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1、2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题（阅读理解）：选句补全短文一.选句补全短文（共10小题）1. （2020成都）Close friends, think alike?nWhat!You too? I believed I was the only one. uHave you ever said something like this to someone? （1） It seems that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, nPeople regard friends
2、hip as a matter of similarity； they say that we love those who are like ourselves. （2） Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American reported.The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test. Each student watched the same set of
3、 videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. （3）According to their scansy friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos, especially parts that are connected with motivation （动机），learning and memory. （4
4、） Seeing ones friends have similar behaviors will reinforce （强化）one*s own values, opinions , and interests , lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. （5） Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone.
5、 The scientists did a test with first - year college students the first time they met in class. In this test, students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends.A. Now, there is some science behind this idea.B. If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.C. F
6、riends share a lot of similarities, though there are some differences.D. But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship.E. However, people who werent friends had different reactions to the same videos.F. At the same time, scientists scanned their brains and recorded their b
7、rain activity.2. （2021 济南模拟）Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them. （1） But they can improve the skills they have and develop new ones. Whats your opinion?In fact, this is related to oners mindset （思维模式）.Dr. Carol Dweck, apsychology （心理学
8、）professor at Stanford University, has discovered that people with a fixed mindset solve problems in a much different way from those with a growth mindset.Dr. Dweck found people with a fixed mindset care about grades. When they make mistakes, they think it means theyYe not smart. （2） Theyre afraid o
9、f challenges, because if they dont do well, they may look dumb. People with a growth mindset, on the otherhand care about learning, not grades. They learn from mistakes by trying different ways to solveproblems or asking for help.(3). They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better inm
10、ath； those with a fixed mindset do worse. Why? Kids with both mindsets do well in primaryschool, but middle school math is much harder. So while the growth - mindset kids embrace (拥抱)the challenge and work harder, the fixed - mindset kids may just give up. (4) But Dwecks team discovered something ev
11、en more important than that. They found that, withsome work, kids can choose to have a growth mindset and do better in school. Everyone has someof each type of mindset. (5) When you hear your fixed mindset voicetelling you that youre dumb, or that youll look stupid if you ask for help or that learni
12、ng a newskill is hard, talk back to it! Then you really can get smarter by working hard, practicing andchallenging yourself!A. Some people believe that everyone in the world is smart.B. As a result, their grades drop.C. They also care about how smart they look.D. Some hold the belief that not everyo
13、ne can become a genius (天才).E. Dwecks team found fixed - mindset kids cant do well in primary school.F. They are just like two kinds of voices in your head.G. Dweck and her team did a research among middle school students.3. (2018枣阳市模拟)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选 项中有一项为多余选项.Nowadays, the food tha
14、t you buy comes from many different countries. Have a look in your fridge, cupboard, and fruit bowl and check the origins (来源) of the food. Perhaps there are apples from California, lamb from New Zealand, or potatoes from Egypt? ( 1) This journey, from field to plate*1, is called ”food miles,. (2) N
15、owadays, food often travels thousands of miles to get to the consumer (消费者). Why is this, and what are the effects of these long distances?Traditionally, farmers sold their food in the local market, so the food didnt have to travel very far. The consumers also did not travel very far because they we
16、nt to their local market to buy the food . This was a good system for farmers and consumers. (3) For example, consumers could only buy food that farmers produced locally . In addition ， they could only get food that was in season . Now, because of modem technology, food comes from all over the world
17、. (4) They are available in winter if we want.(5) This is because they have difficult climates(气候).The United Arab Emirates(UAE) for example gets 85% of its food from other countries. Even food made in the UAE often uses imported materials.A. However, there were some disadvantages.B. You will probab
18、ly be surprised how far food travels to get to your plate.C. Some countries have to import (进 口) most of their food.D. Whats wrong with food miles”？E. We do not have to wait for spring or summer to buy strawberries or tomatoes.F. A food mile is the distance that food travels from the farmers field t
19、o the person who buys the food.4. (2021 兰州模拟)Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself.Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival (幸存；存活)in an earthq
20、uake go up if you can keep calm. ) 46) (47) You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The I kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.(48)Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in
21、 a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea* try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby (49) For example, gas fire often comes with an earthqua
22、ke. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area.Remember to always hope fbr the best but prepare I for the worst.阅读以上短文，从文后方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使文意通顺、正确；根据 一文内容回答第50小题.A. If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can.B. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.C. If
23、you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed.D. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty on danger.50. What is the passage mainly about? A. The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.B. The ways to stay away from tall buildings.C. The ways to stay calm
24、.D. The ways to move outdoors to an open area.5. (2021 吉林三模)Dear daughter,You are a wonderful person and your mother and I love you.It will not be long before you leave home to make your way in the world.Can I please give you some friendly advice? Here are some things that you should never do.(1) Yo
25、u are great and able to achieve great things so believe in yourself.When things go badly, never stop believing.Some girls get upset and lose confidence(自信).And then all kinds of problems can follow.(2) We think you look great.Please be happy with the person you are and the body you have.Eat well, ta
26、ke exercise and be healthy.Some girls become upset because they try to lose weight or get the perfect shape.You look fine.(3) Never spend money more than your income (收入)and save a little everymonth.Dont borrow others money if possible.(4) We are very proud of what you have succeeded so far.You shou
27、ld be proud, too.Keep doing well.Keep trying your hardest at everything you do.No one can ask for more than that.(5) Whatever happens in life, your family will still be your family .Whatever difficulties you have, you can always talk to us and we will try to help.We are here for you.(a)根据短文内容从方框中选出相
28、匹配的选项。A.Never Get Upset With Your Looks.B.Never Forget That Your Parents Love You.C.Never Look Down Upon Yourself.D.Never Give Less Than Your Best.E.Never Spend Money More Than Your Income.(b)根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。A father gives his friendly advice to his daughter.You are great and able to make your d
29、reams (1)true.Be (2)with the person you are and the body you have.Never spend more money than your income and save a (3) every month!Try your ( 4 ) at everything you do.Nomatter (5) happens in life, your family will still be your family.6. (2021 船营区模拟)Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In f
30、act, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.(1) Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 per
31、cent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful (警 觉的) than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.(2)Scientists at Harvard University found that more than 50 percent of the shy people had brothers and sisters. It might because they go
32、t less attention from their parents.(3) When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They foundsurprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel only one of three people said so. It might because Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure (失败).I
33、n Japan , when people do not succeed , they blame (责 备) themselves, while Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family* friends, or bad luck.(4) For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class and find a job. You could lose things and the opportunities you woul
34、d enjoy.(5) But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. Preparing things to talk about before youre in a social situation is also a good way to reduce shyness.(a)根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意。A. Ways to overcome your shyness.B. Some shyness i
35、s genetic (遗传的).C. The disadvantages of being shy.D. Family size might cause people to be shy.E. The place where you were bom may make you shy. (b)根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。ShynessShyness is very common among people. These days, scientists are becoming interested ( 1) shyness. They try to find out the rea
36、son why some people are shy.Many scientists believe that shyness is genetic because they find some babies are (2) to be shy. Moreover scientists at Harvard University find that family (3)can cause a person to be shy, for (4)fifty percent shy people have brothers and sisters. When scientists study sh
37、yness in different places, it turns out that the place where a person is bom may make a person shy.Being shy has many disadvantages. You may lose the things you like and opportunities. But dont worry. Scientists also suggest some ways to (5) shyness.7. (2021 长沙模拟)In 2020, the 109 , 000 residential (
38、住宅的) fires in China causedmore than 500 injuries and 900 deaths. You can prevent fire - related deaths and injuries,and even most residential fires by knowing about fire safety. (1) Fire safety escape planA fire safety escape plan tells everyone what to do if your home catches fire. Your family need
39、s to design an escape plan for your home. (2) When you discuss with your family, it is a good idea to talk about each persons responsibilities in case of a fire, such as who helps whom out of the house.Fire safety and kids(3) Children cause thousands of residential fires each year, most of which are
40、 caused by children playing with matches. You need to teach your children to obey the following fire safety rules： (4) Always have an adults help when cooking.Always STOP, DROP, and ROLL, if you or your clothes catch fire.Fire safety and your homeElectrical fires are the most common type of resident
41、ial fires in China. Electric heaters and clothes dryers are responsible for most of residential electrical fires. If a fire happens, shut off the electricity, put out small fires with your home fire extinguisher (灭 火器).Do not put water on electrical fires. (5) Call 119 and report the fire.A. Never p
42、lay with matches or lightersB. Fire safety education begins with childrenC. Do not try to deal with large fires by yourselfD.The escape plan needs to be known by everyone in your familyE.Protect you and your family by making an escape plan and learning fire safety.8. (2021永定区模拟)阅读短文，从A-E五个句子中选择正确选项还
43、原到文中，使短文 内容完整正确.A couple of years ago, I went to Australia for a meeting with my friend, Chris. We decided to drive across country to Brisbane after the meeting ended. The drive was going to take four days and most of it was across the desert, (96) . The first day was a lot of fun as we were excited
44、 and laughing at each others stupid jokes. By the third day of driving in the seemingly endless desert, we began to get bored. We had been quiet for a few hours when in the distance Chris found some kangaroos. We were both excited and decided to get a closer look. (97) We got closer and closer, and
45、Chris was doing 110 kilometers per hour. We were very close to the kangaroos - too close - when we heard a loud BANG!Chris stopped the car and we got out. Behind the car was a larger kangaroo lying completely still on the ground. (98)He took off his sunglasses and put them on the kangaroo and did th
46、e same with his jacket. Then he put his arm around the kangaroo and told me to take a photo of them together. (99) While I was focusing the camera, I saw the kangaroo move. It suddenly woke up, looked at Chris, and jumped away into the distance before we could do anything.I started laughing but Chri
47、s looked very serious. (100) I started laughing even harder. I stopped laughingy however, when he said that our car keys were also in the jacket!A. I was still surprised, but I took out my cameraB. He said his wallet and passport were in the jacket.C. In order to get there in three days, we drove ve
48、ry fast.D. so we had to take food, water, and extra gas with us.E. Chris went over to the kangaroo and put his baseball cap on its head.9. (2020工业园区二模)Do you want to be happier? WelL you can do something about it. Some psychologists (心理学家)believe that 10% of your happiness is due to life conditions and 40% is the result of your own choices. Your own choices include how you manage your time at school, your relationships, your friends, your activities and your health. So you have a lot of control over how happy you feel. (1) Here are some tips on how to do that.Surround