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1、考点16 被动语态命题趋势： 动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。中考考查重点：1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。被动语态考向一：被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by. )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by)English isn t spoken by people here.
2、 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by.)?Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史
3、是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候
4、完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The ro
5、ad was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来
6、之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三：被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was
7、 published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from I
8、taly. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四：主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）。The famous professor gave
9、two lectures in English.Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时
10、，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.He is called Li Hua.
11、 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语
12、）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五：主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用
13、主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，requi
14、re，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调宾，用 be加上过去分。be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to最称心。唯有原宾是复合，只有变宾要当心。原句宾补变主补，
15、位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。如若情态后带to，变后有to才弄准。短语动词变被动，相当及物莫疑心。不过其后介或副，变后还得要承认。用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Nearly everybody here_（know）when the old museum_ （build）.2. The building can_（see）from every part of the city; It _（build）many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom_（tell）me that his bike_（break）last week.4. The stu
16、dents _ often_（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.5. Now he_（be）asked if the meeting_（hold）next Friday.6. It is known to all that the moon_（turn）round the earth.7. Miss Li often_（use）a recorder in her English class. But she_（not use）it tomorrow.8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits_（sell）in this
17、shop.9. English_（speak）here.10. The song_（like）by us all twenty years ago.11._ the pair of new shoes_（suit）you?12. The bottle_（break）by the cat yesterday.13. A tall tree_（can , see）in the picture.14. The sports meeting_（hold）last week.15. We_（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from
18、Australia.16. Look, Mr Smith_（take）to the station by Mark in his car.17. These trees should_（water）after they_（plant）.18. The TV set_（make）in Beijing. It _（make）last April.19. Colour TVs_（sell）in that shop.20. When the Peoples Republic of China_（found）?【答案】1. knows, was built
19、 2. be seen, was built 3. told, was broken 4. are, told 5. is, will be held 6. turns 7. uses , wont use &
20、#160; 8. are sold 9. is spoken 10. was liked 11. Does ,suit 12. was broken 13. can be seen
21、 14. was held 25. were told 16. is being taken 17. be watered , are planted 18. is made , was made
22、; 19. are sold 20. was founded 1. 【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】It's reported that 31 of the brave young men _ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for.A. had killedB. ki
23、lledC. were killed【答案】C【解析】句意：据报道31名勇敢的年轻人在四川的一场森林大火中丧生。我不知道他们是谁，但是我知道他们为了谁。考查被动语态。had killed过去完成时；killed杀死，过去式或过去分词形式；were killed 一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，that从句中的主语31 of the brave young men与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，A和B都不对。故选C。2.【2020 黑龙江绥化】The old lady _ the hospital in time at last.A. is taken toB. took toC. was
24、 taken to【答案】C【解析】句意：那位老妇人最后被及时送往医院。考查一般过去时被动语态。is taken to一般现在时被动语态；took to一般过去时；was taken to一般过去时被动语态。根据句子结构，主语old lady与谓语动词take之间是被动关系，且“被及时送往医院”这个事情发生在过去，所以此空应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构。主语old lady是单数，所以空格处填was taken to。故选C。3.【2020 贵州省安顺市】 Krystal, do you know how tea is produced? Yes. When tea l
25、eaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then _ for processing.A. sendB. are sentC. were sent【答案】B【解析】句意：克里斯托，你知道茶叶是怎么生产的吗？ 是的。茶叶准备好后，用手采摘，然后送去加工。考查一般现在时的被动语态。A. send动词原形；B. are sent一般现在时的被动语态；C. were sent一般过去时的被动语态。根据前半句they are picked by和常识可知，茶叶的加工生产都是人来操作的，故茶叶与动词send之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
26、4. 【2020黑龙江哈尔滨市】 What language _ in Canada?Both English and French.A. is spokenB. speaksC. is speaking【答案】A【解析】句意：加拿大说什么语言？英语和法语。考查一般现在时的被动语态。A：一般现在时的被动语态；B：一般现在时的动词三单；C：现在进行时。分析语意可知，此处陈述事实，时态是一般现在时，又因为主语language是动作speak的承受者，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。5.【2020 吉林省】How delicious the cake is! It_ by my grandmo
27、ther this morning.A. madeB. is madeC. was made【答案】C【解析】句意：蛋糕好美味！是今天早上我的祖母做的蛋糕。考查动词的时态和语态。made动词的一般过去式；is made动词的一般现在时的被动；was made动词的一般过去时态的被动。根据this morning可知是过去的动作，用一般过去时态，it指的是蛋糕，和动词“制作”之间是被动关系，动词用was made。故选C。6.【2020 南通市】As soon as books _, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Prima
28、ry School.A. are raisedB. were raisedC. raisedD. have raised【答案】B【解析】句意：书一被筹集好，志愿者们就给希望小学的学生们寄去了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。A. are raised表一般现在时被动语态；B. were raised表一般过去时被动语态；C. raised表一般过去时；D. have raised表现在完成时。从句主语books和谓语raise之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态，C、D选项可排除。根据英语语法，as soon as引导时间状语从句时，主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时或过去完成时。该句主句为一般过去时，
29、故从句应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。7.【2020 无锡市】The bush fires in Australia _ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead.A. were run outB. run outC. were put outD. put out【答案】C【解析】句意：澳大利亚的丛林大火在几个月后被扑灭，造成了数以百万计的动物死亡。考查一般过去时的被动语态及动词短语辨析。run out耗尽；put out扑灭。根据句意可知，这里指的是大火被扑灭，又因讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。8.【20
30、20 盐城市】It is said that Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway in December, 2020.A. completeB. is completedC. was completedD. will be completed【答案】D【解析】句意：据了解，盐城至南通高速铁路将于2020年12月建成。考查被动语态。complete完成，动词原形；is completed一般现在时的被动语态；was completed一般过去时的被动语态；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句主语Yancheng-Nanto
31、ng High-speed Railway与动词complete是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A；再根据句中的in December, 2020可知是将来的一个时间，因此应用一般将来时态。故选D。9.【2020 扬州市】Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi?Sure. Thousands of baozza_ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next month.A. will makeB. makesC. was madeD. will be made【答案】D【解析】句意：
32、你吃过包萨吗？一种披萨和包子的混合物。当然。下个月，杨州的一家包子工厂将每天生产数千个包萨。考查时态和语态。will make将制作，一般将来时；makes制作，动词三单；was made被做，一般过去时的被动结构；will be made将被制作，一般将来时的被动结构；根据句意理解可知，句子主语baozza和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，而句中的时间是next month，且each day是指将来的每一天，所以应该用一般将来时的被动，故选D。10.【2020 镇江市】It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics_ no lat
33、er than summer 2021.A. is heldB. will be heldC. will holdD. hold【答案】B【解析】句意：据报道东京2020年奥运会将不迟于2021年举办。考查动词的时态和语态。is held一般现在时的被动；will be held动词的一般将来时的被动；will hold一般将来时；hold动词原形。根据“no later than summer 2021”可知是将来的动作，动词用一般将来时，主语Olympics与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，表示“被举办”用will be held。故选B。11.【2020 江西省】You _ lunch
34、at school. So you dont have to bring your own food.A. giveB. will giveC. are givenD. have given【答案】C【解析】句意：你在学校吃午餐。因此你不用自带食物了。考查一般现在时被动语态。give给，是动词原形；will give一般将来时；are given一般现在时的被动语态；have given现在完成时。根据句意可知，该句主语You和动词give之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。12.【2020 辽宁丹东】Basketball_ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin,
35、 it became an event at the Olympics.A. playsB. is playedC. was playedD. played【答案】C【解析】句意：篮球运动于1891年开始。然后在1936年的柏林，它成为了奥运会的一个项目。考查被动语态。plays玩，动词三单；is played被玩，一般现在时的被动结构；was played被玩，一般过去时的被动结构；played玩，过去式；根据句意理解可知，句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，所以排除A/ D选项，再由句中的时间in 1891可知，这里应该用过去时的被动，结构是“was/ were+过去分词”；
36、故选C。13.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Mr. Wang is very famous in our school.That's for sure. He _ by reporters tomorrow.A. interviewsB. interviewedC. is interviewedD. will be interviewed【答案】D【解析】句意：王先生在我们学校很有名。那是肯定的。他明天将接受记者的采访。考查时态和语态。interviews一般现在时主动语态；interviewed一般过去时主动语态；is interviewed一般现在时被动语态；will be interv
37、iewed一般将来时被动语态。根据句意及by reporters可知，主语he和谓语动词interview之间是被动关系；又因为时间状语为tomorrow，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。14.【2020 青海省】What do you know about the earthquake happened in the morning?The wounded people _ to the hospital in time.A. are broughtB. were broughtC. will be brought【答案】B【解析】句意：关于早上发生的地震你知道
38、些什么？受伤的人被及时送到医院。考查一般过去时的被动语态。bring带到某处。are brought一般现在时的被动语态；were brought一般过去时的被动语态；will be brought一般将来时的被动语态。三个选项都是被动语态，结合题干中“What do you know about the earthquake happened in the morning?”可知是询问过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。15.【2020 天津市】That machine is broken. It _ tomorrow.ArepairedBwas repaire
39、dCwill repairDwill be repaired【答案】D【解析】句意：那台机器坏了。明天将修理它。考查一般将来时的被动语态。repaired过去式/过去分词；was repaired一般过去时的被动语态；will repair一般将来时主动语态；will be repaired一般将来时的被动语态。根据题干可知，主语it和动词repair之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应该使用被动语态；再由tomorrow可知句子时态应用一般将来时；一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will be+动词的过去分词；故答案选D。16.【2020 四川省成都市】Wuchazi Bridge _ as an In
40、ternet-famous place in Chengdu.A. regardsB. is regardedC. is regarding【答案】B【解析】句意：五岔子桥被认为是成都网红景点。本题考查时态和语态。regards是一般现在时的主动形式；is regarded是一般现在时的被动形式；is regarding是现在进行时的主动形式。根据句意，主语Wuchazi Bridge与谓语regard之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选B。17. 【2020 乐山市】The 24th Winter Olympic Games _ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2
41、022.A. is heldB. will holdC. will be held【答案】C【解析】句意：第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年在北京和张家口举行。考查时态语态。is held 被举行；will hold 将举行；will be held 将被举行。根据in 2022可知用一般将来时态；根据句意，可知主语The 24th Winter Olympic Games与谓语动词hold是被动关系，即“被举行”，因此是一般将来时态的被动式，结构为will be done。故选C。18. 【2020 凉山州】As the most exciting and traditional way to
42、 shop, street markets _here and there in China these days.A. findB. foundC. are foundD. were found【答案】C【解析】句意：作为最让人兴奋和传统的购物方式，街市这些天在中国到处能被找到。考查动词时态和语态。find找到，一般现在时的动词原形；found动词的过去式；are found动词的一般现在时的被动结构；were found动词的一般过去时的被动结构。根据these days可知讲述的是现在的动作，用一般现在时；主语street markets和动词find之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动a
43、re found。故选C。19. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Most of the earth's surface_ by water.A. is coveredB. coversC. is grownD. grows【答案】A【解析】句意：地球的大多数表面被水覆盖。考查被动语态。is covered 被覆盖（一般现在时的被动式）；covers 覆盖（一般现在时）；is grown 被种植；grows 种植。根据句意，可知此句意为“表面被水覆盖”，排除CD。又因为主语most of the earth's surface与谓语动词cover是被动关系，故选A。2
44、0. 【2020 重庆市】Another bridge over the Jialing River_last year.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built【答案】D【解析】句意：去年在嘉陵江上又建了一座桥。考查动词的时态和被动语态。builds动词第三人称单数形式，修建；built是build的过去式或过去分词形式；is built是一般现在时的被动语态；was built是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语Another bridge与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A和B；再由句中的时间last year可知，应用一般过去时。
45、故选D。1. 【2020 重庆南开中学下学期阶段测试】- Mom, where is my model plane? - Oh, it _ to Jenny yesterday.A. is lentB. lendsC. was lentD. lent【答案】C【解析】句意：-妈妈，我的飞机模型在哪里？-哦，昨天借给了詹妮。因为句子的主语是it，代指的是my model plane，my model plane与lend之间是被动关系。句子的时间状语是yesterday，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。2. 【2020 重庆市永川一诊测试题】A new museum_ in Yongch
46、uan two years ago, many children can come here on weekends.A. buildsB. builtC. was builtD. is built【答案】C【解析】句意：两年前永川建了一座新博物馆，很多孩子周末都可以来这里。考查一般过去时的被动语态。builds一般现在时；built一般过去时；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is built一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“two years ago”可知时态是一般过去时；根据句意可知主语和谓语动词是被动关系，可知此句时态是一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。3. 【2020 山东省菏泽
47、市曹县二模】These cakes _ with chocolate. Have one, please. A. are filledB. fillC. filled【答案】A【解析】句意：这些蛋糕满满的巧克力。请吃一个。考查一般现在时的被动语态。are filled一般现在时的被动语态；fill一般现在时；filled一般过去时。根据句意可知cakes 和fill之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，结构是be+过去分词；be filled with用填满。故选A。4.【2020北京市101中学三模】 The students _many chances to take part in after-class activities every termA. giveB. gaveC. are givenD. were given【答案】C【解析】句意：每个学期学生都有很多参加课外活动的机会。考查一般现在时的被动。give给予，一般现在时；gave给予，一般过去时；are given给予，一般现在时被动；were given给予，一般过去时被动。学生和给予之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故排除AB；每个学期是一般现在时，故用一般现在时被动。故选C。5. 【2020安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】Why didnt