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1、 Moral virtuesChapter eleven:a. Aristotle thought that female are not as good as men, and because the thinking mode difference, they were put into the leading of males. That means the thinking mode of men give them reason to take the charge of managing females. Kant quite agreed the point that women
2、 think differently compared to men, so they are in charge of males. And he added a point that females individual characters are lack of civil personality. Rousseau tried to make this situation better, his point of view was more reason and he thought that the only difference between male and female i
3、s that they just own different virtue.b. The difference between Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development is that the behind stages are more advanced than the front stages, it shows the development of how human moral situations can be developed. Usually common people can only develop his/her own moral l
4、evel to the fifth stage. The first stage is the original situation of moral ethics, this time people were controlled, they couldnt control their actions just based on their own moral ethic development stages. The last stage was the ultimate stage for human moral ethic stages to be developed. For peo
5、ple to develop from the first stage to the final, they society has to be innovated, there should be relative such mental leaders such as max and so on, to tell them how to build the mental environment and tell them how to be better man.c. Dr. Carol Gilligans works is just in relation with the scope
6、of human ethic virtues, his masterpiece In a different voice just tell people how to build the inner world and form a good ethic virtue sense.d Dr. Carol Gilligans works is just in relation with the scope of human ethic virtues, his masterpiece In a different voice just tell people how to build the
7、inner world and form a good ethic virtue sense. e The core sense of ethics of care is to care about others, in history, it used to be narrowed to accept the birth of the feminism, and admire their positions in the society, finally allow them to gain their own rights and try their best to be equal wi
8、th males.f The stage of moral development that Jake was in is one stage advanced than Amy was in. Amy was still hesitating; he couldnt decide that which is more important when life was compared to money. But Jack clearly got to know and decide that human life would be more important. This shows the
9、more development of his moral stages.Chapter twelve:a. Moral virtue is a trait of character, manifested in habit action, which is good for anyone to behave. With moral virtue, one can be more honest, more decent and be more kind-hearted, this shows the good side of human characters, lead us to be be
10、tter person and behaves good while getting rid of any bad habits such as lying, cheating, or just setting others up.b. St Augustine just distrusted reasons, he thought only if one has subordinated gods will, he can be with ethic virtue, can be with goodness, can be more honest and kind-hearted.c. Th
11、e modern moral theorists does Rachels say are “the moral descendants of Jesus of Nazareth is that it is not so fair that some of the people in the society owns treasures, enjoy good life, with enough food to eat, enough money to spend and con be living in comfortable houses while others who are poor
12、 dont have enough food to eat even starve to death, and they cant live a nice life just the rich people, Rachels thought the rich men should share all of their treasures with the poor ones so that the world can be fair. Such of his point of view shows that he was with good ethic virtue and was ready
13、 to share what he had with the poor men, but his point of view was kind of harsh that not everybody is able to accept it.d. The core virtues differ from society to society is true, every country or society would have their own formation of moral systems. But some aspect would always be same, this is
14、 honoring parents, love the younger ones while respect the old people. As well be friendly, decent, and honest or with goodness, I think wherever we go, such ethic of virtue will never be refused by the people there.Chapter 13a Hubris is such a kind of human character that shows someone admire thems
15、elves too much so that they just look down upon others, also they wont trust, respect and depend on others, they always believe that they are right and what they are doing is ok. “Anthropocentric” thinking is not with the same function with hubris, and is of different ethic virtue stage, so they can
16、t just be compared.b Rachels thought that people should just be treated equally, they should share the treasure, the food or other living material. If someone posse more, they should just share it with others to reach equality. In his points of view, treating people as what they deserve to be must b
17、e unfair.c Motivation is the reason why a people take relative actions to achieve relative aim. Such motive would just drive them to take decisions. To live, means some actions should be taken even if it was false. How to prevent such false decisions to be made, that still needs good ethics of virtue.d “Multi-strategy Utilitarianism” is just composed of “act-Utilitarianism”, “general-Utilitarianism” and “rule-Utilitarianism”