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1、考点16 被动语态命题趋势： 动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。中考考查重点：1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。被动语态考向一：被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by. )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by)English isn t spoken by people here.
2、 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by.)?Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史
3、是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候
4、完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The ro
5、ad was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来
6、之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三：被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was
7、 published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from I
8、taly. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四：主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）。The famous professor gave
9、two lectures in English.Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时
10、，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.He is called Li Hua.
11、 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语
12、）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五：主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用
13、主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，requi
14、re，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调宾，用 be加上过去分。be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to最称心。唯有原宾是复合，只有变宾要当心。原句宾补变主补，
15、位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。如若情态后带to，变后有to才弄准。短语动词变被动，相当及物莫疑心。不过其后介或副，变后还得要承认。用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Nearly everybody here_（know）when the old museum_ （build）.2. The building can_（see）from every part of the city; It _（build）many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom_（tell）me that his bike_（break）last week.4. The stu
16、dents _ often_（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.5. Now he_（be）asked if the meeting_（hold）next Friday.6. It is known to all that the moon_（turn）round the earth.7. Miss Li often_（use）a recorder in her English class. But she_（not use）it tomorrow.8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits_（sell）in this
17、shop.9. English_（speak）here.10. The song_（like）by us all twenty years ago.11._ the pair of new shoes_（suit）you?12. The bottle_（break）by the cat yesterday.13. A tall tree_（can , see）in the picture.14. The sports meeting_（hold）last week.15. We_（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from
18、Australia.16. Look, Mr Smith_（take）to the station by Mark in his car.17. These trees should_（water）after they_（plant）.18. The TV set_（make）in Beijing. It _（make）last April.19. Colour TVs_（sell）in that shop.20. When the Peoples Republic of China_（found）?1. 【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】It's reported that 31
19、of the brave young men _ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for.A. had killedB. killedC. were killed2.【2020 黑龙江绥化】The old lady _ the hospital in time at last.A. is taken toB. took toC. was taken to3.【2020 贵州省安顺市】 Krystal, do you know how tea is pro
20、duced? Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then _ for processing.A. sendB. are sentC. were sent4. 【2020黑龙江哈尔滨市】 What language _ in Canada?Both English and French.A. is spokenB. speaksC. is speaking5.【2020 吉林省】How delicious the cake is! It_ by my grandmother this morning.A. ma
21、deB. is madeC. was made6.【2020 南通市】As soon as books _, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.A. are raisedB. were raisedC. raisedD. have raised7.【2020 无锡市】The bush fires in Australia _ after a few months, leaving millions of animals dead.A. were run outB. run outC. were p
22、ut outD. put out8.【2020 盐城市】It is said that Yancheng-Nantong High-speed Railway in December, 2020.A. completeB. is completedC. was completedD. will be completed9.【2020 扬州市】Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi?Sure. Thousands of baozza_ at a baozi factory in Yang zhou each day next mo
23、nth.A. will makeB. makesC. was madeD. will be made10.【2020 镇江市】It is reported that the Tokyo 2020 Olympics_ no later than summer 2021.A. is heldB. will be heldC. will holdD. hold11.【2020 江西省】You _ lunch at school. So you dont have to bring your own food.A. giveB. will giveC. are givenD. have given12
24、.【2020 辽宁丹东】Basketball_ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.A. playsB. is playedC. was playedD. played13.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Mr. Wang is very famous in our school.That's for sure. He _ by reporters tomorrow.A. interviewsB. interviewedC. is interviewedD. will be interviewe
25、d14.【2020 青海省】What do you know about the earthquake happened in the morning?The wounded people _ to the hospital in time.A. are broughtB. were broughtC. will be brought15.【2020 天津市】That machine is broken. It _ tomorrow.ArepairedBwas repairedCwill repairDwill be repaired16.【2020 四川省成都市】Wuchazi Bridge
26、 _ as an Internet-famous place in Chengdu.A. regardsB. is regardedC. is regarding17. 【2020 乐山市】The 24th Winter Olympic Games _ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022.A. is heldB. will holdC. will be held18. 【2020 凉山州】As the most exciting and traditional way to shop, street markets _here and there in Chi
27、na these days.A. findB. foundC. are foundD. were found19. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】Most of the earth's surface_ by water.A. is coveredB. coversC. is grownD. grows20. 【2020 重庆市】Another bridge over the Jialing River_last year.A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built1. 【2020 重庆南开中学下学期阶段测试】- Mom, where
28、is my model plane? - Oh, it _ to Jenny yesterday.A. is lentB. lendsC. was lentD. lent2. 【2020 重庆市永川一诊测试题】A new museum_ in Yongchuan two years ago, many children can come here on weekends.A. buildsB. builtC. was builtD. is built3. 【2020 山东省菏泽市曹县二模】These cakes _ with chocolate. Have one, please. A. ar
29、e filledB. fillC. filled4.【2020北京市101中学三模】 The students _many chances to take part in after-class activities every termA. giveB. gaveC. are givenD. were given5. 【2020安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】Why didnt you fly to Moscow?Because all the flights _A. are canceledB. were canceledC. will be canceledD. have been cancel
30、ed6.【2020福建省龙岩市二模】 China's Long March 5B carrier rocket into space in Hainan Province on May 5,2020.A. sentB. was sentC. was sending7.【2020甘肃省张掖市一模】 If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh. A. be madeB. be made toC. make toD. make8.【2020北京市昌平区二模】A lot of vegetables _to Wuhan during the 202
31、0 Spring Festival.A. were sentB. sentC. is sentD. send9. 【2020北京市丰台区三模】 Online learning _ by more people because it's convenient.A. acceptsB. acceptedC. is acceptedD. was accepted10.【2020安徽省合肥市二模】Too much water _ in the world every day, and we should do something to protect it.A. wastesB. wastedC. was wastedD. is wasted11.【2020北京市朝阳区中考零模】Today, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere.A. useB. are usedC. usedD. were used