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1、动词的时态和语态真题速递一语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。2.（2019全国II卷）Picking up
2、 her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。3.（2019全国III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop
3、，and visit. 【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是
4、when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。5.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students' grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 【答案】improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从
5、句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。6.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.is 【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。7.（2018全
6、国II卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown 【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。8.（2018全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soil testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011
7、, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】started 【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。9.（2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge)【答案】challenged【解析】考查时态。 此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语he和challeng
8、e构成被动关系，故填challenged。10.（2018全国III卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.【答案】meant 【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。11.（2018浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once i
9、n all that time.【答案】was shocked 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语I为被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友，当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。12.（2017全国I卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 【答案】are removed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据
10、语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中除去时，食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。13.（2017全国II卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 【答案】were used【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use
11、是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车，这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。14.（2017全国II卷）Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 【答案】managed【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：后来，工程师们成功地在一个深挖隧道的系统中建造铁路，这种系统被称为地铁。15. （2017全国III卷）Sarah (
12、tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。句意：有人告诉萨拉，她可能成为英国的新超级名模，下一年可以赚一百万美元。16.（2017全国III卷）But at the moment，school (come) first.【答案】comes【解析】考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实，
13、故用一般现在时。二单句改错1.（2019全国III卷）Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 【答案】required改为requires【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。2.（2018全国I卷）During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change the
14、re. 【答案】find改为found【解析】本句考查动词的时态。find改为found。考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。句意：在去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下看望我的祖父母，我发现那里有很大的变化。3.（2018全国II卷）Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 【答案】在I后加was【解析】考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法，表
15、示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在I后加was。4.（2018全国III卷）It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin. 【答案】begin改为begun【解析】考查谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应用过去分词。5.（2017全国I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car，my mind goes blank
16、. 【答案】goeswent【解析】考查谓语动词。文章描述过去的经历，上下文均使用了相应的过去时态，这里应保持一致，用一般过去时，所以把goes改为went。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经领会了教练的指令，但是一旦我发动了这辆车，我的头脑就变得空白了。6.（2017全国II卷）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 【答案】camecomes【解析】考查谓语动词。 when引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。7.（2017全国III卷）I had grown not onl
17、y physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 【答案】had改为have 【解析】考查谓时态。由in the past few years可知句子要用现在完成时。8.（2017全国III卷）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 【答案】become改为became【解析】考查谓时态。句子用了过去时，and
18、连接并列谓语entered和became。故把become改为became句意：在这张照片拍摄一个月后，我进入高中二年级，成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员。考纲解读课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。知识梳理动词时态的考查要点1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no
19、man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Mi
20、ddle School.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will be pleased.(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，
21、只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 1100 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday.【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2017全国III卷) Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come)first。”【答案】comes 【解析】考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。2.(2015全国卷) This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during th
22、e day and cool off during the night and are thus ways a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.【答案】goes【解析】考查动词时态。本句中讲述的是一种新型建筑的客观特点，需用一般现在时态，故填goes。2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。We met her in the street yesterday.When h
23、e was young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her.He bo
24、ught a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that？I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.【考题印证】1.(20176月浙江高考) Pahlsson and her husband (search)the kitchen, checking every cornerbut turned up nothing。【答案】searched【解析】考查动词时态
25、。本句中，but连接两个并列谓语动词，形式应该一致，故填过去式searched。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫找遍了厨房的每一个角落，但是一无所获。2.(2016·四川高考) However， it stayed with her and learned out the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother (drive) the young panda away.【答案】drove【解析】考查动词时态。根据上一句的时态是过去时态和本句中“Then, after two and a half
26、 years”可知填过去式drove。句意：然而，它和妈妈呆在一起，学会了森林的生活方式。然后，两年半后，妈妈把小熊猫赶走了。3.(2014全国I卷)In1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态。根据本句中从句部分“ it could ever be cleaned up”可知主句谓语该用过去式，故填was。句意：1969年，俄亥俄州克利夫
27、兰附近的凯霍加河沿岸的污染非常严重。难以想象它能被清理干净。单句改错1.(2016全国III卷)However, my parents didn't seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 【答案】tell改为told【解析】考查动词时态。根据上一句的时态以及句意“然而，我的父母似乎并不这么认为。他们总是告诉我该做什么和怎么做。”可知本句也应该用过去时态，故把tell改为told。2.(2015全国卷) Tony was scared and begun to cry. 【答案】begun改为
28、began【解析】考查动词时态。本句中，and连接两个并列结构，时态应该保持一致，故把begun改为began。3.(2015全国卷) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 【答案】telling改为told【解析】考查动词时态。and连接两个并列结构，时态应该保持一致，故把telling改为told。句意：一个女人看见他在哭，叫他在商店外面等。3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week等。(2)表
29、示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。If it is fine，well g
30、o fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.×be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 300 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.【考题印证】1. （2016北京高考改编）The students have been working hard on their lessons and
31、 their efforts （reward） with success in the end.【答案】will be rewarded【解析】考查时态。2. （2016北京高考改编）More efforts，as reported， （make）in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.【答案】will be made【解析】考查时态。本句中时间状语“in the years ahead ”要用于一般将来时。根据句意“据报道，在未来的几年里，我们将做出更多的努力，以加快供应方的结构改革.”可知要用被动
32、语态。故填will be made。4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always，often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking l
33、oud in public.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。表存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。【考题印证】（2014北京高考改编）Hi，lets go s
34、kating。sorry，Im busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job.【答案】am filling【解析】考查时态。根据前面一句中的时间状语“right now”可知本句用现在进行时。故填am filling。5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train
35、 had left before we reached the station. 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left s
36、chool 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room，the boss came
37、 in.We arrived home before it snowed.【考题印证】(2018全国III卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin. 【答案】begin改为begun【解析】考查时态。根据句意“那是星期一上午，写作课才刚开始。”可知写作课开始在前，需用过去完成时，故把begin改为begun。6.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard
38、at that time.7.过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.【考题印证】1.（2017天津高考改编）I （drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.【答案】was driving【解析】考查时态。本句考查“be doing sth when”正在做某事，突然结构，故填was driving。2.（2018北京高考改编）Susan had qu
39、it her well-paid job and （work）as a volunteer in a neighbourhood when I visited her last year.【答案】was working【解析】考查时态。根据句意“去年我去拜访苏珊时，苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，并在附近的街区做志愿者工作”可知，用过去进行时态，故填was working。8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in rece
40、nt years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will
41、 realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.【考题印证】单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018·全国卷) Diets have changed in China -and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow)more corn than rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查时态。根据句首的“Since 2011”可知，本句该用现在完成时态。故填has grown。句意：中国的饮食结构已经发生了变化-中国的最高
42、粮食作物也是如此。自2011年以来，该国种植玉米比水稻多。2.(2018北京高考改编) China's high- speed railways (grow)from 9, 000 to 25, 000 kilometers in the past few years.【答案】have grown【解析】考查时态。根据句尾的时间状语“in the past few years”可知本句该用现在完成时。故填have grown。3.(2017全国卷) I had grown not only physically， but also mentally in the past few ye
43、ars. 【答案】had 改为have 【解析】考查时态。根据句尾的时间状语“in the past few years”可知本句该用现在完成时。故把had 改为have 。3.(2018江苏高考改编) Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.【答案】will have developed【解析】考查时态。9.注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：
44、凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。动词的语态考查要点考点一被动语态的构成(以do为例)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般is/am/are donewas/were/donewill/shall be done
45、would/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 The window is dirty. 窗户脏了。 I know.It h
46、asnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好几周没擦了。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。特别提示 “get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。She got married last week.她上周结婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed. 他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。3.被动语态的特殊用法 (1)英语中有很多动词,如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主