeworkLook!The mouse is eating food.变 The mouse is not eating food.三
47、肯定/否定回答Yes，人称+is/are/am/No,人称+isnt/arentAre you doing your homework now Yes,I am.No,I am not.Look!Is the mouse eating foodYes,it is.No,it isnt.Are they playing the pianoYes,they are.No,they arent.四特殊疑问句现在进行时的特殊疑问句：what+一般疑问句What are you doingI am doing my homework now.What is the mouse doing？The mou
48、se is eating food.一写出下列词的现在分词playrunswimmakegolikewritereadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakcomegetstopsitbegin二、用词的适当形式填空1.The boy_(draw)a picture now.2.Listen,some girls_(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some food now.4.What_(you)_(do)now.5.Look!They _(have)an English lesson.6.They_(not wa
49、ter)the flower now.7.Look!The girls_(dance)in the classroom.8A:What is our granddaughter doingB:She_(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now.10.A:_Helen_(wash)clothesB:Yes,she is.用词的适当形式填空1.Be quiet.Mom_(sleep)2.It _(rain)outside.Just stay in and do some reading.3.Look!Peter and Susa
50、n _(play)on the seesaw(跷跷板).4.Bob and Jack _(swim)now.What fun they have!5.Mark_(write)a paper these days.把下列句子变一般疑问句及否定句1.They are doinghousework.2.The students are cleaning the room.(一般疑问句并肯否定回答)3.Im playing the football in the playground.(划线部分提问)4.Tom is reading books in his study.(划线部分提问)第八次课 一般