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1、1. 体裁解读议论文是针对某个问题或某个事件进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文三要素是论点、论据、论证。议论点表明作者对某一方面的问题所持的主张、观点和态度。论据是用来证明论点的根据。它包括事实论据和理论论据。事实论据即通常所说的“摆事实”，如客观存在的现实、发生的事件、确切的数字及案例等；而理论论据即通常所讲的“讲道理”，如原理、规则、法则、名人名言、经典著作等。论证如同一条线，把需要的论据围绕着论点组织起来，贯穿在一起。2. 写作攻略初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主
2、，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头、主体和结尾。一般写作步骤如下：第一步：确定主题，引出论点；第二步：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；第三步：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文。模板 观点态度型（一）引出一种观点Many students think that _, because _ 阐述自己的观点，并论证自己的观点But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think, _, so _（我的看法）. First of all,
3、_（原因一）. Secondly, _（原因二）. Thirdly/Most important of all, _（原因三）.总结自己的观点All in all/In a word, I hold the opinion that _（总结观点）. And I hope _（提出愿望）. 【模板范文】Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad.But as to me, I am not in favour of this point o
4、f view. I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English. Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English.
5、 If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well. And I hope that all the students can use English freely.模板 观点态度型（二）The topic of 主题 is becoming mor
6、e and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . Whats more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 .
7、 Third(Finally), 理由三 . From my point of view, I think 我的观点 . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.模板 说明利弊型介绍一种社会现象并引出论点Nowadays, _ like to _（社会现象）. About this different people have different
8、 opinions. 总结自己的观点阐述缺点并论证阐述优点并论证On the one hand, some people think _（优点一）. Moreover _（优点二）. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, _（缺点一）. Besides, _（缺点二）.I think _（我的观点）. 【模板范文】Nowadays, many students like to make friends online. About this different people have different opinions.On the one hand,
9、some people think it's interesting to talk with friends online. So you will never feel lonely when you are alone. If you are lucky enough to make a friend from English speaking country, you can improve your English greatly. Moreover, it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends. But ever
10、y coin has two sides. Firstly, only a few people have made really good friends online. Many people are cheated by the friends. Besides, it is terrible for students to spend much time making friends and talking online.Some people say making friends online is making trouble. I think there is something
11、 in what they say.模板 解决方法型阐述一种现象并具体说现状In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is _（问题）. For example, some _（例一）; some _（例二）; some _（例三）and still some _（例四）.“我”的观点以及对未来的憧憬提出解决方案Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should _（解决方法一）. F
12、or another thing, we'd better _（解决方法二). Because, we should _（解决方法三）.In my opinion, if _ , we will _. 【模板范文】In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is many students have bad eating habits. For example, some go to school without breakfast; some like to eat snacks; some always like to eat t
13、he same food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these habits are bad for our health.Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should eat all kinds of healthy foods, such as rice, fish, meat, vegetables and fruit. For another thing, we&#
14、39;d better have meals at the right time. Besides, we should not eat too much especially before we go to bed.In my opinion, if we have god eating habits, we will have good health. And we can study beer.1. 表示反对oppose v. 反对 be against. 反对be opposed to反对，不赞成 object to. 反对，对反感disagree with不同意；不一致on the
15、contrary反之，正相反2. 表示赞同support v. 支持stand by支持in favour of 有利于；赞成，支持 agree v. 同意3. 表示对比on one hand/side 一方面on the other hand/side 另一方面4. 表示递进further more 进一步in addition此外besides 除此之外5. 表示顺序last/finally adv. 最后first of all 首先what's more而且the last point 最后一点last but not least 最后但同样重要的是6. 表示转折yet adv
16、. 然而however adv. 可是，然而in all 总的说来in a word 简而言之in short 总之8. 其他nowadays adv. 现在discussion n. 讨论argument n. 争论as follows 如下mental health 心理健康establish v. 创建limited adj. 有限的reduce stress减压in the opening times在开放时代take a series of effective measures 采取一系列有效措施 【夺人眼球篇首句】1. Nowadays, there is a wide-sprea
17、d concern over 现今，引起了人们的广泛关注。2. Nowadays, people are paying a lot more attention to 如今，人们把更多的注意力放在上。3. It is universally acknowledged that. 众所周知的是4. It's commonly/generally believed that. 人们普遍认为5. Recently, sb. has/there is a discussion about 近来，（某人）就展开了一次讨论。6. Generally, the advantages can be l
18、isted as follows. 大体上，有以下几方面优点。7. Recently, the students of my class had a discussion about whether Grade Two students should go to school in the evening. 近来，我们班针对二年级的学生是否应该夜间上课展开了讨论。【亮点出彩篇中句】1. People have different opinions on this problem. 在这个问题上人们有不同的观点。2. It has to be noticed that. 需要注意的是3. As
19、to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. 对我来说，我不赞成这种观点。4. I hold an opinion that. 我认为5. Ithink it harmful to. 我认为是有害的。6. There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问的是7. There is no denying that. 不可否认的是8. Compared to/In comparison with., . are more. 与相比，更9. Unlike A, B. 不像A一样，B10. It's good/beneficial f
20、or sb.to do. 对某人来讲做是有好处的/有益处的。11. What's more, everything has its own two sides. 而且，任何事情都有两个方面。12. What calls for special attention is that. 需要特别注意的是13. Further, we hold the opinion that. 还有，我们的意见是14. I can't agree with their opinions for the reasons below. 我不同意他们的观点，原因如下。15. My argument/adv
21、ice for this problem goes as follows. 针对这一问题，我的观点/建议如下。16. I can't entirely agree with the idea that. I believe. 我不能完全同意的观点。我认为 17. They can ask their teachers and parents for advice on how to solve problems. 他们可以向他们的老师和家长寻求解决这些问题的建议18. However, unlike the former students, some others think they
22、 should have their own time to study. 然而，与前面这些学生观点不同的其他一些学生认为，他们应该拥有自己的学习时间。19. There is no doubt that it is harmful if a person works without rest. 毫无疑问一个人只工作不休息的话是有害的。20. Just as the saying goes, A smile can make you ten years younger. 正如俗语所讲：笑一笑，十年少。【韵味无穷结尾句】1. From above, we can predict that 从以上
23、情况，我们可以预测2. I will conclude by saying. 总结一下就是说3. Therefore, we have the reason to believe that. 因此，我们有理由相信4. As a student, we should face all the possible difficulties in our life positively. 作为学生，我们应该乐观地面对生活中所有可能存在的困难。5. I agree with the later. I think we should develop our own self-study habit. 我同
24、意后者。我认为我们应该培养自主学习的习惯。6. From my point of view, our life would be better if we learned how to reduce stress. 我认为，如果我们学会了如何减压，我们的生活会更好。（一）【2019 广西河池市】“人生没有彩排，生命没有重来”，你平安、健康、快乐地成长是父母最大的心愿。今年6月下旬学校将举办一场以“Keep away from the danger!” 为主题的英文演讲比赛。假如你是王雷同学，大家推选你参加这次比赛。请跟进以下思维导图提示，写一篇英文演讲稿。写作提示：写作要求：1. 不得使用真实
25、姓名和学校名；2. 所有的提示词都须用上，包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯：3. 字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚：4. 词数100词左右。(演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。)Keep away from the danger!Hello! Everyone, Im Wang Lei. The danger is around us. So we must learn how to keep away from the danger, First, we mustnt go swimming without our parents or teachers p
26、ermission._In a word, we must try our best to keep away from the danger!Thats all. Thank you for listening!【写作思路】这篇作文要求我们以Keep away from the danger为题，写一篇演讲稿。审题可知，题目中利用思维导图的形式，列举了这篇文章中应该包括的几个要点。观察这个思维导图可知，短文应该从游泳、交通、交友、饮食、学校安全以及毒品等六个方面进行叙述，每个方面都给出了一些提示词，学生们可以利用这些提示词来组织语言，用完整的句子表达出来。文章应使用一般现在时、第一人称为主来
27、叙述。写作时应注意：首先题目中给出的所有提示词以及要点都应包括在内，不要有所遗漏。可以根据表达需要进行拓展，使文章内容更加充实。但应注意拓展内容应与文章主题紧密相连，不要写没有用的东西。其次应注意英语的表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不要根据汉语思维逐词翻译，写汉语式的英语。应从句式的正确结构出发，选择适当的单词、短语和句型。句式结构可以简单句为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂结构，提升文章档次。同时语句之间应使用一些衔接成分，注意叙述的层次性，条理清楚，行为连贯。【参考范文】Keep away from the danger!Hello! Everyone, Im Wang Lei. The d
28、anger is around us. So we must learn how to keep away from the danger. First, we mustnt go swimming without our parents or teachers permission. When we go swimming, we must wear life jackets. Second, we must obey the traffic rules. We should walk on the pavement. When we cross the street, we mustnt
29、look at the mobile phones. Third, we may have some friends on line, but we mustnt believe whatever they say. Besides, dont meet online friends alone. Fourth, we must wash our hands before having meals. Dont eat food that goes bad because it is bad for our health. Fifth, when we are in school, we can
30、t run on the hallways. You should get on well with your classmates and dont fight with them. If someone threatens you, call for help. Last but not the least, never try drugs. If you see someone selling drugs, call 110 at once.In a word, we must try our best to keep away from the danger!Thats all. Th
31、ank you for listening!【名师点评】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，给我们介绍了生活中应如何远离危险，保证我们的安全。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，包含了题目中要求的所有内容，提示词都使用上了。文章中从六个方面进行了具体的介绍，每个方面前都有表示顺序的词First, Second Last but not least等，使文章的结构非常清晰，叙述有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范。句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。文章中使用了简单句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、祈使句等结构，句式多变，表达准确、清楚。文章中使用了一些较好的短语和句型，如W
32、hen we cross the street, we mustn't look at the mobile phones、Third, we may have some friends on line, but we mustn't believe whatever they say、Fourth, we must wash our hands before having meals.、You should get on well with your classmates and don't fight with them.、If someone threatens
33、you, call for help.、Last but not the least, never try drugs. If you see someone selling drugs, call 110 at once.等。（二）【2019 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市】初中生活，精彩纷呈。回首过去你是否感到充实和快乐，展望未来你是否对高中生活充满期待，请结合以下提示谈谈你的感悟。提示：1. 初中阶段你有哪些收获； 2. 初中阶段你有哪些遗憾或未实现的愿望； 3. 你对未来的高中生活有哪些计划或打算。要求：1. 80-100词，首句已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 字迹工整，语言流畅，表达准确，逻辑清晰
34、。The life of my junior high school is coming to an end. _【写作思路】这是一篇提纲类作文，初中生活，精彩纷呈。回首过去你是否感到充实和快乐，展望未来你是否对高中生活充满期待，请结合以下提示谈谈你的感悟，动笔前应先认真阅读材料，围绕所给材料组织内容，确定主要短语，句式等问题。通过阅读材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态，这方面需要注意的问题比较少。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写出关键单词。写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词【参考范文】The life of my junior h
35、igh school is coming to an end. Since I came to the junior high school, Ive gained confidence and happiness. With the help of our teachers, Ive learned how to be a good person as well as plenty of knowledge. Ive also made some good friends.However, there is still something that I feel sorry about. B
36、ecause I was busy with my schoolwork, I couldnt keep on reading. Once in a while, I felt so upset and anxious that I quarreled with my parents.In the future, Ill try to make good use of time and spend more free time reading books. Meanwhile, Ill get on well with my parents. I believe Ill have a happ
37、y and colorful life.【名师点评】这篇短文不使用了大量的短语，可见该生英语功底扎实。.如With the help of our teachers, Ive learned how to be a good person as well as plenty of knowledge. Ive also made some good friends.等使文章的表达更丰富，更有逻辑性，更富有条理。（三）【2019 湖南省湘潭市】哈佛大学的一项研究表明，爱做家务的孩子更容易体验到幸福感，更有前途请你以"Help with Some Housework"为题写一篇
38、8o词左右的英语短文，描述你平时所做的家务以及你对做家务的看法参考词汇：Chorestake out the rubbish sweep the floorwash the clothes do the disheswater the flowers cook breakfast/lunch OpinionsPros：develop our independence take care of ourselvesCons：a waste of time no need to 注意：文中不得出现真实的校名和人名Help with Some HouseworkIt is reported that
39、children who love doing chores have a better future and are easy to feel happy As for me， I _【参考范文】Help with Some HouseworkIt is reported that children who love doing chores have a better future and are easy to feel happy As for me， I often help them do housework I take out the rubbish away and swee
40、p the floor in the morning I help my mother cook the lunchI always wash clothes and do the dishesfor my family My parents are very happy Besides， Watering the flowers is also my duty I like them very much and take good care of them After supper， I always wash dishes（平时所作家务）I think it can develop our
41、 independence and take good care of ourselves【高分句型一】 In a word， the more housework I do， the happier my parents will be（家务的看法）【高分句型二】（四）【2019 辽宁省本溪市】每年十月份，越来越多的游客来本溪赏枫叶请你根据以下提示，说说如何给游客可留下"景美人更美"的好印象，从自身做起，做文明本溪人！提示词：beautiful views美丽的景色要求：1语意连贯，层次清晰，书写规范2文中不得出现真实姓名与校名3 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数How to be a polite citizenBenxi is a good place to watch maple leaves （枫叶） in October_