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1、中考专题：状语从句1.He works hard.2.Hes in need of money.He works hard because hes in need of money.他勤奋工作，因为他需要钱。1.2 都是完整独立的简单句，两者都有因果关系。缺钱是工作的原因，于是用表示原因的连接词because加在2前。状语从句：状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式考点：状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。一、时间状语从句1.Mozart started writing music
2、when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.When/while we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们正在跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。3.He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。4.He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。5.He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之
3、后回的家。6.Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。7.I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。8.They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。9.Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。10.By the t
4、ime he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。when ，while， as， after ，before， as soon as， since ，till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。释义特点从句的谓语v动作when当的时候时间点/时间段非延续性v/延续性v动作可先后发生，也可同时发生while在的期间时间段延续v动作同时发生as一边一边与同时两个动作同时发生/淡化时间before在之前时间点主句动作发生在从句动作之前，
5、从句不用否定式after在之后时间点主句动作发生在从句动作之后since自从若时间从该动作发生时算起，用非延续性v若时间从该动作或结束时算起，用延续性vby the time到为止延续性vuntil/till直到主句谓语延续性v，主句常用肯定形式主句谓语非延续性v，主句常用否定形式as soon as一就强调两个动作紧接着发生巧记10个瞬间性动词在学习以when和while引导的时间状语从句时，用到了瞬间动词和延续动词。常见的瞬间动词有die(死)，come(来)，go(去)，eave(离开)，arrive(到达)，begin(开始)，buy(买)，,join(加入)，borrow(借进，借出
6、)，return(归还)等。这10个瞬间动词可用两句口诀来帮助记忆: 开始离去,借来还, 出生入死,买到家。注释:1."开始离去,借来还"为begin,leave,go,borrow,come,return六词；2."出生入死,买到家"为join,die,buy,arrive四词。3.各词改为相应的延续动词为：beginbe on, leavebe away from, borrowkeep, gobe, comebe here, returnbe back, joinbe in, diebe dead, buyhave, arrivebe here等。
7、'1.since 自以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。2. by the time 到为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在完成时或过
8、去完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。By the time I got to school, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。A, when, while和as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示"就在那时"。When she came in, I was eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)When I lived in the country
9、side, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)I lik
10、e playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)As表示"一边一边"，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调"一先一后。We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示"一边一边")As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)2.当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前
11、，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态： （主过从过） 主句（过去进行时）+when +从句（一般过去）主句（一般过去时）+when +从句（过去进行时）主句（一般过去时）+while +从句（过去进行时）主句（过去进行时）+while +从句（过去进行时）注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。小试牛刀：Mother （cook）supper when I
12、(get) home yesterday. Last Sunday I (meet) Lin Hong when I (walk) in the street. When the students (have ) a meeting, the teacher (come) in. While Han Meimei (sweep) the floor, Lucy (carry) water.B. 由before和after引导的时间状语从句。Before从句动作发生在主句之后。After从句动作发生在主句之前。It will be four days before they come back.
13、 他们要过四天才能回来。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时)小试牛刀：By the time I got to school, the class .（begin）我到
14、校时，已经开始上课了。一、单项选择。1 The meeting didn't start_ everyone was there.A. Because B. until C. why D. if2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in.A. went not; until B. didn't go; after C. went; until D. didn't go; until3He _ wait until the rain _ . Awont, will stop Bwont, stop Cwill, stopsDwill,
15、will stop4As soon as Jane _ here, Ill post the letter to Mike. Aleave Bwill leave Cleaves Dleft5It was already five oclock _ we got home. Awhen Bwhile Cbecause Dif6Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? AAs BWhile CBecause DIf7Joan and Mary havent seen each other_the
16、y left school five years ago. Aas Bbefore Cafter Dsince 8I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news. Awill get Bgets Cgot Dget 9. He _ back until the work _ done.A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is10. I call the police for help I saw the thie
17、f.Awhile Bbefore Cas soon as Dafter1-5 BDCCA 6-10 BDDBC2 条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生。连接词主要有:if如果unless除非，若不，除非在的时候as/so long as只要, 等。1.If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.You will b
18、e late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don't leave immediately, you will be late.)I don't care so as long as she lets me be with her son. 只要她让我和她儿子在一起，我不在乎。用条件状语从句时要注意: 从句要用一般现在时,主句是将来时的时候1 If it tomorrow, we to climb mountains.A. doesnt rain; go B. wont rain; will goC.
19、wont rain; go D. doesnt rain; will go2If you go to his party tomorrow, . A. wont, neither do I B. dont, neither will IC. dont, neither do I D. /, so do I3Do you know if _ tomorrow morning?No. I will call you if she _ back.A. she will come; comesB. she comes; will comeC. will she come; comesD. will s
20、he come; will come4Well go to the park if it_ rain tomorrow.A. dont B. doesnt C. wont5We are not sure if it tomorrow. If it , our sports meeting will be put off.A. rains; rains B. rains; will rainC. will rain; will rain D. will rain; rains7 If my uncle next weekend, we with him. Sounds great!A. will
21、 come; will go skiing B. will come; goes skiingC. comes; will go skiing D. comes; goes skiing8I dont know when _ tomorrow.I will call you as soon as he _.A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive D. he comes; will arrive3 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where(在.地方)，wherever(无论
22、哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一.地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)，where总是放在主句后，绝不提前。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。where引导的定语从句与状语从句：Go back where you came from.你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the palce where you came from.回到你来的那个村子里去。1. When you read
23、 the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where
24、 C. the place where D. where 2. She found her wallet _ she lost it. A. where
25、 B. when C. in which D. that3. The school was built _
26、 there had once been a church. A. where B. when C. in which&#
27、160; D. that 4. You should let your children play _ you can see them. A. where
28、60; B. when C. in which D. that
29、 5. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where &#
30、160; C. then D. there 6. Now he works in the factory _ his&#
31、160;father used to work. A. where B. when C. in which
32、; D. that 7. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.
33、A. where B. when C. in which &#
34、160; D. that 8. Mom, what did the doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where9. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. A. whoever B. ho
35、wever C. whatever D. wherever10. If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where答案：15. D A A A B 610. A A D D D4、 原因状语从句由连词because, since, as引导（语气：because>since>as）, 也可由for, now that 等词引导1.I didn't go to sc
36、hool yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。2. Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.5. Now that t
37、he children have cleaned up, you can let them go.孩子们已经梳洗了，你可以让他们走了。难点-because , since , as , for,辨析1) because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。语气：because>since>asI didn't go, because I was afraid.Since / As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)
38、由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.1. The man cant get on the bus _ there is no room on it. A. though B. because C. until D so that 2. _ her daughter hadnt come back, _ she looked wor
39、ried. A. Because, / B. Because, so C. Though, but D. Though, /3._ youve got a chance, you might make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as4. He found it difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or5. A man cannot smile like a child, _ a
40、 child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. so B. but C. and D. for1. _ you do not understand, I will explain again.2. _ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.3. He must be ill, _ he is absent today.4. The teacher must be strict with you _th
41、ey want you to make great progress.5. _your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.一、1.since 2. As 3. for 4. because 5. Since1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D五.目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。1sothat如此以至于He always studi
42、ed so hard that he made great progress.他总是那么努力，所以他取得了很大的进步。2. so that 以至于, 以便于I'll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)我将慢慢跑以至于你能赶上我。3. suchthat 如此。以至It's such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4. in order that=so that:为了We shall let you know
43、the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)5.比较:so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish /such a foolso nice a flower /such a nice flowerso many / few flowers. such n
44、ice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many people /such a lot of peoplesothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to schoolso+形容词或副词So+adj+a(an)+单数可数名词so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +thatso+much或 little+
45、不可数名词so that ,suchthat 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等词。so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型:so many (few, much, little )+n. 。such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数
46、的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.It is such nice weather that I'd like to take a walk.天气是如此只好,以致于我想去散散步.Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以致于大家都相信他1Well stay at home if it _ tomorrow. Arain Brains C.is rainingDwill rain2We
47、 didnt go home _ we finished the work. AsinceBuntil Cbecause Dthough3She _ when I went to see her. Ais reading Bhave read Cwas reading Dreads 4_ the rain stops, well set off for the station. ABeforeBUnless CAs soon asDThough5She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. Avisit Bpaying
48、 a visit Cwalk in Dwalking in6Mr. White hoped he _ China the next year. Awould visit Bwill visit Cvisited Dhas visited 7I told him that the sun _ in the east. Arises Brose Chas risen Dwas rising 8She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch. Aso, that Bsuch, that Cvery, that Dso, as9He was sentenced
49、 to death _ what he had stolen from the bank. Athat Bsince Cbecause Dbecause of10I didnt know what _. Awas the matter Bis the matter Cthe matter was Dthe matter is 11I couldnt agree with _ at the meeting. Athat you said Bwhich you said Cwhat did you say Dwhat you said 12The bad man ran away to avoid
50、 _ and was finally put into prison. Aseeing Bto be seen Cbeing seen Dto be caught13Everyone except Jim and Jack _. Aknow who is he Bknow who he is Cknows who is he Dknows who he is 15It is ten years _ I left my hometown. Asince BIf Cwhether Duntil 16Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown lives in Room 202？ A
51、that Bwhere Cuntil Dif 17I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school. Athough Balthough Cas if Dwhen18I dont know _ or not it will rain tomorrow. Athat BWhen Cif Dwhether 19Why is their classroom so clean and tidy？ _ it is cleaned every day. ASince BAs CBecause DFor 20Can you tell me _ is going to give us a talk next Monday？ Awho Bwhom Cwhose Dwhat