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1、高考英语高频词汇短语句式通关练Unit 3Food and CultureSection A：题型练笔精讲What is a true winner?We may be very familiar with Honda Motors.But do you know the real story of how 1 it was for Mr.Soichiro Honda to establish Honda Motors? In 1938,Soichiro Honda was still in school,when he started a little workshop.His 2
2、 was to sell piston rings(活塞环)to Toyota.He 3 night and day,and slept in the workshop,believing he could 4 his design and produce a worthy product.Then,came the day he 5 his piston ring and was able to take a working sample(样本) to Toyota,only to be told that the rings did not meet their 6!Soichiro we
3、nt back to school and suffered teasing(嘲笑) when the engineers laughed at his design.7,he refused to give up.Rather than 8 his failure,he continued working towards his 9.After two more years of 10 and redesign,he won a contract(合同) with Toyota.By now,Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply
4、 Toyota,but building materials were in short 11.Again he would not quit!He invented a special process that 12 him to build the factory.But unfortunately,an earthquake destroyed the factory.Was he ready to give up now?No!Soichiro Honda 13 to 18,000 bicycle shop owners and,in a(n) 14 letter,asked them
5、 to help him.5,000 15 and advanced him what little money they could offer to build his tiny bicycle engines.And gradually the company got great success.Today,Honda Corporation is one of the worlds largest automobile companies. 1.A.challengingB.exciting C.shockingD.disappointing2.A.promiseB.excu
6、se C.faithD.plan3.A.fixedB.examined C.labouredD.organized4.A.meetB.perfect C.breakD.confirm5.A.choseB.prepared C.completedD.advertised6.A.agreementsB.explanations C.servicesD.standards7.A.ThereforeB.Moreover C.HoweverD.Instead8.A.focus onB.depend upon C.sum upD.cast away9.A.loveB.concern C.goalD.req
7、uest10.A.struggleB.progress C.excitementD.research11.A.orderB.supply C.appreciateD.discover12.A.forcedB.forbade C.taughtD.enabled13.A.beggedB.wrote C.questionedD.promised14.A.inspiringB.interesting C.caringD.surprising15.A.respondedB.interrupted C.predictedD.repeatedB.If you come across an 85-year-o
8、ld woman walking slowly with a walker in the Childrens Hospital of Soochow University,dont take her as a patient.Instead,she is a doctor 1 still insists working in the hospital. Sheng Jinyun,born in 1935,a famous expert in pediatric asthma (儿科哮喘),2 (treat)about 30,000 children suffering asthma
9、so far.She is known 3 “the most beautiful grandma doctor” by others.Currently,she stills sees 40 4 (patient) every day.Sheng has always stuck to her post though she had two bones 5 (break) in a fall a month ago.So now she can only walk with 6 help of a walker.Others dont understand her.In their eyes
10、,she 7 (expect)to live a peaceful life in this old age.But she wants to cure more children. One of Shengs most 8 (impress) experiences happened in her 50s.She saw 146 patients from 7:45 am to 9:45 pm that day,9 (eat) nothing except some milk.Though awarded the “lifelong 10 (achieve) physician i
11、n pediatries” at the 24th Congress of Chinese Pediatric Society in this October,Sheng seems not proud at all.She said it was her goal to be a diligent person and a good doctor. Section B：重点词汇精讲1.祈使句+连词+陈述句Tell me what you eat,and I will tell you what you are.告诉我你吃什么,我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。知识运用(1)In any
12、 unsafe situation,simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. (2)Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. (3)(look) at the photos,illustrations,title and headings,you can guess what the reading is about. 知
13、识延伸(1)“祈使句+连词+陈述句”中常用的连词有:and,or,so。(2)祈使句句首的动词用原形,陈述句的谓语常用一般将来时。2.prior adj.先前的;优先的Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.来中国之前,我只在美国接触过中式烹饪,那里的中国食物已被改变,以适应美国人的口味。知识运用(1)Nowadays the (prior) for
14、 travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. (2)如果一个人将金钱置于其他事物之前的话,那他很可能无法享受生活中的快乐。If a person places money anything else,its very likely that he could not enjoy the happiness in life. (3)所有安排都应在你离开之前完成。All the arrangements should be completed . 知识延伸(1)prior to在之前的(2)prio
15、r warning/notice/discussion预先警告/通知/讨论prior agreement/arrangement事先协议/安排(3)近义词:previous;before(4)priority n.优先考虑的事情3.consist vi.由组成For example,Americas most popular Chinese dish is General Tsos chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers例如,在美国最受欢迎的中
16、国菜是“左宗棠鸡”,它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱,再佐以炒过的红辣椒制成。知识运用(1)Rock music consists many different styles. (2)Listening is thus an active,not a passive,behavior (consist) of hearing,understanding and remembering. (3)He belongs to a team (consist) of 15 members. (4)He belongs to a team (make) up of 15 membe
17、rs. 知识延伸consist of由组成近义短语:be made up ofbe comprised ofbe composed ofconsist of不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。4.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的In each place we went,we experienced wonderful local dishes,from Guangdongs elegant dim sumsmall servings of food in bamboo steamersto the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan.
18、我们每到一处,都会品尝当地美食,从广东的精致点心那是放在竹蒸笼里蒸出来的小份食品,到河南独特的烩面。知识运用(1)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an (exception) museum in Shanghai. (2)The law applies to all European countries.Britain is no (except). (3)他五岁时就表现出非凡的音乐家才能。At the age of five he showed as a musician.&#
19、160;知识延伸(1)exceptional speed罕见的速度exceptional talent非凡的才能exceptional circumstances特殊情况exceptional intelligence非凡的智力exceptional imagination非凡的想象力(2)exception n.例外make an exception 破例(3)except prep.除之外5.minimum adj.最低(限度)的;最小的n.最小值;最少量At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what the
20、y grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like. 至少,当地人消耗的食物种类告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的好恶。知识运用(1)这是完善循环的最低限度人数。That is the necessary to complete the circuit. (2)当我们睡着时,呼吸次数最少,因为人睡着时对氧气的需求量很小。When we are asleep,the rate of breathing is because the need
21、for oxygen is then very small. (3)修理你的汽车最少要100美元。Repairing your car will cost 100 dollars. 知识延伸(1)be at a minimum 处于最小限度at the minimum of cost以最低的成本keep.to a minimum把保持在最低限度reduce/bring.to a minimum 把减少到最小/低限度a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格the minimum age for retirement退休的最低年龄(2)maximum adj.
22、最高(限度)的;最大的n.最大值;最多量6.consume vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗;烧毁At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like.至少,当地人消耗的食物种类告诉我们该地区种植什么作物、人们过着怎样的生活以及他们的好恶。知识运用(1)The fire quickly (consume) the wooden hut. (
23、2)We need more feedback from the (consume) in order to improve our goods. (3)He was advised to reduce his alcohol (consume). 知识延伸(1)consume large amounts of fossil fuels消耗大量的矿物燃料consume a large quantity of alcohol喝大量的酒a time-consuming job 一项费时间的工作energy-consuming labor 很耗体力的劳动(2)consumer n
24、.消费者;顾客consumption n.(食材或能量)的消耗7.somewhat adv.有点;稍微How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?湖南菜和四川菜是如何略有不同的?知识运用anyhow,somehow,somewhat(1)Our team had better players,but we still lost the game. (2)I may fail,but I will try . (3)I was surprised to see him. (4)The pr
25、ice was somewhat higher than Id expected. (5)I could have finished it on time,but somehow I fell behind. 知识延伸(1)somewhat相当于a little,a bit(2)somehow adv.不知怎么地;不知为什么(3)anyhow=anyway 无论如何;不管怎样8.association n.协会;关联 Journal of the American Medical Association,20142014年美国医学会杂志知识运用(1)As a resul
26、t,she says,some of the injuries (associate) with running,such as runners knee,are uncommon among race walkers. (2)I have never associated you this place. (3)He belongs to a trade (associate). (4)Generally speaking,roses (associate) with romance. (5)He has no association with this
27、 project. 知识延伸(1)the teachers association教师协会The British Medical Association英国医学协会National Basketball Association(NBA)美国国家篮球协会professional associations专业协会an association between A and BA和B之间的联系(2)associate vt.联系;(使)关联associate.with. 把和联系起来be associated with 与有联系9.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会This is
28、true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.无论他们饮食的其他方面多么健康,都确实如此。知识运用用regardless of或in spite of填空(1)We went out the rain. (2)We worked all day the cold weather. (3)Our club is open to everyone age,sex or educational background. (4)This special school accepts all di
29、sabled students, educational level and background. (5)无论你选择什么课程,你都能快速有效地发展你的语言能力。 of course,youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. 知识延伸(1)regardless of cost/expense 不计成本regardless of the result/consequence不计后果regardless of ones ability不管能力如何regardless of ones rac
30、e or nationality不管种族和国籍(2)in spite of尽管10.quantity n.数量;数额Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients相比新鲜食材,加工食品通常营养成分较低,糖分、盐分和脂肪含量更高。知识运用(1)A large quantity of water (waste) every year. (2)Large quantities of water (waste
31、) every year. (3)A lot of fresh vegetables are delivered to supermarkets today. fresh vegetables are delivered to supermarkets today. (4)你的工作在数量和质量上都有提高。Your work has improved . 知识延伸(1)a small quantity of 少量large quantities of大量的(修饰不可数或复数名词,谓语动词用复数)a large quantity of大量的(修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用
32、单数,修饰复数名词时谓语动词用复数)Section C：习题运用一：单句填空1.Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly (consist) of sand. 2.I recommend him without reservation,as I believe you will appreciate his (exception) ability in his studies. 3.(consume) rather than saving
33、 has become the central feature of contemporary societies. 4.The support of our members is of great importance to the (associate). 5.Close the door of fear behind you,and you (see) the door of faith open before you. 6.All of the basketball players made full preparations prior the matc
34、h yesterday. 7.She always travels first-class regardless expense. 8.Before buying,it is up the consumers to judge the safety and effectiveness of such items. 9.The results are entirely (consist) with our earlier research. 10.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1
35、990s and (remain) around that level ever since.二：文章填空 chew,consume,category,consist of,quantities of,regardless ofFood and healthy eating is a lasting and universal topic.So what does healthy eating 1.?As far as I am concerned,the key lies in different 2. of food in moderation.Many people 3. 4.
36、 junk food 5. the outcome.Besides,eat your meals slowly and 6. your food carefully.All in all,we should have a wise attitude towards food.After all,we eat to live but not live to eat. 三：写作1.随着生活水平的提高,越来越多的人,尤其是孩子,已经饱受肥胖(obesity)之苦。2.为了解决这个问题,首先,我们需要均衡膳食,包括水果、蔬菜和肉类。(in order to,consist of)3.我们还要
37、减少富含糖和脂肪的食物的摄入量,它们容易让我们胖起来。(cut down on,which引导的定语从句)4.务必进行有规律的锻炼,它对我们的身心有益。(do表示强调,benefit) Section D：校对查漏一：习题1.A结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述本田宗一郎创建本田汽车集团的艰难经历。所以句意为“但你知道本田宗一郎面临(巨大)挑战创建本田汽车的真实故事吗?”challenging“有挑战性的”;exciting“激动人心的”;shocking“令人震惊的”;disappointing“令人失望的”。2.D结合下文的内容可知,上学期间的本田宗一郎就有着“计划”。所以句意为“他
38、的计划是卖活塞环给丰田。”promise“诺言”;excuse“借口”;faith“信念”;plan“计划,打算”。3.C结合上下文可知,句意为“他夜以继日地工作,睡在车间里。”fix“修理”;examine“检查”;labour“劳动,苦干”;organize“组织”。4.B结合下文内容可知,这里表示“相信自己可以完善自己的设计,做出有价值的产品。”meet“遇见,满足”;perfect“使完美;使熟练”;break“打破,骨折”;confirm“确认”。5.C结合上下文可知,句意为“然后,活塞环(制作)完成的这一天终于到来了。”choose“选择”;prepare“准备”;complete
39、“完成”;advertise“做广告”。6.D结合上下文可知,句意为“但是丰田公司却告诉他,他的产品不符合他们的标准(standard)。”7.C结合上下句的句意可知,这里表示转折关系。句意:回到学校,他遭到了嘲笑。但他并没有放弃。8.A结合上下文可知,句意为“他没有把注意力放在失败上,而是继续朝着自己的目标努力。”focus on“聚焦于”;depend upon“依赖于”;sum up“总结归纳”;cast away“丢掉,浪费”。9.C解析见上一题。本田宗一郎的目标(goal)就是把自己设计生产的活塞环卖给丰田公司。10.A结合上下文可知,句意为“经过两年的奋斗和重新设计,他赢得了与丰田
40、的合同。”struggle“拼搏,奋斗”;progress“进步”;excitement“激动,兴奋”;research“研究”。11.Bin short supply为固定搭配,表示“供应不足;缺乏”,这里指建造工厂遇到麻烦,建筑材料“供应不足”。12.D结合上文可知,句意为“他发明了一种特殊的工艺使他能够建造这个工厂。” 13.B结合下文的内容及出现的名词letter可知,这里表示他写信给18,000名自行车店主。14.A正是因为这封信是“鼓舞人心的”,才会有下文自行车店主们的响应借钱给他。15.A上文中的“.to 18,000 bicycle shop owners”与这里的“5,000
41、 ”相呼应,上文提到的是“写信”,这里自然就是“回复”。 1.who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句为限定性定语从句,先行词是a doctor,定语从句中缺少主语,指人,故用who/that。2.has treated考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句中so far意为“到现在为止”,是现在完成时的标志,据此可知,此处用现在完成时,由于主语Shen Jinyun表示单数概念,且与动词treat构成主动关系,故用现在完成时的主动语态。3.as考查固定搭配。be known as为固定搭配,表示“作为而出名”。注意be known for意为“由于而出名”,根据句意可知应该
42、用as。4.patients考查名词。patient为可数名词,意为“病人”,根据“40”可知,应用名词的复数形式,故填patients。5.broken考查非谓语动词。此处是考查“have sth done”这一结构,表示“某事被做”,其中过去分词done与前面的名词sth之间构成被动关系。这里表示的是“一个月前她摔断了两根骨头。”6.the考查冠词。with the help of为固定搭配,表示“在的帮助下”。7.is expected考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。人们期望她晚年过平静的生活。句中主语she与动词expect之间构成被动关系,表示“她被人们期望”,由于此处描述的是现在的情
43、况,且主语she表示单数概念,故用一般现在时的被动语态is expected。8.impressive考查形容词。根据后面的名词experiences可知,此处需要用形容词,同时结合前面的most可知,此处是表示形容词的最高级形式,故填impressive。9.eating考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的saw为谓语动词,故空格处需要采用非谓语动词的形式,由于动词eat与其逻辑主语she之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。10.achievement考查名词。这里表示“虽然被授予了终身成就儿科医生奖”,lifelong为形容词,表示“终身的”,其后需要跟名词,故用achieve
44、ment。二：词汇运用1.(1)press(2)and(3)Looking2.(1)priority(2)prior to(3)prior to your departure3.(1)of(2)consisting(3)consisting(4)made4.(1)exceptional(2)exception(3)exceptional talent5.(1)minimum number(2)at a minimum(3)a minimum of6.(1)consumed(2)consumers(3)consumption7.(1)somehow(2)anyhow(3)somewhat(4)这
45、价格比我预料的稍高一些。(5)我本来能够按时完成的,但不知怎么地落后了。8.(1)associated(2)with(3)association(4)are associated(5)他和这项工程没有关系。9.(1)in spite of(2)in spite of(3)regardless of(4)regardless of(5)Regardless of your choice10.(1)is wasted(2)are wasted(3)Large quantities of(4)in quantity and quality三：习题运用一.1.consisting2.exception
46、al3.Consumption/Consuming 4.association5.will see6.to7.of8.to9.consistent 10.has remained二.1.consist of2.categories3.consume4.quantities of 5.regardless of6.chew三.With peoples living standard continuing to rise,an increasing number of people,especially children,have suffered from obesity.In order to deal with the problem,first of all,we need to have a balanced diet consisting of fruits,vegetables and meat.Besides,cut down on the amount of food containing too much sugar and fat,which will get us to put on weight easily.Meanwhile,do h