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1、Lecture 13:Listening Barriers第十三讲：听力障碍Part II:Listening Comprehension of Long Sentences第第二二小小节节：长长句句听听力力理理解解Try to understand the following sentence:A friend is someone who likes the same things that you do,who you can argue with and not lose your temper,even if you dont always agree about things.01
2、01Features of Long Sentences0202CONTENTSCONTENTSWays to Cope with Long Sentences1.Knowledge of sentence structure of long sentences2.Listening to speech of appropriate rate1.Long sentences with complex grammar2.Fast speech with few pauses0101Features of Long Sentences1.Features of Long Sentences Lon
3、g sentences with complex grammar Fast speech with few pauses1.Features of Long Sentences (CNN)Britains parliament has rejected the terms of the agreement between its government and the European Union and a Brexit without an agreement also called a No Deal Brexit or a crashing out by Britain has a lo
4、t of opponents because it would come with uncertainty about issues like trade,immigration,borders,laws;and it could lead to a temporary downturn in the British economy.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences02022.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences 1)Knowledge of sentence structure of long sentencesA.Compound
5、 sentenceB.Complex sentenceC.Compound complex sentence2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences 1)Knowledge of sentence structure of long sentences A.Compound sentenceA compound sentence is made of two simple sentences joined by a conjunction.并列句=简单句+并列连词+简单句Linking words:（转折）but,or,yet,on the contrary（选择）
6、eitheror,neithernor,（平行）and,not onlybut alsoas well as（因果）for,so,therefore,thus2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences 1)Knowledge of sentence structure of long sentences B.Complex sentence一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。A complex sentence is made of a sentence containing at least one main clause and one subordinat
7、e clause.Noun clause名词性从句I heard that Jane had returned to London.Attributive clause定语从句The city which we are visiting today is Wuhan.Adverbial clause状语从句They left while the orchestra was still playing.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Noun clause名词性名词性从句从句a.Subject clause主语从句b.Object clause宾语从句c.A
8、ppositive clause同位语从句2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Noun clause名词性名词性从句从句a.Subject clauseDefinition:the subject clause serves as the subject in the complex sentence.E.g.:That he is still alive is sheer luck.Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.Whatever I do is wrong.How we find it i
9、s unknown.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Noun clause名词性名词性从句从句a.Subject clauseIt做形式主语E.g.:Its necessary that you take an umbrella.It is obvious what we must do.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Noun clause名词性名词性从句从句b.Object clauseDefinition:the object clause serves as the object in the complex
10、sentence.E.g.:I believe that you can beat him.I found out that he had finished the job.I told you that I could get high marks in English.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Noun clause名词性名词性从句从句c.Appositive clauseDefinition:An appositive is a noun or a noun phrase that sits next to another noun to re
11、name it or to describe it in another way.E.g.:We received the order that we should finish this task at once.The idea came to his mind that he had put his key in the drawer.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Attributive clause定语从句定语从句Definition:an attributive clause is a subordinate clause used as at
12、tributive,which follows an antecedent.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Attributive clause定语从句定语从句E.g.:The boys who are playing football are from Class One.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sente
13、nces Adverbial clause状语从句状语从句Definition:The adverbial clause is a dependent clause that is used as an adverb.2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Adverbial clause状语从句状语从句句子类型连接词时间状语从句When,after,as,before,during the time,as soon as,immediately,once,since,while地点状语从句Where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere方式状
14、语从句as,in the way that,the same as,as if,as though原因状语从句Because,as,since,seeing that条件状语从句Assuming that,if,on condition that,provided that,so long as,unless让步状语从句Although,considering,though,even if,much as,while,whereas,however good,no matter how目的状语从句So that,in order that,in case,for fear that结果状语从句
15、Sothat,suchthat,few/littlethat比较状语从句Asas,not so/asas,morethan,lessthan2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences Adverbial clause状语从句状语从句1.When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.2.Always do to the others as you would be done by.3.He would not be unhappy though he should have to l
16、ive alone.4.It is such a bad guy that we dont believe him at all.Time MannerConcession Result2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences 1)Knowledge of sentence structure of long sentences C.Compound complex sentence Definition:a compound complex sentence is made up of more than one sentence joined by a conj
17、unction,and at least one of those sentences is complex.Focus on finding the subject and predicate.(CNN)Britains parliament has rejected the terms of the agreement between its government and the European Union and a Brexit without an agreement also called a No Deal Brexit or a crashing out by Britain
18、 has a lot of opponents because it would come with uncertainty about issues like trade,immigration,borders,laws;and it could lead to a temporary downturn in the British economy.(CNN)Britains parliament has rejected the terms of the agreement between its government and the European Union and;and it c
19、ould lead to a temporary downturn in the British economy.英国议会拒绝了政府与欧盟达成的协议，而在没有协议的情况下脱欧，又称“无协议脱欧”或硬脱欧，遭到了很多人的反对，因为这会导致贸易、移民、边界、法律等问题面临不确定性，还会导致英国经济陷入暂时低迷。2.Ways to Cope with Long Sentences 2)Listening to speech of appropriate rate Adjust the rate to suit your level.Student LevelRecommended Rate(wpm)
20、Entry110-120Intermediate to High200A friend is someone who likes the same things that you do,who you can argue with and not lose your temper,even if you dont always agree about things.朋友是那么一群人，他们与你趣味相投，即使有时与你意见不同而争辩起来，也不会乱发脾气。(提示：定语从句，状语从句)Thanks for listening!王敏华 陈希茹.2015.大学英语专题听力新闻.上海：上海外语教育出版社.何高大 甘荣辉.2016.大学英语新闻听力教程.北京：外语教学与研究出版社.参考书目参考书目